反义疑问句
Grammar
✅本节内容:
反义疑问句
➡️什么是反义疑问句
➡️句子应该如何反问(步骤)
➡️关于 there be 句型的反义疑问句
➡️反义疑问句的特殊情况有哪些
➡️祈使句的反意疑问句怎么问
【讲语法部分,会有点枯燥。但反义疑问句在英语专四考试中都还是一个考点。对应初中,初二或者初三会学习到反义疑问句】
反义疑问句
一、认识反义疑问句
反义疑问句:The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags,全称是反义附加疑问句。它表示提问人对其看法没有把握,需要对方证实。
组成:陈述句+疑问句
➡️前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句
原则:前肯后否,前否后肯
➡️陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式
➡️陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式
如:
It is a nice day, isn't it?
今天天气真好,对吧?
They work very hard, don't they?
他们工作很努力,是吧?
如何变反义疑问句
【3步骤】
一、反义疑问句规则
总结:
前肯后否,前否后肯
前后人称,时态一致
✅1.前肯后否
➡️陈述句部分是肯定句,疑问部分用否定形式
如: Anna has a blue dress, doesn't she?
安娜有一条蓝色的连衣裙,不是吗?
【这时疑问部分就不能用does she❎】
✅2.前否后肯
➡️陈述部分是否定句,疑问部分用肯定形式。
如:
Tom isn't having a meeting,is he?
汤姆没有在开会,对吧?
【这时疑问部分就不能用,isn't he❎】
✅3.人称时态一致
➡️陈述部分和疑问部分 ,人称和时态前后是一致的。
如:Anna has a blue dress, doesn't she?
【陈述部分主语是Anna,这是一个女性名字,单数,所以疑问部分的人称用的是she,不是he或者they❎】
【陈述部分的谓语是has,一般现在时,所以疑问部分助动词用的是does,不是did❎】
Tom isn't having a meeting,is he?
【陈述部分主语是Tom,这是一个男性名字,单数,所以疑问句部分的人称用的是he】
【陈述部分的谓语是isn't having,现在进行时,所以疑问部分助动词用is,不是was❎】
✅关于反义疑问句的回答
⚠️⚠️⚠️
当然看到这里你不仅会疑问,那疑问部分的动词应该怎么使用呢?接着往下看。
二、变反义疑问句步骤
✍
总结如下:
✅1.找动词
定位到陈述部分句子中的谓语动词,可能是be动词,情态动词,实义动词等,总结如下:
➡️当陈述句的谓语是be动词,情态动词,助动词时,疑问部分也用这些动词,可以通用翻译为“不是吗”的意思。
如:
She is a nice girl,isn't she?
她是个好女孩,不是吗?
It wasn't fine yesterday, was it?
昨天天气不好,不是吗?
I haven't seen you for three months,have I?
我三个月都没见你了,不是吗?
He will go to school tomorrow, won't he?
他明天将去上学,不是吗?
The children can swim,can't they?
孩子们会游泳,不是吗?
➡️当陈述句的谓语是实义动词,原形疑问部分用do,三单疑问部分用does, 过去式疑问部分用did
如:
They love playing chess very much, don't they?
他们非常喜欢下棋,不是吗?
He goes to school by bicycle every day, doesn't he?
他每天骑自行车去学校,不是吗?
Last weekend,Lily and Sophie traveled to Jiu Zaigou together , didn't they?
上周末莉莉和苏菲一起去九寨沟旅游了,不是吗?
✍浅浅练习一下:
Tom has a meeting,____ ____?
You had a meeting,____ ____?
Sophie is having a meeting,____ ____?
Lucy won't have a meeting,____ ____?
You can make a kite,____ ____?
The boy doesn't finish his homework, ____ ____?
Mike tells a lie, ____ ____?
They should take an umbrella with them,____ ____?
答案:
doesn't he
didn't you
isn't she
will she
can't you
does he
doesn't he
shouldn't they
✅2.判断前肯后否和前否后肯
(1)陈述句部分没有表示否定意义的词汇,肯定和否定形式易于判断
(2)陈述句部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom,nobody, nothing, no one, none, neither等否定意义的词时,疑问问句部分用肯定形式。
如:
Miss White said nothing,did she?
怀特老师没说什么,是吗?
【疑问句部分不能用,didn't she】
She never tells a lie, does she?
她从不说谎,是吗?
He was seldom late, was he?
他几乎不迟到,是吗?
He is hardly able to walk, is he?
他几乎不会走路,是吗?
(3)当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,(也就是有un-, dis-,im-前缀、less-后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词),当做肯定句处理,反意疑问句依然用否定形式。
如:
It is unfair, isn't it?
这不公平,不是吗?
