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Du Fu, with the courtesy name of Zimei, was
a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was jointly known as "Li
Du" along with Li Bai and held a crucial position in Chinese literary
history. He was born in the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianyuan era (712
AD) and passed away in the fifth year of Emperor Daizong's Dali era (770 AD).
Throughout his life, he experienced the glorious period of the High Tang
Dynasty and the turmoil after the An Lushan Rebellion. His poems deeply
reflected this era's transformation and were titled "the poetry of
history".
Du Fu originated from a family with a long
line of officials. He received a fine Confucian education in his early years
and showed extraordinary literary talent from a young age. In his youth, he
traveled widely and befriended many scholars and writers, including Li Bai and
Gao Shi. This period of life provided rich materials and inspiration for his
creations.
Du Fu's path to the imperial examination
was not smooth. Despite his reputation for talent, he repeatedly failed the
examinations and only obtained a minor official position in his later years.
The outbreak of the An Lushan Rebellion completely altered Du Fu's life
trajectory. He personally witnessed the carnage and social unrest brought about
by the war, and these experiences were deeply engraved in his heart, becoming
the most solemn part of his poetry.
Du Fu's poems, with their profound and
extensive ideological content and exquisite artistic techniques, presented a
historical panorama of the Tang Dynasty's transition from prosperity to
decline. He was respected as the "Poet-Saint" by later generations.
His works can be roughly divided into the early and later stages. In the early
period, his poems mostly expressed his personal aspirations, travel
experiences, and love for nature; in the later period, he focused more on
social reality, reflecting the hardships of the people and directly exposing
the heavy disasters brought to the common people by the war, demonstrating the
poet's deep love and strong sense of social responsibility.
Du Fu's poetic style is solemn and
forceful, with concise language, sincere emotions, and precise form. He
inherited and developed the fine traditions of Han and Wei yuefu and Du
Shenyan, and absorbed the essence of the poetry from the Six Dynasties and the
early Tang Dynasty, forming his unique artistic style. Du Fu's poetry had a
profound impact on later generations. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many
scholars regarded him as a model for learning, exerting a far-reaching
influence on the creation of poetry in Chinese literature and even in the
cultural circle of East Asia.
Du Fu's life was a life interwoven with
outstanding talent and ill fortune. His poetry was not only an expression of
personal emotions but also a true portrayal of the changing times. Through his
works, we can not only feel the spiritual journey of a great poet but also
glimpse the historical vicissitudes of that era.
杜甫，字子美，唐朝伟大的现实主义诗人，与李白并称“李杜”，在中国文学史上占据着举足轻重的地位。他生于唐玄宗先天元年（公元712年），逝于代宗大历五年（公元770年），一生经历了盛唐的辉煌与安史之乱后的动荡，他的诗歌深刻反映了这一时代的变迁，被誉为“诗史”。
杜甫出身于一个世代为官的家庭，早年受过良好的儒家教育，自幼便显露出非凡的文学才华。年轻时，他游历四方，结交了许多文人墨客，包括李白、高适等，这一时期的生活为他的创作积累了丰富的素材与灵感。
杜甫的科举之路并不顺利，虽有才名却屡试不第，直到晚年才得到微小的官职。安史之乱的爆发彻底改变了杜甫的人生轨迹，他亲身经历了战争带来的生灵涂炭和社会动荡，这些经历深深烙印在他的心中，成为其诗歌中最为沉重的部分。
杜甫的诗歌以其深沉博大的思想内容、精湛的艺术手法，展现了唐代由盛转衰的历史画卷，被后人尊为“诗圣”。他的作品大致可分为前期与后期，前期诗歌多表现个人抱负、游历见闻及对自然的热爱；后期则更多地关注社会现实，反映人民疾苦，直接揭露了战乱给普通民众带来的深重灾难，体现了诗人深厚的仁爱之心和强烈的社会责任感。
杜甫的诗风沉郁顿挫，语言精炼，情感真挚，形式上工整严谨，内容上博大精深。他继承并发扬了汉魏乐府和杜审言的优良传统，又吸收了六朝及初唐诗歌的精华，形成了自己独特的艺术风格。杜甫的诗歌对后世影响巨大，明清两代更有众多文人将其视为学习的典范，对中国文学乃至东亚文化圈的诗歌创作产生了深远影响。
杜甫的一生，是才华横溢与命运多舛交织的一生，他的诗歌不仅仅是个人情感的抒发，更是时代风云的真实写照。通过他的笔触，我们不仅能感受到一个伟大诗人的心路历程，更能窥见那个时代的历史沧桑。
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