宾语从句
Grammar
英语中，从句分为三大类：
1.定语从句
2.名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语）
3.状语从句（时间/条件/目的/原因/让步/结果/地点/方式/比较）
✅本节内容：
宾语从句
➡️什么是宾语从句?
➡️宾语从句三要素（语序，引导词，时态）
➡️宾语从句的引导词有哪些?
➡️一些重难点
宾语从句
一、认识宾语从句
顾名思义，从句是一个句子，这个句子充当的是宾语的成分。
宾语是动作的承受者，是动作行为的对象。
名词,代词,不定式,名词短语都可以充当宾语。
当一个句子充当宾语时，那这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
之前我们课文中已经简单学过宾语从句，如：
Lesson99:
I think that I've hurt my back.
I'm afraid that I can't get up.
I think that the doctor had better see you.
The doctor says that he will come at once.
I'm sure that you need an X Ray, Andy.
宾语从句三要素
【语序/引导词/时态】
一、引导词
1.that
2.whether/if
3.who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which【连接代词】
4. when/ why/ where/ how【连接副词】
✅1.引导词that
连词【that】在口语和非正式文体中经常省略，但是写作文时候最好不要省略。
that常放在一些动词和形容词后，如：
I think/believe/suppose that....
“我认为/ 相信/ 假设....”
He says/ knows/ sees that...
“他说/ 知道/ 看见....”
I'm soory/ afraid/ sure that...
“我抱歉/恐怕/确信....”
I'm happy/ delighted/ excited that...
"我很快乐/ 高兴/激动...."
✅2.连接词whether/if
➡️注意，whether/if在句子中不能省略！不能省略！
➡️翻译为“是否”
➡️一般情况下whether/if可以互换
➡️只能用【whether】的情况
(1)当句子末尾有or not时。
(2)在不定式to do之前。
(3)在介词后面。
(4)当宾语从句置于句首时。
He doesn't say whether he will come to my party or not.
他没有说是否要来参加我的聚会。
I hesitate whether to travel to Shanghai this Saturday.
我犹豫是否这个星期都要去上海旅游。
Please think over whether he is suitable for this job.
请认真考虑他是否适合这个工作。
Whether he is reliable, I can't be sure.
我不能确保他是否可靠。
✅连接代词和连接副词
每一个连接代词和连接副词，在句子中都是理解为为他们原本的意思。
Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station?
Do you know who your headmaster is?
She doesn't say which dress she likes better.
I can't understand why you are late for the exam.
二、语序
宾语从句只有一种语序【陈述句语序】，不管主句8是陈述句还是疑问句，都运用陈述句语序。
结构：
主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其他
Do you understand what Anna said yesterday?
Do you know who our new directorwill be
三、时态
【1】
主句：一般现在时
从句：任意时态
He says that he didn't go to school yesterday.
Mike believes that it will rain tomorrow.
She can't understand what her teacher said just now.
I'm afraid that I can't go to your birthday party.
【2】
主句：一般过去时
从句：对应的过去时态
He said he was sick.
My parents was happy that I finished my homework carefully.
【3】
主句：一般过去时
从句：表述客观真理，自然现象，仍用一般现在时
My teacher told me that the sun rises from the east and sets from the west.
I knew that the sun is bigger than the moon.
We used to say that no news is good news.
✍总结：
练习
一、单选题
1. —Do you know ______ the Capital Museum?
— Next Friday.
A. when will they visit
B．when they will visit
C. when did they visit
D．when they visited
2．He wanted to know _______ the English party.
A．when will we have
B．when we will have
C．when would we have
D．when we should have
3．I want to know ________．
A．when we should arrive at the airport
B．when should we arrive at the airport
C．when the airport we should arrive at
D．when the airport should we arrive at
4．—David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ______?
—He is a doctor.
A．Who is he
B．who he is
C．what is he
D．what he is
5. I don’t know when _____.
A. will the train leave
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave
D. the train leave
6. Do you know what _____ with Jim?
A. is wrong
B. wrong is
C. wrong was
D. the matter is
7.－I want to know _____.
－Why not go to the park?
A. where I can go for a picnic
B. where can I go for a picnic
C. what I can go for a picnic
D. what can I go for a picnic
8. I don’t think he is right, ______?
A. do I
B. isn’t he
C. is he
D. don’t I
9. The teacher didn’t say you would come, _____?
A. would you
B. wouldn’t you
C. did she
D. didn’t you
10. Do you know______ daughter she is?
A. whose
B. whom
C. what
D. who
参考答案：
1-5 BDADB
6-10 AACCA
二、填空题
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
参考答案：
1. if／whether; enjoys
2. if／whether; needed
3. Neither; nor
4. when; leaves
5. didn't; until
6. whether; came
END
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