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The courtyard house, known as
"Si he yuan" in Chinese, is a typical representation of traditional
residential architecture in China. It embodies the wisdom of ancient Chinese
construction and the essence of Confucian culture, serving as a microcosm of
thousands of years of living civilization of the Chinese nation. It is not just
a form of dwelling, but also a cultural symbol carrying profound historical
memories and family ethics.
四合院是中国传统住宅建筑的典型代表，凝聚了中国古代建筑智慧与儒家文化精髓，是中华民族几千年居住文明的缩影。它不仅是一种居住形态，更是一种文化符号，承载着深厚的历史记忆和家族伦理观念。
Layout and Structure of the Courtyard House
四合院的布局与结构
As the name suggests, the courtyard house
consists of four sides of buildings enclosing a central courtyard. Its basic
layout involves facing north and south, with the main house located in the
north, flanked by side rooms on the east and west, and additional rooms in the
south, often used as guest rooms or storage spaces. The courtyard serves as the
central space for family activities, offering ample sunlight, ventilation, and
a private area for planting flowers, raising fish, and enjoying the scenery.
四合院，顾名思义，由四面房屋围合而成，中间形成一个封闭的庭院。它的基本格局是坐北朝南，北房、东西厢房和南房围绕着中庭布局，形成“口”字形或两个“口”字相连的“日”字形。北房通常为正房，供家中长辈居住，东西厢房则用于子女或仆人的住所，南房多作客房或杂物间。庭院作为家庭活动的中心，既便于采光通风，又利于家庭成员之间的交流，同时也是种植花草、养鱼赏景的私密空间。
Architectural Features and Decorative Art
建筑特色与装饰艺术
The architectural features of the courtyard
house lie in its intricate wooden structure, roofs with upturned eaves, and
exquisite carvings on doors and windows. The wooden structure, using mortise
and tenon joints without the use of nails, demonstrates the exceptional
craftsmanship of ancient artisans. The roofs are typically covered with gray
tiles, and the ridges often feature decorative patterns symbolizing
auspiciousness. The carvings on doors and windows showcase a combination of
auspicious plants and animals as well as meaningful classical stories, making
them not only visually appealing but also culturally meaningful.
四合院的建筑特色体现在其精巧的木构架结构、飞檐翘角的屋顶以及精致的门窗雕刻上。木构架采用榫卯结构，无需钉子，展现了古代匠人的高超技艺。屋顶多为灰瓦覆盖，屋脊上常有吉祥图案的装饰。门窗上雕刻的图案既有象征吉祥的动植物，也有寓意深远的古典故事，既美观又富有文化内涵。
明天我们继续说四合院（下），欢迎继续关注。
说明：文中部分图片来源于网络，如有侵权，请联系删除。
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