文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：How China became a car-exporting juggernaut
原文发布时间：12 Aug. 2023
How China became a car-exporting juggernaut
Car enthusiasts tend to fall into one of two camps: those who fawn over the power and speed of German automotive engineering; and those who think Japanese cars are superior, admiring their reliability and value for money. For decades the two countries have jostled for position as the world's leading car exporter. But the pair's dominance is coming to an end. Already the world's largest car manufacturer, China is on track to overtake its rivals in exports, too.
Until just a few years ago, attempts by Chinese carmakers to expand into foreign markets had stalled. In 2015 China exported under 375,000 cars a year, fewer than India, and about as many as Germany and Japan shipped in a single month. But in around 2020, the country changed gears. In 2021 China exported nearly 1.6m cars. By 2022 it hit 2.7m. International sales are set to rev up further in 2023. Customs data show that the country shipped nearly 2m cars in the first six months of the year, or more than 10,000 a day.
The country's expertise in electric vehicles (EVs) is partly responsible for the surge in exports. For all its manufacturing might, China never mastered internal-combustion engines, which have hundreds of moving parts and are tricky to assemble. The arrival of battery-powered vehicles, which are mechanically simpler and easier to build, helped China catch up. Today battery-powered vehicles account for a fifth of car sales in China and a third of exports. In Japan and Germany only 4% and 20% of exports, respectively, are electric.
中国是如何成为汽车出口大国的
精听党背景导读
“出国上学后才发现国外有这么多中国汽车！”在新西兰留学的李琪（化名）近日向中新经纬感叹道。
据中国汽车工业协会整理的海关总署数据，今年一季度，中国在汽车出口量上已经超越了日本，成为世界第一大汽车出口国。
从汽车进口大国到出口大国，这一改变背后有哪些故事？是什么让海外消费者的钱袋子向“中国制造”敞开？
文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）作者：Unknown原文标题：How China became a car-exporting juggernaut原文发布时间：12 Aug. 2023关键词：中国 汽车 出口
精听党带着问题听
1.“物有所值”用英语可以怎么表达？2. 如何理解段一中的“fawn over”？3. 目前世界上最大的汽车生产国是哪个国家？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
How China became a car-exporting juggernaut
中国是如何成为汽车出口大国的
juggernaut
n. 巨头；大国；1. The company has become a juggernaut in the tech industry. 这家公司已经成为科技行业的巨头。
段一
Car enthusiasts tend to fall into one of two camps: those who fawn over the power and speed of German automotive engineering; and those who think Japanese cars are superior, admiring their reliability and value for money. For decades the two countries have jostled for position as the world’s leading car exporter. But the pair’s dominance is coming to an end. Already the world’s largest car manufacturer, China is on track to overtake its rivals in exports, too.
enthusiast n. 爱好者；1. The car show attracted many enthusiasts from around the world. 这场车展吸引了来自世界各地的许多爱好者。
fawn over 讨好，奉承；迷恋；1. She always fawns over her boss to get ahead at work. 她总是过分地奉承她的老板以在工作中获得成功。
superior adj.（规模或实力）更大的，更强的，(在品质上)更好的；（尤用于广告中指产品或服务）高质量的，优质的；1. Many people believe that organic food is superior to non-organic food. 许多人认为有机食品比非有机食品更优秀。
reliability n. 可靠性；1. The reliability of the product is one of its key selling points. 产品的可靠性是其主要卖点之一。
value for money 物有所值；性价比；1. This restaurant offers great value for money with its large portions and reasonable prices. 这家餐厅提供物有所值的服务，其分量大且价格合理。
jostle for 争夺；争抢；1. People in the crowd were jostling for the best positions. 这群人在竞相抢占最好的位置。
dominance n. 主导地位；1. The company’s dominance in the market is being challenged by new competitors. 该公司在市场上的主导地位正受到新竞争对手的挑战。
overtake vt. 追上， 赶上并超过（汽车或人）；（发展或增长）超越，超过；
rival n. 竞争对手；1. The two companies are rivals in the smartphone market. 这两家公司是智能手机市场的竞争对手。
参考译文
汽车爱好者倾向于分为两大阵营：一是迷恋德国汽车工程的动力和速度；另一些人则认为日本车更好，他们欣赏日本车的可靠性和性价比。几十年来，两国一直在争夺世界主要汽车出口国的地位。但这两个国家的主导地位即将结束。中国已经是世界上最大的汽车生产国，在出口方面也正在赶超其竞争对手。
段二
Until just a few years ago, attempts by Chinese carmakers to expand into foreign markets had stalled. In 2015 China exported under 375,000 cars a year, fewer than India, and about as many as Germany and Japan shipped in a single month. But in around 2020, the country changed gears. In 2021 China exported nearly 1.6m cars. By 2022 it hit 2.7m. International sales are set to rev up further in 2023. Customs data show that the country shipped nearly 2m cars in the first six months of the year, or more than 10,000 a day.
