英闻独家摘选:世卫最新报告 癌患新增数、死亡数「全球双冠王」是它


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New Cancer Cases To Soar 77% By 2050: WHO
   The number of new cancer cases will rise to more than 35 million in 2050 -- 77 percent higher than the figure in 2022, the World Health Organization's cancer agency warned Thursday.
  The WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) cited tobacco, alcohol, obesity and air pollution as key factors in the estimated rise.
  "Over 35 million new cancer cases are predicted in 2050", a statement said, a 77-percent increase from the some 20 million cases diagnosed in 2022.
  "The rapidly-growing global cancer burden reflects both population ageing and growth, as well as changes to people's exposure to risk factors, several of which are associated with socioeconomic development.
  "Tobacco, alcohol and obesity are key factors behind the increasing incidence of cancer, with air pollution still a key driver of environmental risk factors."
  The most-developed countries are expected to record the greatest increases in case numbers, with an additional 4.8 million new cases predicted in 2050 compared with 2022 estimates, the WHO said.
   But in terms of percentages, countries on the low end of the Human Development Index (HDI) used by the UN will see the greatest proportional increase -- up 142 percent.
  And countries in the medium range are due to record a 99-percent increase, it said.
  "Likewise, cancer mortality in these countries is projected to almost double in 2050," the WHO said.
  Freddie Bray, head of the cancer surveillance branch at IARC, said: "The impact of this increase will not be felt evenly across countries of different HDI levels.
  "Those who have the fewest resources to manage their cancer burdens will bear the brunt of the global cancer burden."
 
注释:
brunt: n
表示" 正面的冲击;主要的压力",means "main force of a blow etc",如:She had to bear the brunt of the criticisms. 她不得不承受批评的压力。
中文简要说明:
   世卫(WHO)癌症研究机构1日发布最新报告,经过估算,前年(2022年)全球癌患新增约2000万例,癌症死亡个案约970万例,两者均以肺癌居冠;新增癌症病例数逐年上升的4大关键因素是酒精、烟草、肥胖、空污。各国癌患死亡数字因为贫富差距呈现的鸿沟也很惊人。到2050年,新增癌患病例数将比2022年的数字多出77%,增幅惊人。
  综合路透社、英国《卫报》周四(1日)报导,联合国世界卫生组织辖下的国际癌症研究中心(IARC)周四(1日)表示,大约5分之1人口会在一生之中罹癌,男性、女性各有9分之1、12分之1会死于癌症。不过,癌患死亡率与居住国家大有关联。
  IARC根据全球185国36种癌症数据,每年提出2次报告,其中10种癌症在新增癌患与死亡病例占了3分之2。肺癌再度成为最常见的癌症,也是最多癌患的死因,新增病例250万、死亡人数180万,在所有癌患之中占比各为占12.4%、18.7%。IARC表示,这可能与亚洲人长期吸烟比例有关。女性乳癌是第二常见的癌症,占新增病例数11.6%,死亡数占比不到7%。其他主要致死癌症包括肠癌和胃癌。
   最先进国家的女性,每12人有1人罹患乳癌,但每71名女性仅1人死于乳癌;在发展程度较低的国家,每27名女性有1人罹患乳癌,部分原因是人口较年轻、接触到肥胖超重等危险因子的机率也较低,但每48名女性就有1人死于乳癌。IARC指出,落后国家女性乳癌确诊率低,但诊断时机通常较晚、获得优质医疗的机会不足,女性死于乳癌风险因此高了许多。
  随着生活方式转变,有些癌症如今对于人类的影响程度日渐增加。例如,大肠直肠癌在常见癌症排名第3,死亡人数排名第2,这种癌症与年龄、肥胖、烟酒等生活方式风险因子尤其有关。
  IARC统计显示全球癌症负担日益加重。2012年的癌患新增1410万人,死亡病例820万人。2022年,这两个数字各增为2000万例、970万例。IARC预估,2050年新增癌症病例数恐逾3500万,比2022年数字多了77%;死于癌症人数将逾1800万,比2022年多了将近1倍。
  IARC强调,全球癌症负担加重,对各国造成的影响却不平均。以百分比来看,贫穷国家2050年新增病例数估暴升142%,死亡率更将翻倍;中等发展国家,病例增幅约99%。以病例数来看,新增癌患数量最多的会是最富有的高度开发国家,2050年新增估480万例。
  IARC警告,全球癌症负担快速增长,好几个危险因子与社会经济发展有关。烟草、酒精、肥胖都是导致癌症发生率上升的关键因子,空污仍是环境风险因子的主要驱动力。
 
 
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