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内容来源：《21世纪英文报》 初一第776期
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Cooking to build character
词数400 建议阅读时间13分钟
Cooking to build character
9月起，中小学生要学习做饭、种菜 ……
Do you know how to cook, clean or grow plants? If not, you will soon. These will all be part of Chinese public education (教育) starting this fall.
A new standard (标准) for labor education recently came out. Students in primary and middle school will have at least one class a week to try and experience different kinds of labor and learn different life skills and even job skills. The standard includes different tasks for each grade. For example, fifth- and sixth-graders learn to cook two or three common dishes, like fried eggs or scrambled eggs with tomato (番茄炒蛋).
This move is to enrich Chinese students’ life and build their character (塑造品行) through labor. Chinese school education didn’t pay enough attention (重视) to this in the past. According to a 2019 report, Chinese kids only do 12 minutes of practical activity each day, while US kids do 1.2 hours each day, China Daily reported.
The standard also calls on families to take part in students’ labor education. They will make household lists to help students be more independent (独立的).
In addition to household skills, students will have a chance to try new technologies like 3D printing and laser cutting (激光切割). They will also learn to make traditional handicrafts (手工艺品).
Labor education in the West
Australia
When I was in high school, I learned how to make food. It was part of our Nutrition (营养) and Food Studies class. The nutrition classroom had lots of kitchen workspaces. We got into small groups and followed the teacher’s instructions (指令) to make things like pasta and stir fries (炒菜). The teacher also taught us other things, like how to eat healthy foods and how to read the labels (标签) of food packaging (包装). We designed (设计) our own cereal boxes. I really liked this class because I could use what I learned in real life.
BY MADELEINE KING, 21ST CENTURY TEENS STAFF
United StatesIn my country, the United States, lessons on cooking, housework and farming are usually elective (选修的) classes for middle and high school students. In other words, they are not required (要求) for graduation (毕业). In addition, schools usually offer (提供) woodworking and typing (打字). Some schools may also teach auto mechanics (汽车修理) and metalworking (金属加工), but these are less common. Cooking and housework are part of a class called Home Economics. It also includes skills like sewing (缝纫), managing (管理) money and caring for babies.
BY DANIEL DAUGHERTY, 21ST CENTURY TEENS STAFF
Some skills middle school students need to learn
According to the new standard for labor education by the Ministry of Education, middle school students need to learn the following skills.
Organize (整理) their room and classroom.
Pick proper (合适的) clothes for travel and pack a suitcase (打包行李箱).
Make a healthy daily eating plan.
Cook three or four dishes by themselves.
Look after and fix some home appliances (家用电器), such as washing the air conditioner (空调).
Take part in local labor such as planting and fishing.
Make one or two kinds of traditional handicrafts such as pottery (陶艺) and wood carving (木雕).
Take part in one or two industrial (工业的) projects, like papermaking.
Do one or two kinds of volunteer work.
【重点词汇】
1. education [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn]n.教育
2. standard [ˈstændəd]n.标准
3.character [ˈkærəktə(r)]n. (人、集体的)品质
4. independent [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt]adj.独立的
5. handicrafts [ˈhændɪkrɑːfts]n.手工艺品
6.nutrition[njuˈtrɪʃn]n.营养
7. instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃənz]n.指令
8. label [ˈleɪbl]n.标签
9. packaging [ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ]n.包装
10. design [dɪˈzaɪn]n./v.设计
11. elective [ɪˈlektɪv]adj.选修的
12. require[rɪˈkwaɪə(r)]v.要求
13. graduation [ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn]n.毕业
14. offer [ˈɒfə(r)]v.提供
15. typing [ˈtaɪpɪŋ]n.打字
16.mechanics [məˈkænɪks]n.机械学
17. metalworking[ˈmɛt(ə)lˌwɜːkɪŋ]n.金属加工
18. sew [ˈsəʊ]v.缝纫
19. manage [ˈmænɪdʒ]v.管理
20.organize [ˈɔːɡənaɪz]v.整理
21. proper [ˈprɒpə(r)]adj.合适的
22. appliances[əˈplaɪənsɪz]n.设备
23. pottery [ˈpɒtəri]n.陶艺
24. industrial [ɪnˈdʌstriəl]adj.工业的
25. volunteer [ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)]adj.自愿的/n.志愿者
