Today, tomorrow, learn English naturally. 天天自然学英语
8-hour time-restricted eating linked to a 91% higher risk of cardiovascular death
The research authors have shared their full poster presentation for updated details about their research abstract. Please see the digital file attached, under additional resources below, for these details.
The most current statistics, reviewed and confirmed by the research authors, are in the poster (please see the digital file attached, under additional resources below) and the news release.
As noted in all American Heart Association scientific meetings news releases, research abstracts are considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Research Highlights:
A study of over 20,000 adults found that those who followed an 8-hour time-restricted eating schedule, a type of intermittent fasting, had a 91% higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease.
People with heart disease or cancer also had an increased risk of cardiovascular death.
Compared with a standard schedule of eating across 12-16 hours per day, limiting food intake to less than 8 hours per day was not associated with living longer.
CHICAGO, March 18, 2024 — An analysis of over 20,000 U.S. adults found that people who limited their eating across less than 8 hours per day, a time-restricted eating plan, were more likely to die from cardiovascular disease compared to people who ate across 12-16 hours per day, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Association’s Epidemiology and Prevention│Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Scientific Sessions 2024, March 18- 21, in Chicago. The meeting offers the latest science on population-based health and wellness and implications for lifestyle.
Time-restricted eating, a type of intermittent fasting, involves limiting the hours for eating to a specific number of hours each day, which may range from a 4- to 12-hour time window in 24 hours. Many people who follow a time-restricted eating diet follow a 16:8 eating schedule, where they eat all their foods in an 8-hour window and fast for the remaining 16 hours each day, the researchers noted. Previous research has found that time-restricted eating improves several cardiometabolic health measures, such as blood pressure, blood glucose and cholesterol levels.
“Restricting daily eating time to a short period, such as 8 hours per day, has gained popularity in recent years as a way to lose weight and improve heart health,” said senior study author Victor Wenze Zhong, Ph.D., a professor and chair of the department of epidemiology and biostatistics at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in Shanghai, China. “However, the long-term health effects of time-restricted eating, including risk of death from any cause or cardiovascular disease, are unknown.”
In this study, researchers investigated the potential long-term health impact of following an 8-hour time-restricted eating plan. They reviewed information about dietary patterns for participants in the annual 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in comparison to data about people who died in the U.S., from 2003 through December 2019, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Death Index database.
The analysis found:
People who followed a pattern of eating all of their food across less than 8 hours per day had a 91% higher risk of death due to cardiovascular disease.
The increased risk of cardiovascular death was also seen in people living with heart disease or cancer.
Among people with existing cardiovascular disease, an eating duration of no less than 8 but less than 10 hours per day was also associated with a 66% higher risk of death from heart disease or stroke.
Time-restricted eating did not reduce the overall risk of death from any cause.
An eating duration of more than 16 hours per day was associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality among people with cancer.
“We were surprised to find that people who followed an 8-hour, time-restricted eating schedule were more likely to die from cardiovascular disease. Even though this type of diet has been popular due to its potential short-term benefits, our research clearly shows that, compared with a typical eating time range of 12-16 hours per day, a shorter eating duration was not associated with living longer,” Zhong said.
“It’s crucial for patients, particularly those with existing heart conditions or cancer, to be aware of the association between an 8-hour eating window and increased risk of cardiovascular death. Our study’s findings encourage a more cautious, personalized approach to dietary recommendations, ensuring that they are aligned with an individual’s health status and the latest scientific evidence,” he continued. “Although the study identified an association between an 8-hour eating window and cardiovascular death, this does not mean that time-restricted eating caused cardiovascular death.”
Study details and background:
The study included approximately 20,000 adults in the U.S. with an average age of 49 years.
Study participants were followed for a median length of 8 years and maximum length of 17 years.
The study included data for NHANES participants who were at least 20 years old at enrollment, between 2003-2018, and had completed two 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires within the first year of enrollment.
Approximately half of the participants self-identified as men, and half self-identified as women. 73.3% of the participants self-identified as non-Hispanic white adults, 11% self-identified as Hispanic adults, 8% self-identified as non-Hispanic Black adults and 6.9% of adults self-identified as another racial category, including mixed-race adults and adults of other non-Hispanic races.
The study’s limitations included its reliance on self-reported dietary information, which may be affected by participant’s memory or recall and may not accurately assess typical eating patterns. Factors that may also play a role in health, outside of daily duration of eating and cause of death, were not included in the analysis.
Future research may examine the biological mechanisms that underly the associations between a time-restricted eating schedule and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and whether these findings are similar for people who live in other parts of the world, the authors noted.
“Overall, this study suggests that time-restricted eating may have short-term benefits but long-term adverse effects. When the study is presented in its entirety, it will be interesting and helpful to learn more of the details of the analysis,” said Christopher D. Gardner, Ph.D., FAHA, the Rehnborg Farquhar Professor of Medicine at Stanford University in Stanford, California, and chair of the writing committee for the Association’s 2023 scientific statement, Popular Dietary Patterns: Alignment with American Heart Association 2021 Dietary Guidance.
