巴以冲突的根源复杂而深远，这导致了一系列的后果，包括平民伤亡、流离失所、破坏和深刻的政治分歧。为了解决冲突，国际社会和各方利益相关者一直在努力推动和促进和平进程，包括中东和谈和巴以和谈等。然而，要实现长期和平需要解决许多复杂的问题，包括领土、安全、难民、自决权和宗教争端等。下面我们在一个巴勒斯坦人的自述中谈谈巴以问题的历史脉络。
Do you know why these people support Palestine instead of Israel?
你知道为什么很多人支持巴勒斯坦而不是以色列吗?
Many of them do not like the human rights violations committed by Zionists against innocent Palestinians, let alone believe that Zionists have no right to occupy that land. Below, I will display some historical facts according to the historical context, and you can also search for Israeli human rights violations yourself.
他们中的许多人不喜欢犹太复国主义者对无辜的巴勒斯坦人犯下侵犯人权的行为，更不用说他们认为犹太复国主义者根本没有权利占有那片土地。下面我会按照历史脉络陈列一些历史事实，你也可以自己搜索以色列侵犯人权的行为。
Before 638 years, this land was under the rule of the Romans and Byzantines.
公元638年以前，这片土地处于罗马人和拜占庭人的统治之下。
In 638 AD, shortly after the arrival of Islam, Caliph Umar ibn Hatab conquered Jerusalem and allowed Jews to return to the city after 568 years of Roman and Byzantine rule.
公元638年，伊斯兰教到来后不久，哈里发乌玛尔·伊本·哈塔卜征服了耶路撒冷，并允许犹太人在罗马和拜占庭统治568年后重返这座城市。
In 750 AD, the Abbasid dynasty (also a Muslim) overthrew the Umayyad caliph.
公元750年，阿巴斯王朝(也是穆斯林)推翻了倭马亚哈里发。
In 970 AD, the Fatimid dynasty, which claimed to be a Shia caliph, took power and appointed a Jewish governor.
公元970年，自称什叶派哈里发的法蒂玛王朝掌权，并任命了一名犹太人担任总督。
On November 27, 1095 AD, Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade at the Clement Conference, with the main goal of "the Catholic Church reconquering the Holy City of Jerusalem and the Holy Land, and liberating Eastern Christians from Islamic rule
公元1095年11月27日，教皇乌尔班二世在克莱蒙会议上发动了第一次十字军东征，其主要目标是“天主教重新征服圣城耶路撒冷和圣地，并将东方基督徒从伊斯兰统治下解放出来。”
In 1099 AD, under the leadership of Godfrey of Bryon, Robert II of Flanders, Raymond IV of Toulouse, and Tank Red, Catholic soldiers occupied Jerusalem after a difficult siege, killing almost all the residents. The Crusaders defeated the Fatimid dynasty and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
公元1099年，在布永的戈弗雷、佛兰德斯的罗伯特二世、图卢兹的雷蒙德四世和坦克雷德的带领下，天主教士兵在一场艰难的围攻后占领了耶路撒冷，杀死了几乎所有的居民。十字军打败了法蒂玛王朝，建立了耶路撒冷王国。
耶路撒冷
In October 1187, Salah Ud Din (the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty) seized Jerusalem from the Crusaders.
1187年的10月，萨拉赫-乌德-丁(埃及和叙利亚的第一位苏丹，阿尤布王朝的创始人)从十字军手中夺取耶路撒冷。
In 1189-1192, King Richard I of England led the Third Crusade. The siege of Ak also occurred during the Third Crusade. Richard beheaded 2700 Muslim prisoners at Fort Ak. During the Third Crusade, Richard I of England defeated Saladin in the Battle of Alsulf.
1189-1192年，英格兰王理查一世率领的第三次十字军东征。阿克之围也发生在第三次十字军东征期间。理查斩首了阿克要塞的2700名穆斯林囚犯。第三次十字军东征期间，英格兰的理查一世在阿尔苏夫战役中击败了萨拉丁。
In 1291, the eighth Egyptian Mamluk Sultan occupied Al Aqqa (an ancient city in northern Palestine), thus eliminating the Crusader Kingdom in Jerusalem (the last Catholic land left behind by the Crusades) and ending the Ninth Crusade, effectively ending all Crusades.