【短语】
1. scrambled eggs with tomato 番茄炒蛋
2. build their character 塑造品行
3. pay enough attention 重视
4. laser cutting 激光切割
5. stir fries 炒菜
6. auto mechanics 汽车修理
7. pack a suitcase 打包行李箱
8. home appliances 家用电器
9. air conditioner 空调
10. wood carving 木雕
【阅读理解练一练】
1. According to Paragraph 2, what change is coming for students in primary and middle school?
A. They will have classes on weekends.
B. They will learn basic life skills at school.
C. They will cook their own lunches at school.
D. They will write their own learning standards.
文中相应句子
Students in primary and middle school will have at least one class a week to try and experience different kinds of labor and learn different life skills and even job skills.
2. What might the word “enrich” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. save B. record
C. believe D. improve
文中相应句子
This move is to enrich Chinese students’ life and build their character (塑造品行) through labor. Chinese school education didn’t pay enough attention (重视) to this in the past.
3. According to the standard, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Labor education will start in 2023.
B. Parents should play a part in labor education.
C. Students of different grades should learn the same skills.
D. Students should do two hours of practical activity each day.
文中相应句子
The standard also calls on families to take part in students’ labor education.
参考答案见下期
上期答案：ADD
烹饪以塑造性格
你知道如何烹饪、打扫或种植植物吗？如果不知道，你很快就会知道了。从今年秋天开始，这些都将成为中国公共教育的一部分。
新标准劳动教育最近出台了。中小学学生每周至少上一节课，尝试体验不同类型的劳动，学习不同的生活技能，甚至工作技能。该标准包括每个年级的不同任务。例如，五年级和六年级的学生学习做两到三道普通菜，比如煎蛋或西红柿炒蛋.
这一举措旨在通过劳动，丰富中国学生的生活，塑造他们的品行。在过去，中国学校教育对此重视不够。据《中国日报》报道，根据2019年的一份报告，中国孩子每天只做12分钟的实践活动，而美国孩子每天做1.2小时。
该标准还呼吁家庭参与学生的劳动教育。他们将列出家庭清单，帮助学生更加独立.
除了家庭技能外，学生们还将有机会尝试像3D打印和激光切割等新技术. 他们还将学习制作传统手工艺品.
西方的劳动教育
澳大利亚
当我在高中的时候，我学会了如何制作食物。这是我们营养和食物研究课的一部分 。营养教室有很多厨房工作区。我们分成小组，听从老师的指示做意大利面和炒菜. 老师还教了我们其他的东西，比如如何吃健康食品和如何阅读标签食品包装上的标签. 我们设计我们自己的麦片盒。我真的很喜欢这门课，因为我可以把学到的东西用于现实生活中。
21世纪青少年工作人员马德琳·金
美国
在我的国家，美国，烹饪、家务和农业课程通常是中学生和高中生的选修课程。换句话说，它们不是毕业必须要求的. 此外，学校通常提供木工和打字课. 一些学校还可能教授汽车修理和金属加工, 但这些并不常见。烹饪和家务是家政课的一部分。它还包括缝纫, 管理金钱和照顾婴儿等技能。
21世纪青少年工作人员DANIEL DAUGHERTY
中学生需要学习的一些技能
根据教育部新颁布的劳动教育标准，中学生需要学习以下技能：
整理他们的房间和教室。
选择合适的旅行服装和打包行李箱.
制定健康的日常饮食计划。
自己做三到四道菜。
照看和修理一些家用电器, 比如清洗空调.
参加当地的劳动，如种植和捕鱼。
制作一种或两种传统手工艺品，如陶艺和木雕.
参加一个或两个行业项目，如造纸。
做一到两种志愿者工作。
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