stall vi. 停滞不前；1. Negotiations between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over trade policies. 由于在贸易政策上的分歧，两国之间的谈判停滞不前。
ship vt. 运输；1. The goods were shipped from China to the United States by sea. 货物通过海运从中国运往美国。
change gears 改变方向；换挡加速；1. After years of focusing on traditional energy sources, the company changed gears and started investing in renewable energy. 在多年专注于传统能源之后，该公司改变方向，开始投资可再生能源。
rev up 加速增长；1. The economy is expected to rev up in the coming months due to government stimulus measures. 由于政府刺激措施，预计经济将在未来几个月加速增长。
参考译文
直到几年前，中国汽车制造商向海外市场扩张的努力还处于停滞状态。2015年，中国每年出口不到37.5万辆汽车，少于印度，大约相当于德国和日本一个月的出口量。但在2020年左右，中国加速了。2021年，中国出口了近160万辆汽车。到2022年，这一数字达到270万。2023年，中国汽车的国际销量将进一步加速增长。海关数据显示，今年前6个月，中国汽车出口量接近200万辆，相当于每天出口超过1万辆。
段三
The country’s expertise in electric vehicles (EVs) is partly responsible for the surge in exports. For all its manufacturing might, China never mastered internal-combustion engines, which have hundreds of moving parts and are tricky to assemble. The arrival of battery-powered vehicles, which are mechanically simpler and easier to build, helped China catch up. Today battery-powered vehicles account for a fifth of car sales in China and a third of exports. In Japan and Germany only 4% and 20% of exports, respectively, are electric.
expertise n. 专长，专门技能（知识）；1. She has a lot of expertise in the field of computer science. 她在计算机科学领域拥有很多专业知识。
might n. 强大力量，威力；
master vt. 精通；1. He has mastered several languages and can speak them fluently. 他精通几种语言，并能流利地说它们。
internal-combustion engines 内燃机；1. Internal-combustion engines are commonly used in cars and trucks. 内燃机常用于汽车和卡车。
tricky adj. 棘手的；1. The problem is tricky and will require some careful thought to solve. 这个问题很棘手，需要仔细思考才能解决。
battery-powered vehicles 电池驱动的车辆；电动汽车；1. Battery-powered vehicles are becoming more popular due to their environmental benefits. 由于其环保优势，电池驱动的车辆越来越受欢迎。
mechanically simpler 机械结构更简单；1. Battery-powered vehicles are mechanically simpler than internal-combustion engine vehicles. 电池驱动的车辆比内燃机车辆的机械结构更简单。
catch up 追赶上；1. She studied hard to catch up with the rest of the class. 她努力学习以追赶上班上其他同学。
参考译文
中国在电动汽车方面的专长是出口激增的部分原因。尽管中国拥有强大的制造业，但中国从未掌握内燃机的制造，因为内燃机有数百个活动部件，且组装起来很棘手。电动汽车的出现，使中国迎头赶上，这种汽车在机械上更简单、更容易制造。如今，电动汽车占中国汽车销量的五分之一，占出口的三分之一。在日本和德国，电动汽车销量分别只占出口的4%和20%。
精听党每日单词
juggernaut
/ˈdʒʌɡərnɔːt/ n. 巨头；大国；
enthusiast
/ɪnˈθuːziæst/ n. 爱好者；
fawn over
讨好，奉承；迷恋；
superior
/suːˈpɪriər/ adj.（规模或实力）更大的，更强的，(在品质上)更好的；（尤用于广告中指产品或服务）高质量的，优质的；
reliability
/rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ n. 可靠性；
value for money
物有所值；性价比；
jostle for
争夺；争抢；
dominance
/ˈdɑːmɪnəns/ n. 主导地位；
overtake
/ˌoʊvərˈteɪk/ vt. 追上， 赶上并超过（汽车或人）；（发展或增长）超越，超过；
rival
/ˈraɪv(ə)l/ n. 竞争对手；
stall
/stɔːl/ vi. 停滞不前；
ship
/ʃɪp/ vt. 运输；
change gears
改变方向；换挡加速；
rev up
加速增长；
expertise
/ˌekspɜːrˈtiːz/ n. 专长，专门技能（知识）；
might
/maɪt/ n. 强大力量，威力；
master
/ˈmæstər/ vt. 精通；
internal-combustion engines
内燃机；
tricky
/ˈtrɪki/ adj. 棘手的；
battery-powered vehicles
电池驱动的车辆；电动汽车；
mechanically simpler
机械结构更简单；
catch up
追赶上；
精听党文化拓展
“2021年至2022年初，随着汽车独资企业的出口，中国汽车出口欧洲发达国家市场取得巨大突破。新能源汽车是中国汽车出口的核心增长点，改变了依赖亚洲和非洲等部分地区的汽车出口被动局面。”全国乘用车市场信息联席会秘书长崔东树发文表示。
近三年来，中国新能源汽车出口量连年翻倍。据乘联会数据，2020年至2022年，中国新能源汽车分别出口22.4万辆、59万辆、112万辆。而2023年1月至4月，新能源汽车出口了52万辆，同比增长112%。另有中国商务部数据显示，新能源汽车占汽车整体出口金额比重提升至42.9%，对汽车出口增长贡献率达51.6%。
中国新能源汽车的出口强劲，还表现在汽车出口价格上。乘联会5月25日数据显示，2023年中国汽车出口均价为2万美元，较2022年的1.8万美元大幅提升。
长安汽车国际销售服务有限公司总经理宋爽对中新经纬表示，随着产品迭代，海外产品单价也在不断提升，和五年前相比，长安汽车海外出口单车价值增长约100%。
宋爽认为，当前中国汽车产业已摆脱旧时“日、德、美三足鼎立，中国大而不强”的局面，而中国成为出口规模不断加大、智能新能源技术优势不断凸显的汽车强国。在全球汽车电动化浪潮下，凭借在产品设计、智能化、产量规模和产业供应链上的不断提升，中国车企已逐渐扭转以前通过合资、以市场换技术的被动态势。已经逐渐成为全球新能源汽车的引领者。
精听党每日美句
I have nothing to offer but blood, boil, tears and sweat.
我能奉献的没有其它，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪与汗水。