【专项语法】之 形容词副词原级-比较级-最高级


原级
比较级
最高级
形容词和副词


✅本节内容:
原级
➡️基础运用
比较级和最高级
➡️词语如何变化为比较级和最高级
➡️不规则变化有哪些
➡️基础运用
➡️重难点运用

原级/比较级/最高级


一、认识原级/比较级/最高级
大多数形容词和副词可以分为三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。
1.原级:即原形
2.比较级:表示“较......”或“更......一些”的意思
3.最高级:表示“最......”的意思
比较级指两者之间的比较
最高级指三者或三者以上的比较
如:
I am as tall as my brother.我和我哥哥一样高。
I am taller than my deskmate.我比我的同桌高。
I am in my class.我是我们班最高的。



分别认识
【原级】【比较级】【最高级】

一、形容词/副词原级的用法
1.一些副词,如:very /too /so /enough /quite等可以修饰形容词或副词的原级。
如:
The boy is too young. He can't lift the bag.
男孩太小了。他不能提起书包。
(young,形容词,too修饰young,“太....”)
In the last tens of meters, Tom ran so fast.
在最后的几十米,汤姆跑得如此快。
(fast, 副词, so 修饰fast, “如此....”)
2.表示A和B在某方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词副词的原级。
【1】肯定句
A...+as +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
【2】否定句
A...+not +as/so +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
如:
 This bike is as new as that one.
这辆自行车和那辆自行车一样新。
This bike isn't so new as that one
这辆自行车没有那辆自行车新。
Hiking is as interesting as swimming.
徒步和游泳一样有趣味。
Hiking isn't so interesting as swimming.
徒步没游泳有趣味。
Sophie walks as fast as her mother.
苏菲和她妈妈走得一样快。
Sophie doesn't work so fast as her mother.
苏菲没有她妈妈走得快。
3.否定句的结构中,部分双音节和多音节的形容词/副词除了使用“A...+not+as/so +形容词/副词的原级+as +B”结构,还可以使用:
A....+less+ 形容词/副词的原级+than+ B
【这个结构可能现在不能理解,后续讲了比较级就能理解了】
如:
Math is less difficult than chemical.
数学没有化学难。
4.表达倍数
【A是B的...倍】
A...+倍数+ as +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
⚠️⚠️
一倍:once
两倍:twice
三倍:three times
(三倍及以上就用数字+times)
My room is twice as big as yours.
我的房间是你的房间的两倍大。
Our school is three times as big as yours.
我们学校是你们学校的三倍大。
Your chocolate is four times as much as mine.
你的巧克力是我的巧克力的四倍多。
5.表示一半
【A是B的一半】
A....half as +形容词/副词的原级+as+ B
如:
My room is half as big as yours.
我的房间是你房间的一半。
My chocolate is half as much as yours.
我的巧克力是你的巧克力的一半。
二、形容词/副词比较级和最高级的用法
(一)比较级和最高级的构成
✅1.规则变化

