To begin with., you must have a agent server or something outside.  and you can install a xray server.
In addition, you have to install the agent client on your computer or laptop. And make sure you can use it go outside website .example google.com or facebook etc.
Furthermore, You have to config your docker proxy:  maybe in /etc/docker/daemon.json {"proxies: {"http-proxy": "", "https-proxy": "", "no-proxy": ""}"}
In culmination. You need to restart your docker , maybe: systemctl restart docker

If you use proxychains4 , it's just for the direct proxy.
Docker has encapsulated the get image command,  the command can't use the proxychains4 , i can't run "sudo proxychains4 docker run hello-world " successfully.