直接引语
&
间接引语
Grammar
✅本节内容：
直接引语和间接引语转换
➡️如何区分二者
➡️人称如何变化
➡️时态如何变化
➡️指示代词/时间地点状语如何变化
➡️陈述句，疑问句，特殊疑问句如何变化
直接引语&间接引语
一、认识直接引语和间接引语
直接引语：说话人直接引用别人的原话，要打引号
间接引语：说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来，不用打引号。间接引语大多数时候以宾语从句的形式出现。
Tom said," I'm afraid that I can't catch the train."
Tom said that he was afraid that he couldn't catch the train.
四个变化
【人称/时态/状语/语序】
一、人称变化
总结：
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变化
✅1.一随主
➡️直接引语中的第一人称根据间接引语中的主语作相应的变化
如：
She said, "I love swimming very much."
She said that she loved swimming very much.
她说她非常喜欢游泳。
He said, " We will go to school next Monday."
He said that they would go to school next Monday.
他说他们下星期也将去上学。
✅2.二随宾
➡️直接引语中的第二人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化
如：
Tom asked me, “Are you a teacher? ”
Tom asked me if I was a teacher.
汤姆问我是否是一名老师。
✅3.第三人称不变化
➡️直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中不发生变化
如：
Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”
Bill said that she was his elder sister.
比尔说她是他的姐姐。
二、时态变化
✍
总结如下：
Sophie said," I often get up at 7 o'clock."
Sophie said that she often got up at 7 o'clock.
苏菲说她经常是7点起床。
My mother answered," I am watching movies at the theatre."
My mother answered that she was watching movies at the theater.
我妈妈回答到她正在电影院看电影。
Anna said ，"I have been in Chongqing for 10 years."
And said that she had been in Chongqing for 10 years.
安娜说她在重庆已经待了10年了。
Lucy told me，" I had a hot pot with my boyfriend last night."
Lucy told me that she had had a hot pot with her boyfriend the night before .
露西告诉我，她昨晚和她男朋友吃了火锅。
Tom said，" I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow ."
Tom said that he would meet me at the school gate tomorrow the day after.
汤姆说他明天早晨会和我在学校门口碰面。
三、指示代词，时间/地点状语变化
⏺️指示代词：
this ➡️ that
these ➡️ those
⏺️地点状语：
here ➡️ there
⏺️时间状语：
now ➡️then
today ➡️ that day
tonight ➡️ that night
this week ➡️ that week
yeasterday ➡️ the day before
last week ➡️ the week before
ago ➡️ before
tomorrow ➡️ the day after
next week ➡️ the week next
⚠️⚠️⚠️
还要记住：
come ➡️ go
bring ➡️ take
四、语序变化
【1】如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that，但在口语中通常省略，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化
如：
Betty said, “I am going to buy a bike tomorrow. ”
Betty said (that) she was going to buy a bike the next day.
贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。
【2】如果间接引语是一般疑问句，要用连词whether或if引导，后面用陈述语序，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化
如：
The teacher asked me, “Can you swim? ”
The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim.
老师问我是否会游泳。
【3】如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，要用相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when等引导，助动词do, does或did要舍弃，并把疑问语序改为陈述语序
My father asked ，" How do you go to the museum?"
My father asked me how I go to the museum.
My teacher asked ，"Where did you go?"
My teacher asked me where I went.
【4】如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时多用“名词（代词）+不定式”结构，否定句在to前面加not; 引述动词常用ask“请求”，tell“告诉”，order“命令”等
“Please sit down. ” Miss Zhou said to me.
→Miss Zhou asked me to sit down.
周老师请我坐下。
“Don’t make any noise. ”my mother told us.
→My mother told us not to make any noise.
妈妈告诉我们别出声。
练习
一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. “I never eat meat,” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me,” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five,” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there.