1291年，第八任埃及马穆鲁克苏丹占领阿克（巴勒斯坦北部古城），从而消灭了耶路撒冷的十字军王国(十字军东征留下的最后一个天主教土地)，结束了第九次十字军东征，实际上结束了所有的十字军东征。
1517- The army of Sultan Selim I of Türkiye conquers Levant.
1517年的今天，土耳其苏丹塞利姆一世的军队征服了黎凡特。
1700- devout Judas, a Jewish missionary who led the largest organized Jewish immigrant group to Palestine in the 17th and 18th centuries, settled in Jerusalem with 1000 followers
1700年的今天，虔诚的犹大(一位犹太传教士，在17世纪和18世纪带领最大的有组织的犹太移民团体前往巴勒斯坦)带着1000名追随者在耶路撒冷定居。
In 1798, Napoleon launched the French campaign in Egypt and Syria. The Ottomans ruled Palestine. In 1832, Muhammad Ali of Egypt took over Ak from the Ottomans.
1798年，拿破仑在埃及和叙利亚发动法国战役。当时奥斯曼人统治着巴勒斯坦。1832年，埃及的穆罕默德·阿里从奥斯曼人手中接管了阿克。
After this point in time, you will see important things happening. You see, in Roman times, Jews were persecuted and expelled from this land. At that time, there was no Islam, Islam appeared in 600 AD, and Muhammad was born in 570 AD. In 638, the Muslim Empire took control of the Palestinian area, allowing Jews to move back to cities and give them a home. Until now, Muslims have ruled the area, and there were conflicts between the Ottomans and Egyptians within Muslims. Slowly, Jews began to join and expel their hosts (Arabs).
在这个时间点之后，你会看到重要的事情发生了。你看，在罗马时代，犹太人受到迫害，被赶出了这片土地。那时还没有伊斯兰教，伊斯兰教出现在公元600年，穆罕默德出生于570年。638年，穆斯林帝国控制了巴勒斯坦地区，允许犹太人搬回城市，给他们一个家，直到现在穆斯林一直统治着该地区，在穆斯林内部，奥斯曼人和埃及人之间存在冲突。慢慢地，犹太人开始加入进来，开始驱逐他们的东道主(阿拉伯人)。
1840- The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and several other countries signed the London Convention with the rulers of the Ottoman Empire. The signer agreed that Muhammad Ali and his successors would permanently control Egypt and Aksanjak (roughly equivalent to present-day Israel), on the condition that these territories remained part of the Ottoman Empire. He agreed to withdraw from the rest of Syria within 10 days and return the Ottoman fleet that had defected to Alexander to Sultan Abdul Lemisid I. Mohammed Ali immediately withdrew his troops from Arabia, the Holy City, Crete, the Adana region, and the entire Ottoman Empire.
1840年的今天，大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国和其他几个国家与奥斯曼帝国的统治者签署了《伦敦公约》。签署者同意穆罕默德·阿里和他的继承人永久控制埃及和阿克桑贾克(大致相当于现在的以色列)，条件是这些领土仍是奥斯曼帝国的一部分，他同意在10天内从叙利亚的其余地区撤出，并将叛逃到亚历山大的奥斯曼舰队归还给苏丹阿卜杜勒·勒米西德一世。穆罕默德·阿里立即从阿拉伯、圣城、克里特岛、阿达纳地区和整个奥斯曼帝国撤军。
1860- The first Jewish community is built outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem.
1860年的今天，第一个犹太社区在耶路撒冷老城的城墙外建成。
1882-1903- The first Jewish return occurs, with 25000 to 35000 Jewish immigrants immigrating to Ottoman Syria.
1882-1903年的今天，第一次犹太人回归发生，25000 - 35000名犹太移民移民到奥斯曼叙利亚。
犹太人
1887-8- The Ottoman Empire divided Syria into Jerusalem Sanjak, Nablus Sanjak, and Aksanjak (now Israel).
1887-8年的今天，奥斯曼帝国将叙利亚分为耶路撒冷桑贾克、纳布卢斯桑贾克和阿克桑贾克(即现在的以色列)。
From August 29 to 31, 1897, the First Zionist Congress was held in Basel, Switzerland. The World Zionist Organization was established at the conference and passed the Basel Declaration, which established that the ultimate goal of the Zionist movement was to establish and secure a homeland for Jews in accordance with public law, which would be located in the promised areas of the Bible.
