一个时态主要包含三个知识点:什么时候用,怎样的构成,以及动词的变形规则。今天讲一下一般现在时,一般现在时容易构成(form),但很难使用(use),或者说很难准确使用。
什么是一般现在时?一般现在时是一种英语动词时态,用于描述事实( facts)和习惯(habits)、描述未来的预定事件(scheduled events)以及讲述故事(tell stories)。下面是两种用法的简单示例:(1) 一般现在时用于描述事实和习惯。
·I like chocolate. (Fact)
·It always snows here in January. (Fact and habit)
在描述一种习惯时,通常会包含频率词,如"always," "every year," "never," "often," "on Mondays," "rarely," "sometimes," or "usually."。
(2) 用一般现在时来描述未来的预定事件。
·The train arrives at 5 o'clock.
·The plane lands in 5 minutes.
(3) 用一般现在时讲述故事(尤其是笑话),让听众或读者更投入地听故事。
·Sarah crosses the road and asks the policeman for directions.
(这种一般现在时的用法非常罕见rare。)
·There are two parrots sitting on a perch. One turns to the other and asks, "Can you smell fish?"
一般现在时肯定形式的构成
base form(原形)
或
base form(原形) + "s"
一般现在时的否定形式:
"do not" + [动词原形]. ( 第三人称单数时用"does not" (如he / she / it).)
"do not" or "does not"+[动词原形]
·I do not like chocolate.
·Angela does not run a youth club full of glue-sniffers.
在演讲和写作(尤其是非正式写作)中,"do not "通常简称为 "don't","does not "通常简称为 "doesn't"。如果您想加重语气,可以使用完整版本(即"do not" or "does not")。
一般现在时的疑问形式:
如果您需要提问,可以使用以下词序来回答一般疑问句(yes/no question):
"do" or "does" + [主语] +动词原形
·Do you like chocolate?
·Does Angela run the youth club?
您可以使用下面的词序来回答特殊疑问句(question-word question):
[特殊疑问词] + "do" or "does" + [主语] + 动词原形
·Why does Tony talk so quickly?
·When do the farmers plant the corn?
选择疑问句(choice question)可以使用以下语序:
"do" or "does" + [主语] + 动词原形 + 选项 A + or + 选项 B
·Does Mark sing or dance?
·Do they want hamburger or sausages?
一般现在时思维导图:
一般现在时的变形规则与名词变复数的规则基本相同:
其他的现在时态
一般现在时是四种现在时态之一。四种现在时态分别是:一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时。请注意动词的变形,详情请看我的前文“时态的构成”。