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Functional bladder tissue regenerated using baboon bone marrow cells
Researchers
have successfully regenerated functional bladder tissue in a baboon using the animal’s own bone marrow cells. With the organ working within
a few months and staying healthy throughout the two-year study, the findings
open the door to a novel treatment for severe bladder dysfunction for which
treatment is currently limited.
Certain
conditions can affect the bladder, including spina bifida, spinal cord
injuries, and malignancy, resulting in urine leakage, bladder stiffness,
and loss of bladder capacity. The current treatment for severe and end-stage
bladder dysfunction is limited to surgery that includes augmentation
cystoplasty, making the bladder larger using a section of the small or
large intestine. However, complications arising from bladder/intestine
incompatibilities have led to a search for alternative ways to treat bladder
dysfunction.
Now,
researchers from the Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute at Ann &
Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University have
successfully regenerated functional bladder tissue in a baboon using the
animal’s own bone marrow cells.
“Our
innovative approach is promising to make a great difference in the lives of
children with spina bifida and others with end-stage bladder
dysfunction,” said Arun Sharma, corresponding author of the study. “In our
study, the bladder started working within a few months and demonstrated
functionality throughout the course of the study. This is a major advance that
will transform clinical practice.”
The
innovative approach involved using a novel biodegradable scaffold seeded
with stem and progenitor cells taken from the baboon’s bone marrow. The
researchers found that the cell-seeded scaffolds generated robust bladder
tissue, including smooth muscle and nerve and blood vessel regeneration.
The
regenerated bladder retained the shape of a healthy bladder and the researchers
observed a gradual increase in bladder capacity over time. This, they say, is
particularly important for pediatric patients where bladder growth needs
to be in step with patient development. After two years, the regenerated
bladder tissue remained healthy, serving as a pre-clinical model for humans.
Because the
researchers used the baboon’s own bone marrow cells, there was no tissue
rejection. Additionally, the biodegradable scaffold was found to be non-toxic.
“Our
results were fantastic and point to a new direction in the field,” Sharma said.
“The likelihood that our innovative platform will be feasible in humans is very
high, and we anticipate launching a clinical trial soon.”
注释：
baboon:
n
表示" 狒狒"，如：The
baboon has a dog-like face. 狒狒有一张像狗一样的脸。
marrow:
n
表示"骨髓"，means
"the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of
bones"，如：Bone marrow is full of stem cells. 骨髓中含有丰富的干细胞。
bifida:
n
表示" 二分,分裂"，means
""，如：How Can Spina Bifida Be Prevented? 脊椎裂如何被预防. spinal bifida 脊柱裂
malignancy:
n
表示" 恶性；[病理]恶性肿瘤"，means "quality of being disposed
to evil; intense ill will"，如：No bowel malignancy
was detected. 没有发现肠恶性肿瘤。
augmentation:
n
表示" 增加；增大"，means
"the amount by which something increases"，如：he
approach is called the wide-area augmentation system, or WAAS. 这种方法称为广域扩增系统,简写为WAAS。
cystoplasty:
n
表示"膀胱成形术"，如：Augmentational
cystoplasty 膀胱扩大成形术
biodegradable:
adj
表示" 生物所能分解的"，如：In practice this is not the case since part of the sludge is not biodegradable实际上不是这样，因为有一部分污泥不能为生物所降解。
scaffold： n
表示"脚手架"，means
"a platform from which criminals are executed (hanged or beheaded)"，如：The worker fell down from the scaffold. 那个工人从脚手架掉了下来。
pediatric:
adj
表示" 儿科的"，means
"of or relating to the medical care of children"，如：Moreover, there are a number of different approaches for treating
pediatric musculoskeletal impairments, such as therapy, orthotics, and surgery.而且，为对待儿科的肌与骨骼的亏损有许多不同的方法，例如治疗，矫正学和手术。
中文简要说明：
某些疾病会影响膀胱，包括脊柱裂、脊髓损伤和恶性肿瘤，导致漏尿、膀胱僵硬和膀胱容量丧失，虽然现在有手术来修补，但手术有时穷尽，要是受损太严重也没办法。或许可以利用自身的细胞来再生新的组织与器官。
新阿特拉斯(New Altas)报导，美国西北大学(Northwestern
University)与芝加哥卢利儿童医院(Lurie Children’s Hospital of
Chicago)的研究团队，利用狒狒自身的骨髓细胞，成功地再生了狒狒的功能性膀胱组织。
该研究的通讯作者夏尔马 (Arun Sharma) 表示：「在我们的研究中，经过骨髓细胞再生的膀胱组织，在随后的几个月开始工作，并且在为期两年的研究过程中，都表现良好，证实该方法相当有效。」
「我们的创新方法，有望为末期膀胱功能障碍，尤其是车祸脊柱损伤的儿童，生活带来巨大改变。」
此创新方法涉及使用一种可生物降解的支架，其中植入了取自狒狒骨髓的干细胞和祖细胞。研究人员发现，细胞接种的支架产生了坚固的膀胱组织，包括平滑肌、神经和血管再生。
再生的膀胱保留了健康膀胱的形状，研究人员观察到，膀胱容量还会随着时间的推移而逐渐增加。这对儿童患者尤其重要，因为膀胱的生长需要与患者的发育同步。两年后，狒狒的再生的膀胱组织仍然健康，这可以作为人类的临床前模型。
由于使用的是狒狒本身的骨髓细胞，因此完全没有出现组织排斥反应。此外，可生物降解的支架是无毒的，也没有积累成无效组织。
夏尔马说：「这个结果比我们预想的还要更好，证明这种修补方法是正确的。或许在不久后，可以在人类临床上进行实验，这是一种修补器官并恢复完整功能的新技术。」
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