1897年8月29日至31日，第一届犹太复国主义大会在瑞士巴塞尔举行，世界犹太复国主义组织在会上成立，并通过了《巴塞尔宣言》，该宣言确定犹太复国主义运动的最终目标是根据公法为犹太人建立和保障一个家园，它将位于圣经的应许地区。
In 1901, at the Fifth Zionist Congress held in Basel, the Jewish State Fund was established to purchase and develop land for Jewish settlements in the southern region of Ottoman Syria.
1901年，在巴塞尔举行的第五届犹太复国主义大会上，犹太国家基金成立，目的是在奥斯曼叙利亚南部地区购买和开发土地，用于犹太人定居点。
On April 11, 1909, the city of Tel Aviv was established.
1909年4月11日，特拉维夫市建立。
In 1916-1918, the Arab uprising aimed to gain independence from the ruling Ottoman Turks and establish a unified Arab country from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen.
1916-1918年，阿拉伯起义，目标是从统治的奥斯曼土耳其人手中获得独立，并建立一个从叙利亚的阿勒颇到也门的亚丁的统一的阿拉伯国家。
On May 16, 1916, Britain and France signed the secret Sykes Picco Agreement. This agreement effectively divided the Arab provinces outside the Ottoman Empire's Arabian Peninsula into areas under future British and French control or influence. Someone has proposed the establishment of an "international administrative authority" for Palestine. (You can read more about the discussions between Britain and Zionists during negotiations)
1916年5月16日，英国和法国签订了秘密的赛克斯-皮科协议。该协议有效地将奥斯曼帝国阿拉伯半岛以外的阿拉伯省份划分为未来英法控制或影响的地区。有人提议为巴勒斯坦建立一个“国际行政当局”。(你可以阅读更多关于英国和犹太复国主义者在谈判期间的讨论)
At this time, Palestine under the Ottoman Empire gained support from the Germans, while the British were attempting to take over.
此时，奥斯曼帝国统治下的巴勒斯坦得到了德国人的支持，而英国人正试图接管。
In 1917, during the Third Battle of Gaza, the British army occupied Gaza and issued the Belfort Declaration, in which the British government announced its support for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in the later Palestinian trust.
1917年的今天，在第三次加沙战役中，英国军队占领了加沙，发表了《贝尔福宣言》，英国政府在宣言中宣布支持在后来的巴勒斯坦托管地建立一个犹太民族家园。
It must be pointed out that the Napoleonic War led to the germination of Jewish liberation thoughts. This has generated many religious and secular cultural flows and political philosophies among Jewish people in Europe, covering ideas from Marxism to Judaism. Among these movements, Theodore Hertzl promoted Zionism.
在此必须指出的是，拿破仑战争导致了犹太人解放思想的萌发。这在欧洲的犹太人中产生了许多宗教和世俗的文化流和政治哲学，涵盖了从马克思主义到犹太主义的思想。在这些运动中，西奥多·赫茨尔推动了犹太复国主义。
At the end of the 19th century, Hertzl elaborated on his vision for the Jewish state and Jewish homeland in his work "Der Judensaat". Hertzl was later hailed by the Zionist party as the father of the State of Israel. In the Balfour Declaration of 1917, Britain became the first world power to support the establishment of a "Jewish national homeland" in Palestine.
19世纪末，赫茨尔在他的著作《犹太国家》(Der Judenstaat)中阐述了他对犹太国家和犹太人家园的愿景。赫茨尔后来被犹太复国主义政党誉为以色列国的国父。在1917年的《贝尔福宣言》(Balfour Declaration)中，英国成为第一个支持在巴勒斯坦建立“犹太人的民族家园”的世界大国。
During World War I, British colonizers agreed in a communication between High Commissioner McMahon in Egypt and Mecca Sharif Hussein that if the Arabs rebelled against the Ottomans, they would respect their independence. Both parties have different interpretations of this agreement. As a result, the UK and France divided the region according to the Sykes Pico Accord, which was seen by the Arabs as a betrayal. Even more puzzling is the commitment of the Belfort Declaration to support the establishment of a "national homeland" for Jews in Palestine. After the end of the war, a military management agency called the "Enemy Occupied Areas Administration" was established in the territories occupied by former Ottoman Syria.
