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前言：明天是农历三月初三，我国一个非常的古老的节日“上巳节”。今天就跟大家分享一下跟这个节日有关的文化传统。
The Shangsi Festival
originated from ancient purification rituals called "Fúxì" and river
god worship customs.
上巳节，源自古代的祓禊（fú xì）与河神祭祀习俗。
"Fúxì" was an
ancient Chinese ceremony where people would gather by the water on specific
days to wash their bodies, especially their hands and faces, sometimes even
their clothes and utensils, to cleanse away misfortune and bad luck from the past
year.
“祓禊”是中国古代一种在特定时节进行的仪式，人们聚集到水边，以清水洗涤身体，特别是手、脸等部位，有时也会洗涤衣物或器皿，通过这种方式来祓除一年中的不祥与晦气。
"Shangsi" comes
from the traditional Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches chronology. In
the lunar calendar, there are three "Sì days" each month – the first Sì,
middle Sì, and last Sì, corresponding to different "Sì days" within
the month. "Shangsi" refers to the first Sì day during the third
lunar month (usually around April in the solar calendar).
“上巳”来源于中国古代的天干地支计时法。在中国传统的农历中，每月有“三巳”之日，分别是初巳、中巳和下巳，分别对应一个月内的三个“巳日”。而“上巳”指的就是农历三月（通常对应阳历的四月前后）的第一个巳日。
Ancient people believed
that Sì days held special cleansing and purifying powers. On the Shangsi day in
March, when spring brings about new life and pleasant weather, it was
considered an ideal time to perform the Fúxì ritual.
古人认为，巳日具有特殊的洁净和祛邪的意义，尤其是三月的“上巳日”，此时正值春季万物复苏，气候宜人，适合进行祓禊（fú xì）仪式。
So, they chose a specific
spring day to go to rivers, lakes, or lakeshores to conduct the Fúxì ceremony.
They washed themselves to ward off bad luck and illness, and also worshipped
the river god, praying for favorable weather, abundant rainfall, and bountiful
harvests. This custom is clearly recorded in "The Rites of Zhou" and
has been carried on through generations.
于是，他们选定春日特定之日，到江河湖畔举行祓禊仪式，洗涤身体以除晦气、避疾病，同时祭祀河神，祈求风调雨顺、五谷丰登。此习俗在《周礼》中有明确记载，后世沿袭。
During the Han Dynasty, the
Shangsi Festival became an officially designated national holiday. The emperor
would lead his ministers to the water's edge to participate in large-scale
purification ceremonies, accompanied by celebratory feasting and other
festivities.
至汉代，上巳节被确立为国家法定节日，皇帝会率群臣至水边举行大规模祓禊，伴有宴饮等庆祝活动。
From the Wei and Jin
Dynasties onwards, the Shangsi Festival became fixed on the 3rd day of the 3rd
month of the lunar calendar, known as "Chong San" or "San Yue
San." During this time, the festival transformed from a simple ritual into
a joyful occasion for the whole nation to go on spring outings, enjoy picnics,
and engage in various activities such as floating cups on meandering waters,
tug-of-war, and Cuju (a traditional Chinese ball game).
魏晋之后，上巳节日期固定在农历三月初三，被称为“重三”或“三月三”。此时，节日从单纯的祭祀仪式演变为全民春游踏青、宴饮聚会的欢乐时光。士人百姓纷纷结伴出游，举行曲水流觞、拔河、蹴鞠等游戏。
After the Tang Dynasty, the
customs of the Shangsi Festival became even more diverse, including activities
such as inserting willow branches, flying kites, and swinging on swings.
The religious significance of the festival gradually faded away, and its focus
shifted towards social entertainment and a closer connection with nature.
唐代以后，上巳节的民俗活动进一步丰富，如插柳、放风筝、荡秋千等，节日的宗教色彩逐渐淡出，更突出其社交娱乐与亲近自然的功能。
During the Ming and Qing
Dynasties, as the Qingming Festival became the main spring sacrifice festival,
some of the functions of the Shangsi Festival, such as ancestral worship and
tomb sweeping, were absorbed by Qingming. However, purification rituals and
spring outings are still preserved in some regions, although their influence is
not as widespread as in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
进入明清时期，随着清明节成为春祭主节，上巳节的部分功能如祭祀祖先、扫墓等被清明节吸纳，祓禊、踏青等习俗在部分地区仍得以保留，但影响力已不及唐宋时期广泛。
In modern times, while the Shangsi
Festival is not widely celebrated as a public holiday, its spirit of embracing
nature and pursuing physical and mental health, as well as customs like spring
outings and water-related activities, are still passed down and experienced by
certain groups of people in various forms. Despite the changes in time, the
cultural value and humanistic spirit embodied by the Shangsi Festival remain
significant and worthy of our respect and preservation.
现代生活中，上巳节虽未作为普遍庆祝的节日，但其蕴含的崇尚自然、追求身心健康的精神内涵，以及春游、亲水等习俗，仍被部分人群以各种形式传承和体验。尽管时代变迁，上巳节所承载的文化价值与人文精神仍具有深远意义，值得我们尊重与传承。
说明：文中部分图片来源于网络，如有侵权，请联系删除。
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