文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：The world wants to regulate AI, but does not quite know how
原文发布时间：25 Oct. 2023
The world wants to regulate AI, but does not quite know how
The "AI Safety Summit", which the British government is hosting on November 1st and 2nd at Bletchley Park, appears destined for the history books. And it may indeed one day be seen as the first time global power-brokers sat down to discuss seriously what to do about a technology that may change the world. As one of the organisers of the summit observed, in contrast with other big policy debates, such as climate change, "there is a lot of political will to do something, but it is not clear what."
Efforts to rein in AI abound. Negotiations in Brussels entered a pivotal stage on October 25th as officials grappled to finalise the European Union's ambitious AI act by the end of the year. In the days leading up to Britain's summit or shortly thereafter, the White House is expected to issue an executive order on AI. The G7 club of rich democracies will this autumn start drafting a code of conduct for AI firms. China, for its part, on October 18th unveiled a "Global AI Governance Initiative".
The momentum stems from an unusual political economy. Incentives to act, and act together, are strong. For starters, AI is truly a global technology. Large language models (LLMS), which power eerily humanlike services such as ChatGPT, travel easily. Some can be run on a laptop. It is of little use to tighten the screws on AI in some countries if they remain loose in others. Voters may be in favour. More than half of Americans "are more concerned than excited" about the use of AI, according to polling by the Pew Research Centre.
世界希望监管人工智能，但不太清楚如何监管
精听党背景导读
人工智能监管的话题最近很热，自从聊天机器人 ChatGPT 大获成功以来，对于这些强大的人工智能工具能做什么，人们感到既好奇又担忧。生成型人工智能一直被吹捧为生产力工具和创造性助手，以及未来潜在游戏规则的改变者。但它们已经展示了会造成伤害的诸多方式，例如生成模型已经被用来产生错误信息，它们可以被当作武器用作垃圾邮件和欺诈工具。
文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）作者：Unknown原文标题：The world wants to regulate AI, but does not quite know how原文发布时间：25 Oct. 2023关键词：人工智能 法案 政治
精听党带着问题听
1. “政治意愿”用英语可以如何表达？2. 如何理解第二段的“shortly thereafter”？3. 中国在人工智能控制方面做了哪些努力？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
The world wants to regulate AI, but does not quite know how
世界希望监管人工智能，但不太清楚如何监管
regulate
vt. 约束，控制，管理；1. The activities of credit companies are regulated by law. 信贷公司的业务受法律的制约。
段一
The “AI Safety Summit”, which the British government is hosting on November 1st and 2nd at Bletchley Park, appears destined for the history books. And it may indeed one day be seen as the first time global power-brokers sat down to discuss seriously what to do about a technology that may change the world. As one of the organisers of the summit observed, in contrast with other big policy debates, such as climate change, “there is a lot of political will to do something, but it is not clear what.”
summit n.（政府间的）首脑会议，峰会；山顶，顶峰；
host vi. 主办，主持（活动）；1. Germany hosted the World Cup finals. 德国主办了世界杯决赛。
destined adj. 指定的，预定的；前往的，被送往的；（命中）注定的，肯定的；
broker n. 经纪人；掮客；1. an insurance broker 保险经纪人；
in contrast with 与之相比，与之对照；1. In contrast with last year's profits, the company is not doing very well. 与去年的利润相比，该公司的业绩不太好。
policy debate 政策辩论；
political will 政治意愿；
参考译文
英国政府将于11月1日和2日在布莱切利公园主办的“人工智能安全峰会”似乎注定要载入史册。也许有一天，全球的权力掮客们将首次坐下来认真讨论如何处理一项可能改变世界的技术。正如峰会的一位组织者所观察到的那样，与气候变化等其他重大政策辩论相比，“有很多政治意愿要做些什么，但不清楚是什么。”
段二
Efforts to rein in AI abound. Negotiations in Brussels entered a pivotal stage on October 25th as officials grappled to finalise the European Union’s ambitious AI act by the end of the year. In the days leading up to Britain’s summit or shortly thereafter, the White House is expected to issue an executive order on AI. The G7 club of rich democracies will this autumn start drafting a code of conduct for AI firms. China, for its part, on October 18th unveiled a “Global AI Governance Initiative”.