My mother was unhappy yeasterday, wasn't she?
我妈妈昨天不开心,不是吗?
She is such an impolite girl, isn't she?
她是一个如此没有礼貌的女孩,是吗?
My mother disagrees with this decision, doesn't she?
我妈妈不同意这个决定,对吗?
Sophie dislikes coffee,doesn't she?
苏菲不喜欢喝咖啡,对吧?
This method is useless, isn't it?
这个方法不管用,是吗?
✅3.定主语
(1)基本原则
疑问部分的主语与陈述部分的主语一致,且只能是代词
(2)there be句型
陈述部分为there be句型时,疑问部分的主语还是“there”
如:
There is a book on the desk, isn't there?
桌子上有一本书,不是吗?
There are two pens in the pencil box,aren't there?
文具盒里有两只钢笔,对吗?
There was nothing in the box,was there?
盒子里面什么都没有, 是吗?
(3)指示代词
陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it;
陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。
如:
This is a plane, isn't it?
这是一架飞机,是吗?
These are cakes,aren't they?
这些是蛋糕,是吗?
That is a monkey, isn't it?
那是一只猴子,是吗?
Those are school bags, aren't they?
那些是书包,是吗?
(4)不定代词【物】
陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时,问句部分的主语用it。
如:
Something is wrong with the TV, isn’t it?
电视有问题了,是吗?
Nothing has happened to them, has it?
他们什么事也没发生,是吗?
Everything goes well with you,doesn't it?
你一切都安好,是吗?
Everything is ready for the party, isn't it?
聚会一切都准备好了,是吗?
(5)不定代词【人】
陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone), none, neither时,问句部分的主语用he或 they
Nobody was late for the class, weren't they?
上课没有人一个人迟到,对吗?
Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
有人已经坐了位置,是吗?
⚠️⚠️特殊
陈述部分为I am……时,问句部分习惯上用aren’t I?
如:
I am a warm- hearted girl, aren't I?
我是一个热心肠的女孩,不是吗?
三、反义疑问句的特殊情况
✅(1)关于【have】
➡️have 表“有”时,反义疑问句谓语动词用have/do/does都行
如:
He has a new car, doesn’t/hasn’t he?
Anna has few friends here, has/does she?
➡️have表“吃,喝,玩,度过,举办”等是,反义疑问句谓语动词用do/does
如:
She had a birthday party last weekend, didn't she?
她上周末举办了生日宴会,是吗?
You have a cup of coffee with Lily, don't you?
你和莉莉喝了一杯咖啡,是吗?
Your parents had a wonderful time in the countryside, didn't they?
你父母在乡下玩得很愉快,对吗?
➡️have to表“不得不,必须”时,反义疑问句谓语动词用do/does
如:
Lucy has to look after her sister, doesn't she?
露西不得不照顾她妹妹,是吗?
You have to go home before 10 o'clock, don't you?
你必须在10点前回家,是吗?
➡️had better表“最好”时,反义疑问句谓语动词用had
We had better tell her the truth, hadn't we?
我们最好告诉他实情,可以吗?
➡️have用在现在完成时/过去完成时中,反义疑问句谓语动词用have/had
如:
Anna has been in Chong Qing for 10 years, hasn't she?
安娜已经在重庆待了10年了,对吗?
✅(2)关于【must】
➡️mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”时,附加问句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you?
你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
You mustn't smoke,must you?
你禁止抽烟,明白吗?
➡️must表示"必须""必要"时,附加问句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?
➡️当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
He must be good at English, isn’t he?
他英语一定学得很好,是吗?
She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she?
她一定是位优秀的英语老师,是吗?
You must tell your parents the good news, don't you?
你一定跟你父母讲这个好消息,好吗?
✅(3)关于【祈使句】
➡️若为let’s开头,反问句用shall we?
Let’s go home together, shall we?
让我们一起回家,好吗?
Let's go hiking together ,shall we?
让我们一起去徒步,好吗?
➡️若为let us/me开头 和否定祈使句,都用will you?
Let us stop to rest, will you?
让我们停下休息,好吗?
Let me help you, will you?
让我来帮帮你,好吗?
Don’t make any noise, will you?
别弄出噪音,好吗?
Don't be disappointed, will you?
不要失望,好吗?
➡️肯定祈使句则用will you 或won’t you 都行
Do sit down, won’t you? / will you?
请坐,好吗?
Come in please ,will you?/won't you?
请进,好吗?
You feed the bird today, will you?
今天你喂鸟,是吗?
Please open the window, will you? (won’t you?)
打开窗,好吗?
✅(4)关于【从句】
陈述部分是主从复合句时,反义疑问句主语常与主句主语一致。
She said she would come tomorrow, didn’t she?