➡️常见的比较级和最高级如下👇👇👇

(如若上表还有不认识的单词,应该立马查询学习哦)
✅2.不规则变化

⏺️不规则变化,一共就这6组需要特殊记忆。
⏺️farther和further,  farther指的是距离或者时间上的较远, further指的是抽象意义上的进一步,更远的,此外。
⏺️ Older和elder
➡️ older是形容词old得比较级,意思是“年纪较大的”,“较老的”可用于人或物。应于人时,强调的是年龄,指比第一个年长一些,可用于than引导比较 级中。用于物时,是指两个事物在新旧方面的比较。
如:
My uncle is older than my father.
我伯父年龄比我爸爸稍大些。
My car is older than yours.
我的车比你的车要旧一些。
➡️elder 可以是old得比较级,但只用于比较两个人的长幼,尤其是兄弟姐妹间的长幼关系。只能用于人,在名词前做定语,不能作表语。强调的不是具体的年龄,而是长幼,不能用于than 引导的比较级。
如:
My elder sister went to Paris last week. I miss her very much.
我姐姐上周去了巴黎,我非常想她。
Her elder brother has won the first prize yesterday.
他哥哥昨天获得了一等奖。
⚠️⚠️
elder另外也可以作为名词,翻译成“长者,长辈”。
如:
Parents should teach children to show respect for their elders.
父母应该教育孩子尊重长辈。
(二)比较级基础运用
✅1. 结构:
A + be +形容词/副词的比较级 + than + B
“A比B更……”
➡️than(比)是比较级的标志词,引出比较的对象。
如:
She is taller than her younger sister.
她比她妹妹要高一些。
Tom runs faster than Mike.
汤姆比迈克跑得更快。
History is more interesting than math.
历史比数学更有趣。
Losing weight is more difficult than gaining weight.
减肥比增重更难。
Your car is more expensive than mine.
你的车比我的车更贵。
⚠️⚠️
主语:在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。
(三)比较级重难点运用
✅1.表示“越来越...”
➡️比较级 + and + 比较级
➡️more and more +原级
If you work hard, your life will be better and better.
如果你努力工作,你的生活会越来越好的。
It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.
冬天到了,天气变得越来越冷。
During the past 40 years,  our country has become richer and richer.
在过去的40年来,我们国家变得越来越富裕了。
Our living environment is more and more beautiful.
我们的生活环境变得越来越美丽了。
Suddenly, the rain became more and more heavily.
突然雨下得越来越大了。
Domestic travelling and camping are becoming more and more popular due to  epidemic control.
由于疫情管控,国内旅游和露营变得越来越流行。
✅2.表示“越..., 越....”
➡️the +比较级, the+比较级
如:
The more you eat ,the fatter you will be.
你吃的越多,你长得越胖。
The less you care about others, the happier you are.
你关心别人越少,你越开心。
The faster vehicle you take, the less time you waste in the journey.
在旅途中你乘坐的交通工具越快,你浪费的时间就越少。
✅3. 在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
如:
Who is smarter, Lily or lucy?
Which one is cheaper, blue one or red one?
✅4.表示倍数
【1】A is … +倍数+ larger /higher/longer/wider than B
除了用比较级也可以用原级来表示倍数
【2】 A is … +倍数 +the size /height/length/width of B
【3】 A is … +倍数+as big /high/long/wide/large as B
如:
Our school is four times larger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大四倍。
Our school is  five times as large as yours.
我们学校是你们学校的四倍大。
(四)最高级基础运用
✅1.结构:A+be动词+【the】+最高级+in/of/among....
“A是...中最...的”
⚠️⚠️最高级前面要加定冠词【the】, the是不能省略的。
This dress is the largest one in our shop.
这条裙子是我们店里最大的一条。
My mother buys the most expensive car in the whole exhibition.
我妈妈买的车是整个展览中最贵的一辆。
Sophie is the tallest girl of the 10.
苏菲是10个女孩子中最高的。
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流。
(五)最高级重难点运用
✅1. "否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
如:
Nothing is so beautiful as this.
 = Nothing is more beautiful than this. 
= This is the most beautiful thing.
Nobody is so careful as him.
=Nobody is more careful than him.
= He is the most careful man.
✅2.one of句型表示最高级
A+系动词+ one of + 最高级+ 可数名词复数形式
如:
Mo Yan is one of the most popular writers in China.
莫言是中国最受欢迎的作家之一。
Jay Chow is one of the most popular singers in China.
周杰伦是中国最受欢迎的歌手之一。
Lucy is one of my best friends.露西是我最好的朋友之一。
(六)比较级和最高级的易错点
✅1.比较级可以用 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等修饰
Lily is much taller than Sophie.
莉莉比苏菲高太多了。
The red car is a little more expensive than white one.
红色的车比白色的车要稍微贵一点。
✅2. 序数词通常只修饰最高级
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国的第二大河流。
✅3.比较级前一般不用冠词,但若表示“两者中较……时”。比较级前要加定冠词。若比较级后有名词,常在比较级前加不定冠词,表示泛指。
She is the fatter of the two girls.
他是两个女孩装比较胖的一个。
The film is so exciting. I've never seen a more exciting movie.
这部电影激动人心。我从来没有看过更加激动的电影。
✅4.注意区分
more/less than和more/less...than...
⏺️more/less...than....句型是一种比较关系
⏺️more than =over(“多于”);less than=under(“少于”),这相当于副词,不是比较级,千万不要误以为有than就是“比较”。
如:
This car is more expensive than that one.
这辆车比那辆车要贵很多。
This car is less expensive than that one.
这辆车比那辆车略贵。
I have been in Chong Qing for more than 10 years.
我在重庆住了超过10年了。
✅5.比较级与最高级的转换:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
=Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
= Mike is more intelligent than all the other students in his class.
= Mike is more intelligent than anyone else in his class.
= Mike is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class.
比较一下,【than】后面红色字体的细微不同
总结如下:
比较级+than+ any other + 单数名词
比较级+than+ all the other + 复数名词
比较级+than + anyone else
比较级+than+ any of the other + 复数名词
练习:试着用比较级写出同义句
Tom runs the fastest in the team.
The red dress is the most expensive one in our shop.

练习




END


(文章图片和题目来源于网络整理,如有侵权请联系删除。)
到顶部