“One of those details involves the nutrient quality of the diets typical of the different subsets of participants. Without this information, it cannot be determined if nutrient density might be an alternate explanation to the findings that currently focus on the window of time for eating. Second, it needs to be emphasized that categorization into the different windows of time-restricted eating was determined on the basis of just two days of dietary intake,” he said.
“It will also be critical to see a comparison of demographics and baseline characteristics across the groups that were classified into the different time-restricted eating windows – for example, was the group with the shortest time-restricted eating window unique compared to people who followed other eating schedules, in terms of weight, stress, traditional cardiometabolic risk factors or other factors associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes? This additional information will help to better understand the potential independent contribution of the short time-restricted eating pattern reported in this interesting and provocative abstract.”
Co-authors, their disclosures and funding sources are listed in the abstract.
Statements and conclusions of studies that are presented at the American Heart Association’s scientific meetings are solely those of the study authors and do not necessarily reflect the Association’s policy or position. The Association makes no representation or guarantee as to their accuracy or reliability. Abstracts presented at the Association’s scientific meetings are not peer-reviewed, rather, they are curated by independent review panels and are considered based on the potential to add to the diversity of scientific issues and views discussed at the meeting. The findings are considered preliminary until published as a full manuscript in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
The Association receives funding primarily from individuals; foundations and corporations (including pharmaceutical, device manufacturers and other companies) also make donations and fund specific Association programs and events. The Association has strict policies to prevent these relationships from influencing the science content. Revenues from pharmaceutical and biotech companies, device manufacturers and health insurance providers and the Association’s overall financial information are here.
注释：
preliminary: adj
表示"初步的；预备的"，means " coming before and introducing or preparing for sth more important"，如：They have made a preliminary investigation. 他们已经做了初步的调查。
intermittent: adj
表示" 间歇的；断断续续的"，means "stopping and starting at irregular intervals"，如：They saw the intermittent flashes from a lighthouse. 他们看见了灯塔发出一闪一灭的光。
Epidemiology: n
表示"流行病学"，means "the branch of medical science dealing with the transmission and control of disease"，如：The scene in the hospital illustrates a key challenge of molecular epidemiology. 医院的场景正说明了分子流行病学所面临的重要挑战。
Cardiometabolic: n
表示"心脏代谢"，means "cadio metabolic"，如： a cannabinoid receptor type 1 blocker for management of multiple cardio metabolic risk factors 一种处理复杂的心脏代谢危险因素的大麻素受体1阻滞剂
Hispanic: n
表示"美籍西班牙人"，means "an American whose first language is Spanish"，如：Hispanic immigration has brought more Catholics. 西班牙移民带来了更多的天主教徒。
curate: v
表示" 管理(博物馆展品等)；担任牧师"，如：He curated and arranged multi-media club events, art shows and had fiction published. 他辅助和安排了多媒体俱乐部活动和艺术表演,并且发表了自己的小说。
中文简要说明：
近年来「间歇性断食」在中国深受欢迎，此断食法提倡人们一天任选8小时内集中进食，其余时间禁食只能喝水，藉以达成塑身减重之效，不过最近有美国研究指出，每天只在8小时内进食，并遵循有时间限制的饮食计划的人，比那些遵循正常饮食计划的人，死于心血管疾病的可能性高出 91%。
「间歇性断食」意指在一个期间内进行断食与进食循环，并有多种实行方式，最常见的方法包括「168断食法」，即每天断食16小时，并将进食时间限制在8小时，或是「5：2断食法」，实施以1周为单位，5天正常饮食，可任选2天（不连续2天）做为「少吃日」，将「少吃日」的热量限制在500-600 卡以内。
近期一份在美国心脏学会（American Heart Association）研讨会上发表的研究分析了美国超过20,000名成年人的数据，发现与采用常规、非间歇性饮食的人相比，采用168饮食的人死于心血管疾病的风险增加了91%。
研究显示，对于患有心血管疾病的人来说，每天集中在8到10小时内进食，会导致心脏病或中风死亡的风险增加66%，而且间歇性断食不能降低任何原因引起的死亡风险。此外，心脏病或癌症患者进行间接性断食，死于心血管疾病的风险较高，而每天进食时间超过16小时的癌症患者的死亡风险较低。
不过该研究的作者、上海大学流行病学和生物统计学教授钟文泽也表明，「间歇性断食对健康的长期影响，包括因导致心血管疾病或其他疾病之间的关联，尚不清楚」，他补充，对于患有心脏病与癌症的患者来说，了解间歇性断食与心血管疾病的风险非常重要，他也鼓励大家参考科学证据，采取更谨慎、个人化的饮食建议方法，「虽然间歇性断食与心血管死亡之间存在关联，但这不代表间歇性断食必然导致心血管疾病。」
留言微信公众号《自然学英语LearnNaturally》，可咨询更多！