She is unhappy that she does badly in the exam, isn't she?
He never said that he was good at violin,did he?
【补充】但主句主语为第一人称I/We,谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, expect等时,反义疑问句主语常与从句主语一致,并注意否定前移。
I think that he is a good student, isn’t he?
I think that you are right, aren't you?
We don’t think that you are right, are you?
We don't believe that he is a thief, is he?
I don't believe he studies hard, does he?
练习
一、填空题
1. They aren’t students ________?
2. There is a book on the table, ________?
3. His brother is a solider, ________?
4. Lucy and her parents will come to China, ________?
5. My daughter can’t swim, ________?
6. Li Lei lives in this city, ________?
7. They watched TV last Sunday, ________?
8. He has never been to New York, ________?
9. She knows little about English, ________?
10. There is nothing in the room, ________?
11. Nobody came to see him, ________?
12. Nothing can stop him from going there, ________?
13. Let’s go to school, ________?
14. I don’t believe she knows it, ________?
15. He never said he could come, ________?
16. You have no classes on Sunday, ________?
17. Dogs can run faster than hens, ________?
18. You need a new bike, ________?
19. He speaks neither English nor fepanese, ________?
20. He can hardly believe it, ________?
答案:
1. are they 2. isn’t there 3. isn’t he 4. won’t they 5. can she 6. doesn’t she 7. didn’t they 8. has he 9. does she 10. is there 11. did they 12. can it 13. shall we 14. does she 15. did he 16. do you 17. can’t they 18. don’t you 19. doesn’t he 20. can he
二、单选题
1.---He hardly spent any time on his subjects, ________?
---________, so he does badly in his lessons.
A .didn’t he, Yes B. did he, Yes
C. didn’t he, No D. did he, No
2.He’s read this book before, ?
A. hasn’t he B. doesn’t he
C. isn’t he D. wasn’t he
3.– Let’s go for a walk, ______?
-- OK, I’m coming . Don’t forget to bring your camera, ______?
A. will you; will you B. will you; shall we
C. shall we; shall we D. shall we; will you
4.John had a short walk after lunch, ________?
A. did he B. didn't he C. had he D. hadn't he
5. Nancy hardly rings you up, ___________?
A. doesn’t she B. does she
C. doesn’t Nancy D. does Nancy
6.---Your brother often disagrees with you, _______ he ?
--- _______. We often have different opinions.
A.does; Yes B. doesn’t ;Yes
C. does; No D. doesn’t; No
7.Kate’s never late for school, ?
A.isn’t sheB.hasn’the
C.is sheD.has she
答案:
1.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:他几乎不在功课上花费时间,是吗?是,所以他功课很差。前面有hardly表否定,所以反义疑问句用肯定的,排除A、C,根据后面的答句说他课程学得很差,表示他几乎不学习,所以选No,表示不学习的意思。
考点: 考查反意疑问句。
2.A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:以前他已经读过这本书了,不是吗?因为前面的缩写代表的是has,反意疑问句,前肯定,后否定,选A。
考点:考查反意疑问句.
3.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:咱们去散散步,好吗?好吧,我就来。别忘了带上你的相机,好吗?反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一,它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的。反意疑问句的基本构成形式是:陈述句+动词(肯定或否定)+主语?使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则:反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系,即:肯定+否定?否定+肯定?反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。陈述部分为Let me……时,问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。陈述部分为Let us……时,问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。陈述部分为Let’s……时,问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时,问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求,用won’t you?形式表示委婉请求或邀请陈述部分为否定祈使句时,问句部分一般用will you?形式。所以选D。
考点:考查反意疑问句。
4.B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:约翰午饭之后进行一个短途的散步,对吗?分析:考查反意疑问句的用法,前句肯定形式,反意部分用否定形式;否则反之。同时主句体现一般过去时,因此借助于does.故选 B
考点:考查反意疑问句的用法。
5.B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:南希几乎不给你打电话,是不是?此题是考查反义疑问句句的用法,因陈述部分有否定词hardly,所以简短问句应用肯定形式;同时反意疑问句中的简短问句中不能出现名词,故选B。
考点:考查反意疑问句的用法
6.B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--你的兄弟经常反对你,对吗?--是的。我们经常有不同个人意见。分析:考查反意疑问句的用法:主句肯定形式,反意部分用否定形式。因此用doesn’t; 通过答语我们有不同个人看法,所以用肯定回答。故选B
考点:考查反意疑问句的用法。
7.C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:凯特上学从来不迟到,是吗?根据never可知前面主句否定形式,故此处用肯定形式。因为谓语是is,故此处为is she。故选C。
考点:考查反义疑问句的用法。
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