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
参考答案：
1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his
3. she, had, taken 4. rises, goes
5. told, had, before 6. had, there
7. had, before 8. asked, if ,before
9. told, could 10. how, she, had
11. where, I, had, those
12. if/ whether, I, lived
二、单选题
1. He asked ________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _________.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
3. Can you tell me ________?
A. how good is his spoken English B. how well his spoken English is
C. how well he speaks English D. how good he can speak English
4. He said that he had bought the jacket ________.
A. before three days B. three days before C. three days ago D. last week
5. Did you say_________?
A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he said
C. what did he say was true D. what he said it was true
6. Please tell me ________ from.
A. where do you come B. where you come C. where you will come D. there you come
7. Ask her ________ come with us.
A. if she willB. if or not she will C. that if she willD. whether will she
8. She said what a lovely day it _________.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
9. —What did she ask you?
—________ she could get to the zoo.
A. Why B. That C. Where D. How
10. John _______ me he was going to help me with my English.
A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said
11. —Mother，the boy is very naughty.
—What did the girl say just now?
—She ________very naughty.
A．said her mother that the boy was B．said to her mother that the boy is
C．told her mother that the boy was D．spoke to her mother that the boy was
12. —Fred, you’ve already got well，haven’t you?
(No answer.)
—Fred, Mrs. White asked ________.
A．if you have already got well, hadn’t you B．whether you had already got well
C．have I already got well D．had I already got well
13. Looking at me up and down, he asked me________.
A．am I a music teacher or a singer B．was I a music teacher or a singer
C．whether I was a music teacher or a singer D．whether was I a music teacher or a singer
14. The young man asked me ________ with me.
A．what the matter is B．what the matter was
C．what’s the matter D．what was the matter
15. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.
A．how would I like B．if or not would I like
C．whether I would like D．which I would like
参考答案：
1. D。间接引语（宾语从句）要用陈述句语序，而且用疑问词引导，所以选D。
2. D。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C；表示外面与某事有关系的，不知男女的人一般用it，所以选D。
3. C。宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除A；well作形容词时表示“身体好的”，“他的英语口语好”应该用good，排除B；修饰动词speak，要用副词well，排除D，所以选C。
4. B。间接引语表示“一段时间之前”用before，而不用ago，所以选B。选项A是错误表达；last week 意思是“上周”，在间接引语中用the week before，意思为“前一周”。
5. A。what he said是主语从句，是was true的主语，而that引出陈述句变成的间接引语。所以选A。
6. B。根据句意，宾语从句是特殊疑问句变来的，应该用where引导；宾语从句用陈述语序，而表示某人来自于某处这种经常性的状态，多用一般现在时，所以选B。
7. A。从ask可知宾语从句时一般疑问句变来的，用if引导；whether or not中的whether不能用if替换；排除B；宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除D。
8. B。主句谓语是said，用相应的过去时，要把直接引语中的一般现在时改为一般过去时。
9. D。从上下文可以推测答语是省略了She said的间接引语，从句意可知，缺少引导词how。因为是问句，不用that（引导直接引语是陈述句变来的间接引语）。
10. C。say，explain和speak接“某人”时，一般要加to，所以选told，因为told可以接双宾语，即tell sb. to do sth.
11. C。注意say，tell和speak的区别：say是及物动词，但只能用说出的话作其宾语，即say to sb.sth.；speak是不及物动词，即speak to sb. about sth.；tell是及物动词，可接双宾语，即tell sb.sth.。另外，还要注意时态对应。
12. B。反意疑问句变为间接引语时，要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。
13. C。此句所问的话应该是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，要变成whether... or not。另外，还要注意时态对应和陈述句语序。
14. D。注意该题时态的一致。what’s the matter/wrong with句型中，what作主语，the matter/wrong作表语，因此作为宾语从句时还是这样的顺序，而非选项B。
15. C。宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A；whether or not中的whether不能用if替换；排除B；which引导宾语从句意为“哪一个”，不符合题意。
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