英语阅读理解题型汇总
英语阅读的重要性不用多说，阅读理解题是各个阶段英语考试的重中之重。很多学生刷了很多题，但是不会总结，做得多却没什么效果。这里分享一下依据国外原版阅读训练汇总的各类型阅读题型，希望孩子们在做完阅读题之后，能够复盘，对号入座分析一下属于哪种题型，归纳总结做题技巧。
1.Finding the main idea-主旨(中心思想/段落大意)
The main idea tells what the story is mostly about. Details in a story tell more information about the main idea.The main idea tells what a story or paragraph is mostly about.
2.Summarizing (归纳总结)
A summary tells the most important parts of a story.
3.Reading for details（查找细节）-(Matching information)
Details are parts of a story. Details in a story provide the reader with information about the main idea. Details help you understand what the story is about.
4.identifying story elements-确定故事元素
Every story has certain story elements. These elements include the characters, the setting, the problem, and the solution. The characters(角色) are the people, animals, or animated objects in the story. The setting (背景) is the place and time in which the story takes place. The plot(情节) of the story includes the events and often includes a problem (问题) and a solution(解决方案).
5.Analyzing characters(分析角色)
To better understand a character, a reader needs to carefully study, or analyze, a character’s traits, personality, motivations, relationships, and strengths and weaknesses.
6.Sequencing(测序)
The events in a story take place in a certain order. This is the sequence of events. Sequencing means putting the events in a story in the order they happened. Words like first, then, next, and finally help tell the sequence of a story.
Legends are stories that are told as if they are true. They are set in the real world and are often about a real character. However, the character in a legend is often stronger, smarter, bigger, or better than a real person.
7.Following directions (匹配)
When following directions, it is important to read the directions carefully and to follow them in the order they are listed.
●段落匹配题 (paragraph/section)
●句子匹配题 (sentence)
● 人名匹配题
● 时间匹配题
8.Drawing conclusions(得出结论)-做出一个合乎逻辑的假设或结论
Drawing conclusions means to make reasonable conclusions about events in a story using the information given. To draw conclusions is to use the information in a story to make a logical assumption.
When you use your own thoughts to answer the question, “How could that have happened?”, you are drawing conclusions.
例：
在外面游玩，看到乌云以及起风（details细节）->要下雨了，做出决定（drawing conclusion）立刻回家
9.Making inferences (推论)-make judgments做出判断或推论
Making inferences means to use information in a story to make judgments about information not given in the story. To make an inference is to figure out what is happening in a story from clues the author provides.
Use details from the story to make decisions about the characters.
Use story details to help you make decisions about what hashappened in the story.
推断作者的theme：
10.Visualizing(可视化)-Picturing a story
Picturing a story can help the reader understand it better.
11.Sorting and classifying (分类)-put things into groups
Classifying means to put things into groups. One way to classify is to look for similarities, or ways things are alike. Classifying means putting things into categories with other similar things.(相似之处)
Grouping like things together helps you see how parts of astory are connected and makes the story easier to understand.
Look for similarities when grouping items. (预定类别)
12.identifying fact or opinion (确认事实或意见)
A fact is information that can be proven.(可证实的信息如新闻)
(Example: Asia is a continent.)
An opinion is information that tells what someone thinks. (个人观点)
(Example: Asia is the most interesting continent in the world.)
Facts are true statement and can be proven. Opinions are a person’s own personal views or beliefs.
13.Making predictions(做出预测或预判)
Use details from a story to help determine what will happen next. This is called making predictions.
14.Comparing (比较- similarities相同) and contrasting (对比-differences 不同)
Compare means to look for things that are the same.
Contrast means to look for things that are different.
To compare and contrast ideas in a passage, determine how the ideas are alike and how they are different.
15.Developing vocabulary—词汇 (Context clues上下文线索)
·A definition（定义）
·A synonym （同义词）
·An antonym (反义词)
·An example(例子)
·A description(描述)
16.Real/fiction or fantasy/Non-fiction(虚构/非虚构)-文本类型
Story events that can really happen are real.Story events that are make-believe are fantasy.
17.Identifying cause (原因) and effect (效果)-确定因果关系
In a story, there is usually a reason something happens. This is the cause. What happens as a result is the effect.
18.Author's purposes (写作目的)
●传达信息—inform(give readers facts)
●劝说—persuade(convince readers to do or believe something)
●娱乐—entertain(tell an interesting story)
19.Appreciating literature(文学欣赏)
Understanding an author’s purpose when writing will make appreciating literature easier for the reader. Authors have a purpose when writing such as to inform (give readers facts), to persuade (convince readers to do or believe something), or to entertain (tell an interesting story).
A poem(诗歌) paints a picture with words. It often uses rhyming words.
A limerick (打油诗) is a poem that has five lines in it. It is usually funny and has a special order of rhyming words. The first two lines rhyme. Then the next two lines rhyme. Then the last line rhymes with the first two lines.
An acrostic poem (离合诗) starts with a word that is the subject of the whole poem. The word is written vertically. Then words or phases about that subject are written using each letter. Look at the examples below.
A tall tale (童话故事) is a story about a superhuman hero. The story is funny because everything is exaggerated. That means it is much bigger and better than real life.
A fable (寓言)is a story that teaches a lesson. This fable was written many, many years ago.
A play (剧本)is a story written as a script. Actors read the script, then memorize their lines, so they can pretend to be the characters in the story.
A biography (传记)is the history of a person’s life. You have probably read biographies of presidents or famous people in history. The following biography is about one of the most popular zookeepers of our time.