一战时期，英国殖民者在驻埃及高级专员麦克马洪和麦加谢里夫侯赛因的通信中同意，如果阿拉伯人反抗奥斯曼人，它将尊重阿拉伯人的独立。双方对这项协议有不同的解释。结果，英国和法国根据《赛克斯-皮科协定》瓜分了该地区，这在阿拉伯人看来是一种背叛行为。更令人困惑的是，《贝尔福宣言》承诺支持犹太人在巴勒斯坦建立“民族家园”。战争结束后，在前奥斯曼叙利亚占领的领土上建立了一个名为“敌占区管理局”的军事管理机构。
Britain sought legitimacy for its continued control of the region and obtained authorization from the League of Nations in June 1922. The official goal of the League of Nations mandate management system is to manage parts of the Ottoman Empire, which has been controlling the Middle East since the 16th century "until they can exist independently".
英国为其继续控制该地区寻求合法性，并于1922年6月获得国际联盟的授权。国际联盟委任管理制度的正式目标是管理奥斯曼帝国的部分地区，奥斯曼帝国自16世纪以来一直控制着中东，“直到他们能够独立存在为止”。
With the consent of the League of Nations, civil trusteeship management was officially established in 1923 under the British trusteeship of Palestine, which included two administrative regions. The land west of the Jordan River, known as Palestine, was directly managed by Britain until 1948, while the land east of Jordan is a semi autonomous region known as Outer Jordan, ruled by the Hashemite family of Hijaz and gained independence in 1946.
在国际联盟的同意下，民事托管管理于1923年在英国对巴勒斯坦的托管下正式确立，其中包括两个行政区域。约旦河以西的土地，被称为巴勒斯坦，在1948年之前一直由英国直接管理，而约旦以东的土地是一个半自治区，被称为外约旦，由希贾兹的哈希姆家族统治，并于1946年获得独立。
In my opinion, the British have messed up everything. They deceived the Arabs and gave the land to the Jews. Jews began to immigrate on a large scale to this land, purchase properties, and become economically strong.
在我看来，英国人把一切都搞砸了。他们欺骗了阿拉伯人，把土地给了犹太人。犹太人开始大规模移民到这片土地，开始购买房产，并在经济上变得强大。
From 1936 to 1939, there was an Arab nationalist uprising in Palestine. Think of an analogy where there is a body (Arab land in Palestine) that becomes weak (British invasion), and in that disease, some foreign body, a certain virus (Jewish), finds a chance to find a new home in that sick body. Slowly, the virus began to multiply, infecting normal cells where they once existed. The virus is getting stronger, the body is getting weaker, and white blood cells are trying to resist, but they are being suppressed.
1936年到1939年，巴勒斯坦发生了阿拉伯民族主义起义。想想一个类比，有一个身体(巴勒斯坦的阿拉伯土地)，它变得虚弱(英国入侵)，在那个疾病中，一些外来的身体，某种病毒(犹太人)找到了机会，在那个生病的身体中找到了新家。慢慢地，病毒开始繁殖，在正常细胞曾经存在的地方，这种病毒感染了它们。病毒越来越强，身体越来越弱，白细胞试图反抗，但被镇压。
In 1929, the Arabs rebelled, but not yet strong enough.
1929年的今天，阿拉伯人起义了，但还不够强大。
1947- The United Nations General Assembly proposes to divide British Palestine into Arab and Jewish states.
1947年的今天，联合国大会提议将英属巴勒斯坦划分为阿拉伯和犹太国家。
1948- Israel issues the Declaration of Independence: Jewish leaders in the Palestinian region declare the establishment of an independent and sovereign state of Israel.
1948年的今天，以色列发表独立宣言:巴勒斯坦地区的犹太领导人宣布建立独立和主权的以色列国。
Zionists are like a cancer. They begin to expand. This is not just a religious home, money and power also come into play.
犹太复国主义者就像一个毒瘤。它们开始膨胀。这不仅仅是一个宗教家园，金钱和权力也会起作用。
May 14, 1948 to January 7, 1949- The 1948 Arab Israeli War: a large-scale war between Israel and five Arab countries and Palestinian Arabs. The result of the war was Israel's victory, with Israel annexing territories beyond the proposed Jewish state border and entering the proposed Arab state and West Jerusalem border.