rein in 严格控制；加强管理；
abound vi. 大量存在；有许多；1. Stories about his travels abound. 有关他游历的故事多得很。
pivotal adj. 关键性的；核心的；1. a pivotal role in European affairs 在欧洲事务中的关键作用；
grapple vi. 努力设法解决；1. I was grappling to find an answer to his question. 我正在努力解决他的问题。
finalise vt. 把（计划、旅行、项目等）最后定下来；定案；1. They met to finalise the terms of the treaty. 他们会晤确定条约的条款。
lead up to 在（某事）之前发生；1. There were many warning signs leading up to the financial crisis. 金融危机发生之前有很多预警信号。
shortly thereafter 不久之后；
executive order 行政命令；
for one's part 就某人而言；1. for its part 就它自己而言；
The company, for its part, has promised to improve its environmental record. 就公司而言，它承诺改善其环境记录。
unveil vt. 为…揭幕；公布；1. Mr. Werner unveiled his new strategy this week. 沃纳先生本周公布了他的新策略。
参考译文
控制人工智能的努力比比皆是。10月25日，布鲁塞尔的谈判进入了关键阶段，官员们努力在年底前敲定欧盟雄心勃勃的人工智能法案。在英国峰会之前或之后不久，白宫预计将发布一项有关人工智能的行政命令。由富裕民主国家组成的七国集团将于今年秋天开始起草一份针对人工智能公司的行为准则。10月18日，中国公布了一项“全球人工智能治理倡议”。
段三
The momentum stems from an unusual political economy. Incentives to act, and act together, are strong. For starters, AI is truly a global technology. Large language models (LLMS), which power eerily humanlike services such as ChatGPT, travel easily. Some can be run on a laptop. It is of little use to tighten the screws on AI in some countries if they remain loose in others. Voters may be in favour. More than half of Americans “are more concerned than excited” about the use of AI, according to polling by the Pew Research Centre.
momentum n. 冲力，推力；动力，势头；动量，冲量；
stem from 源自于，由…引起；
incentive n. 激励，刺激；动机；
power vt. 驱动，推动；1. The aircraft is powered by a jet engine. 这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。
eerily adv. 怪诞地；奇异地；可怕地；
screw n. 螺丝（钉）；螺杆，螺丝杆；螺旋桨；螺旋体，螺旋状物；1. tighten the screws 加大压力；拧紧螺丝；
remain loose 保持松散；保持宽松；
in favour 赞成；支持；有利于；
参考译文
这种势头源于一种不同寻常的政治经济。采取行动和共同行动的动机是强大的。首先，人工智能是一项真正的全球性技术。大型语言模型（LLMS）为ChatGPT等类似人类的服务提供动力，很容易传播。有些可以在笔记本电脑上运行。在一些国家，如果对人工智能的限制仍然宽松，那么收紧这些限制就没有多大用处。选民们可能会赞成。皮尤研究中心的民意调查显示，超过一半的美国人对人工智能的使用“更多的是担心而不是兴奋”。
精听党每日单词
regulate
/ˈreɡjuleɪt/ vt. 约束，控制，管理；
summit
/ˈsʌmɪt/ n.（政府间的）首脑会议，峰会；山顶，顶峰；
host
/hoʊst/ vi. 主办，主持（活动）；
destined
/ˈdestɪnd/ adj. 指定的，预定的；前往的，被送往的；（命中）注定的，肯定的；
broker
/ˈbroʊkər/ n. 经纪人；掮客；
in contrast with
与之相比，与之对照；
policy debate
政策辩论；
political will
政治意愿；
rein in
严格控制；加强管理；
abound
/əˈbaʊnd/ vi. 大量存在；有许多；
pivotal
/ˈpɪvət(ə)l/ adj. 关键性的；核心的；
grapple
/ˈɡræpl/ vi. 努力设法解决；
finalise
/ˈfaɪnəlaɪz/ vt. 把（计划、旅行、项目等）最后定下来；定案；
lead up to
在（某事）之前发生；
shortly thereafter
不久之后；
executive order
行政命令；
for one's part
就某人而言；
unveil
/ˌʌnˈveɪl/ vt. 为…揭幕；公布；
momentum
/moʊˈmentəm/ n. 冲力，推力；动力，势头；动量，冲量；
stem from
源自于，由…引起；
incentive
/ɪnˈsentɪv/ n. 激励，刺激；动机；
power
/ˈpaʊər/ vt. 驱动，推动；
eerily
/ˈɪrəli/ adv. 怪诞地；奇异地；可怕地；
screw
/skruː/ n. 螺丝（钉）；螺杆，螺丝杆；螺旋桨；螺旋体，螺旋状物；
remain loose
保持松散；保持宽松；
in favour
赞成；支持；有利于；
精听党文化拓展
最近一项针对人工智能研究人员的调查显示，36%的人认为人工智能可能会引发灾难。尽管如此，政府的反应和监管行动充其量是迟缓的。这一速度无法与技术采用的激增相提并论，ChatGPT现在的用户已超过1亿。
在人工智能风险迅速升级的背景下，1800名首席执行官和1500名教授最近签署了一封信，呼吁暂停开发更强大的人工智能6个月，并紧急启动监管和风险缓解进程。这种暂停将给全球社会时间来减少人工智能已经造成的危害，并避免对我们的社会造成潜在的灾难性和不可逆转的影响。
当我们努力对人工智能的潜在危害进行风险评估时，积极潜力的损失应该包括在计算中。如果我们现在采取措施负责任地开发人工智能，我们可以从这项技术中获得难以置信的好处。
例如，我们已经看到人工智能改变了药物发现和开发，提高了医疗保健的质量和成本，增加了就医和医疗的机会。谷歌的 DeepMind 已经证明，人工智能有能力解决长期以来人类无法解决的生物学基本问题。研究表明，人工智能可以加速实现联合国的每一项可持续发展目标，将人类推向一个更加健康、公平、繁荣与和平的未来。