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01
2006年第4篇第12/13句
考研阅读逐句翻译
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young.
词汇：
era //n. 时代，年代，时期
surround //v. 围绕，环绕，包围
reminder //n. 提示，使人回忆起某事的事物
exhaust //v. 疲惫不堪，精疲力竭
译文：
早期的人们总萦绕在悲痛之中。他们工作到筋疲力尽，生活没有什么保障，年纪轻轻就命丧黄泉。
翻译思路：Until和till的翻译
这两个词意思完全一致，只不过till可以口语和非正式书面语中。他们可以做介词或者连词。
可以翻译为“知道，直至，在...之前”。如：
Until 1982 he was senior lecturer in botany at Durham University.1982年以前他一直是达勒姆大学生物系的高级讲师。
I waited until it got dark.我一直等到天黑。
但是，如果这两个词与否定词连用，他们就可以翻译为“除非，直到...之前，直到...为止”。如：
The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year.交通法要到年底才生效。
The EU will not lift its sanctions until that country makes political changes.除非该国实施政治改革，否则欧盟将不会解除制裁。
昨天翻译真题的句子：
0265） Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
在这些问题得到解决之前，研究行为的方法将继续受到排斥，随之，研究行为的方法也将继续受到排斥。
02
2006年第4篇第14句
考研阅读逐句翻译
In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.
词汇：
literacy //n. 读写能力，识字，有文化
结构：
In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church（主句）, //which reminded worshippers （which定语从句）//that their souls were in danger （that宾语从句）//and that they would someday be meat for worms（and并列的宾语从句）.
译文：
在西方，在大众传播和读写能力普及之前，最强有力的大众媒体是教会，它提醒信徒他们的灵魂处于危险之中，身体早晚要喂蛆。
【作业】：
唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2006年第4篇第15句
Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2006年第4篇第16/17句
Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling.
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