今天碰到一个很有趣的事,我觉得有必要在这里写一下,这样可能有悟性的同学会明白我说的什么意思。 今天是周六,我出去买东西,因为药物负效应,医生建议1个月不让开车,所以我坐在车上,拿出手机上了QQ。在一个群里,有个人一上来就发了个哭脸。我看似乎很多人都这样做,这不是第一次看到。所以我就问了下有什么事吗? 那人说“nothing." 我就没再继续问。 很快我看到一个人写“I am bored." 我没有说什么。 结果,这个人单独发了个短信给我:hey 我回复“ what's up?" “nothing" 我无语。 然后我看到“ doing" 我不明白这人说什么,没有理睬。 这人继续打出“ you" 我没有说什么,因为不知道他/她到底要说什么 这人写出“ I am bored , video?" 说实话,这时候我开始有点郁闷了。" You'd better take care of your own business." “ What have I done? Why I offended you?" I wish I could tell him/her! 你无聊是你的事,我不愿意被牵扯进去。
" I am bored" 是我在QQ上经常看到有人说的“英语”。我不知道为什么很多人喜欢用这个句子,用西方人的眼光来看,觉得这人很没礼貌,因为你无聊是你自己的事,没必要让其他人都来体验你多么的无聊。更没必要让其他人来“分享”你的无聊。 我在想这个为什么成为很多中国人用英语的“习惯用语”。发现这还真与中国人的习惯用语有关。 经常有人会说“我感觉好无聊”, 翻译过来就成了 :I am bored. 不过呢,在英语国家,无聊的时候你可以找人聊天,前提是你在讯问对方是否愿意与你聊天的基础上开始。 没有人应该是你的救世主,好好心情下与你谈无聊的事。 更何况,不是人人都那么无聊的挂在线上,等着去解救那些无聊的网民啊!
如果一开始就让人感觉你会带来负面的影响,没有几个人希望与你交谈的! 所以我建议喜欢说“ I am bored" 的人改改习惯用语。
在英文中,如果是打电话,自我介绍要用This is...而不是 I am 谁谁谁,虽然汉语的意思都是一样的。 如果是写邮件,最正统的方式也是This is...from...或者My name is...
而介绍不认识的两方互相认识,西方礼节上是向辈分高的人介绍辈分低的人。辈分的区分又以性别为先,即女士优先与男士。那么当你介绍两个人认识,你需要说:Ms..., this is Mr... 除非那个男士是比女士大很大龄。比方说一个80岁的老人,一个是30多岁的女士,那么要说Mr...., this is Ms... 在集体介绍中,如果来了新同事,一般的方法是先把新同事介绍给所有人,然后跟新同事从最高级人物往下一个个单独介绍。 这些和我们中国的礼节有些不一样,在中国,可能只介绍职务很高的人,其他人并不单独一一介绍。
现在在家休息,有了很多可以自由支配的时间。我准备借天涯论坛来讲一讲英语语法和写作。有兴趣的同学们可以先读一读英语部分。在中国上完高中的学生绝大多数都学习过语法知识,所以,换成英语来理解,很多地方会变得一目了然,非常清晰。 在英语母语国家,英语语法分为以下几个部分: The Sentence The Parts of Speech Complements The Phrase The Clause The Kinds of Sentence Structure 经典的英语母语国家的语法教材,书籍几乎都是按以上顺序来编写。我仔细分析了一下,觉得这种顺序很有道理。 首先,句子,接着,话语的组成成分(主要部分),然后其他部分:补足语。再细讲各种短语,从句。最后,总结了几种英语句子的结构。 在日常对话中,涉及到最多的是第一和第二部分;而在写作中,这上面的所有事项都需要掌握,尤其是一些毕业论文,或者是大学申请书这样的非常正式的写作,必须用到语法知识的方方面面。以下我会一一讲解。
首先,我们来讲一下the sentence : A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought. subject and predicate The subject of a sentence is the part about which something is being said. The predicate of a sentence is the part that says something about the subject. 英语的句子和中文句子是一样的,基本结构是主语和谓语。 很多学生认为口语不注重语法点的考核,其实是对口语的误解。 我们在对学生口语能力进行评估时候,主语谓语是否存在是判断学生口语能力的一个很重要的基准。 比方说如果一个学生可以说:The music of Scott Joplin is popular again. 另外一个学生说:The music of Scott Joplin. 很明显第一个学生的口语比第二个学生要好一些,因为第一个学生可以用一组词来表达一个完整的简单句。
学习英语句子,还要分清楚句子的意图 classify sentences by purpose: 句子的意图断定句型。英语有4种句型:陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句。 1)A declarative sentence makes a statement. it is followed by a period. 2)An interrogative sentence asks a question. It is followed by a question mark. 3) An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It is followed by a period. Strong commands are followed by exclamation points. 4) An exclamatory sentence shows excitement or expresses strong feeling. It is followed by an exclamation point.