1948年5月14日至1949年1月7日——1948年阿以战争:以色列与五个阿拉伯国家和巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人之间的大规模战争。战争的结果是以色列胜利，以色列吞并了拟议中的犹太国家边界以外的领土，进入拟议中的阿拉伯国家和西耶路撒冷的边界。
October 29, 1956- November 5, 1956- The Battle of Sinai was held. This war broke out after Egypt decided to nationalize the Suez Canal on July 26, 1956. This war was initiated by Britain and France, in cooperation with Israel, with the aim of occupying the Sinai Peninsula and regaining control of the Suez Canal by Europeans. Although Israel's occupation of Sinai was successful, the United States and the Soviet Union forced it to give up control.
1956年10月29日- 1956年11月5日——西奈战役举行。这场战争是在1956年7月26日埃及决定将苏伊士运河国有化之后爆发的。这场战争由英国和法国发起，并与以色列合作进行，目的是占领西奈半岛，欧洲人重新控制苏伊士运河。尽管以色列对西奈的占领是成功的，但美国和苏联迫使它放弃了控制。
From June 5th to 10th, 1967, Israel and all its neighboring countries - Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon - broke out in the Six Day War and received assistance from other Arab countries. This war lasted for 6 days, and finally Israel significantly expanded its territory - occupying the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.
1967年6月5日至10日，以色列与其所有邻国——埃及、约旦、叙利亚和黎巴嫩之间爆发了六日战争，并得到了其他阿拉伯国家的援助。这场战争持续了6天，最后以色列大幅扩张了自己的领土——从埃及占领了加沙地带和西奈半岛，从约旦占领了约旦河西岸和耶路撒冷，从叙利亚占领了戈兰高地。
From October 6th to 24th, 1973, the Yom Kippur War broke out. At the beginning of the war, the Syrian army (in the Golan Heights) and the Egyptian army (in the Suez Canal) launched a sudden joint attack on two fronts, deliberately launching an attack on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. The Egyptian army recaptured the Sinai Peninsula, which had been occupied by the Israeli army for nearly 7 years. The Palestinians who were once primitive residents of the region have now become refugees.
1973年10月6日至24日，赎罪日战争爆发。战争开始时，叙利亚军队(在戈兰高地)和埃及军队(在苏伊士运河)在两条战线上发动了一次突然的联合攻击，故意在犹太节日赎罪日(Yom Kippur)发起攻击。埃及军队夺回了被以色列军队占领了近7年的西奈半岛。曾经是该地区原始居民的巴勒斯坦人现在成了难民。
In 1974, the Palestine Liberation Organization was allowed to serve as the sole political representative organization of Palestinian Arab refugees at the United Nations.
1974年，巴解组织被允许作为巴勒斯坦阿拉伯难民在联合国的唯一政治代表组织。
In 1982, the first Lebanese War broke out, with Israel invading southern Lebanon. This war led to the expulsion of the Palestine Liberation Organization from Lebanon and the establishment of an Israeli security zone in southern Lebanon.
1982年的今天，第一次黎巴嫩战争爆发，以色列入侵黎巴嫩南部。这场战争导致巴解组织被驱逐出黎巴嫩，并在黎巴嫩南部建立了以色列安全区。
1988- Palestine issues the Declaration of Independence.
1988年的今天，巴勒斯坦发表独立宣言。
1987-1991 First Uprising: The first Palestinian uprising occurred in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, opposing Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories.
1987-1991年第一次起义:第一次巴勒斯坦起义发生在加沙地带和西岸，反对以色列占领巴勒斯坦领土。
2000- Second Palestinian Uprising: The second Palestinian uprising occurred in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, opposing Israel's occupation of Palestinian territory.
2000年的今天，第二次巴勒斯坦起义:第二次巴勒斯坦起义发生在加沙地带和西岸，反对以色列对巴勒斯坦领土的占领。
西岸围栏
In June 2002, Israel began building a West Bank fence along the Green Line border.
2002年6月，以色列开始沿着绿线边界修建西岸围栏。
After experiencing everything they have done, can you really accuse the Arabs of hating Israel?
在经历了他们所做的一切之后，你真的能指责阿拉伯人憎恨以色列吗?