有些时候,主语和谓语并非一个,这种用法在英语语法中叫做compound subject, compound predicate. i.e. Legends and folk tales have been repeated and enjoyed throughout the Americas. legends and folk tales 是复合主语 have been repeated and enjoyed 是复合谓语。 能够识别复合主语和复合谓语对后面的分析复杂句子成分和结构奠定基础。
有兴趣的同学可以做一下练习: Write your own sentences according to the guidelines given for each number: A declarative sentence with a compound subject An imperative sentence with a compound predicate An exclamatory sentence with a single subject and a single predicate An interrogative sentence with a compound predicate
Noun : names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. i.e. Wilma, cave, Asia, freedom, honesty. Pronoun: takes the place of a noun. i.e. she, ourselves, who, anyone. Adjective: modifies a noun or pronoun. i.e. sick, tiny, purple, smooth. Verb: shows action or helps to make a statement. i.e. play, study, were, become. adverb: modifies a verb, and adjective, or another adverb. i.e. very, too, usually, quickly preposition: relates a noun or a pronoun to another word; begins a prepositional phrase. i.e. beside (her), to (town) conjunction: joins words or groups of words. i.e. and, but, either...or interjection: shows strong feeling. i.e. well! wow! oh!
Complements宾语补足语 Direct and indirect objects,直接/间接宾语 subject complements 主语补足 很多句子有主谓即可: John shouted. The squirrels scampered across the campus. 但是也有句子除了主谓语以外,还有一个部分,叫做宾语补足语。即把一句话补充完整。 Marlene bought [what?} I met [whom]? Her friend is [what]? 填充上面括号的词就叫宾语补足语。
有两种宾补受动词的影响,因此有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。 The direct object receives the action expressed by the verb or names the result of the action. Lange built an impressive collection. Collection is the direct object; it names the result of the action built. The indirect object of the verb precedes the direct object and tells to whom or what or for whom or what the action of the verb is done. Sarita bought us a chess set. [Us is the indirect object because it tells for whom Sarita bought a chess set.]
The Phrase 短语 前面提到的都是单个的修饰词,如果用一组词来组成修饰语,叫做短语。在英语写作中我们经常要用到各种类型的短语。 prepositional phrase (prep.) 介词短语 participial phrase (part.) 分词短语 infinitive phrase ( inf.) 不定式短语 gerund phrase ( ger.) 动名词短语 appositive phrase ( app.) 同位短语 He tried to do his best. (inf.) We prepared treats for them. (prep.) Broken, the toy still ran. ( part.) Fishing can be a hobby or an occupation. ( ger.)
下面一句话有好几个短语,大家可以看看,理解一下短语在句子中的作用。 Skating on the sidewalk, my little brother Shawn tried to do some acrobatics, and that put an end to his playing for a while. Skating (participle),Shawn ( appositive), to do (infinitive), playing (gerund)
接下来,从句The clause 从句分为独立从句Independent and 和subordinate clauses 从属从句 从句和短语的区别是从句有动词和它的主语。 比方说:on the tubboat, have been laughing 短语 as the tugboat crossed the river 从句 who have been laughing 从句 鉴定从属从句和独立从句 独立从句;可以单独表达一个完整的意思,可以单独作为一个句子。An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence. Since it was my mother's birthday, I baked her a cake. 从属从句A subordinate clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. As the monster appeared from beneath a huge rock, all of us in the movie theater held our breath.
是你图片里这个瀑布吗?这个地方我去过。开车去的。但不知道是否是你说的那个。@64kusim 290楼 2014-07-24 14:28 @北美波特兰华人 289楼 2014-07-24 02:35:31 楼主| 发表于 2 秒前 | 只看该作者 接下来,从句The clause 从句分为独立从句Independent and 和subordinate clauses 从属从句 从句和短语的区别是从句有动词和它的主语。 比方说:on the tubboat, have been laughing 短语 as the tugboat crossed the river 从句 who have been…… -----------------------------