Original Title 原标题 From Bean to Brew: The Coffee Supply Chain
What Does The Coffee Supply Chain Look Like?
咖啡供应链是怎样的？
There’s a good chance your day started with a cappuccino, or a cold brew, and you aren’t alone. In fact, coffee is one of the most consumed drinks on the planet, and it’s also one of the most traded commodities.
你的一天可能是从一杯卡布奇诺咖啡、或者一杯冷萃咖啡开始的，而且并非只是你一个人这样。事实上，咖啡是世界上消费最多的饮料之一，并且它还是交易量的商品之一。
According to the National Coffee Association, more than 150 million people drink coffee on a daily basis in the U.S. alone. Globally, consumption is estimated at over 2.25 billion cups per day.
据美国国家咖啡协会的数据，就美国一个国家里，有超过1.5亿人每天都喝咖啡。估计全世界每天消费22.5亿杯咖啡。
But before it gets to your morning cup, coffee beans travel through a complex global supply chain. Today’s illustration breaks down this journey into 10 distinct steps.
但是在进入你的早晨咖啡杯前，咖啡豆可是经过一条复杂的全球供应链。现在这张插图把咖啡豆的历程分为10个阶段为你详解这条全球供应链。
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Coffee From Plant to Factory
从咖啡树到工厂
There are two types of tropical plants that produce coffee, both preferring high altitudes and with production primarily based in South America, Asia, and Africa.
出产咖啡的热带植物有两种，它们都偏好高海拔地区，主要分布在南美洲、亚洲和非洲。
Coffea arabica is the more plentiful bean, with a more complex flavor and less caffeine. It’s used in most specialty and “high quality” drinks as Arabica coffee.
小果咖啡（学名：Coffea arabica 阿拉伯咖啡、阿拉比卡咖啡），拉比卡咖啡豆产量更多，味道更复杂，咖啡因含量更低。它通常被用在大多数特色和“高质量”的饮品中，称为阿拉比卡咖啡。
Coffea canephora, meanwhile, has stronger and more bitter flavors. It’s also easier to grow, and is most frequently used in espressos and instant blends as Robusta coffee.
与此同时，中果咖啡（学名：Coffea canephora卡尼弗拉咖啡）味道更强烈和更苦。它也更容易种植，通常在浓缩咖啡和速溶咖啡混合物中使用，被称为罗布斯塔咖啡。
However, both types of beans undergo the same journey:
然而，两种咖啡豆都经历着同样的旅行
1.Growing 种植
Plants take anywhere from 4-7 years to produce their first harvest, and grow fruit for around 25 years.
任何地方的咖啡树都需要4到7年才开始第一次收获，生产咖啡果时间大约25年。
2.Picking 采摘
The fruit of the coffea plant is the coffee berry, containing two beans within. Ripened berries are harvested either by hand or machine.
咖啡树的果实时咖啡浆果，里面有两个咖啡豆。人们还有手工或机械收获成熟的咖啡浆果。
3.Processing 加工
Coffee berries are then processed either in a traditional “dry” method using the sun or “wet” method using water and machinery. This removes the outer fruit encasing the sought-after green beans.
采摘下来的咖啡浆果进入加工阶段，一种是使用阳光暴晒的传统“干法”加工、另一种是使用水和机器的“湿法”加工。加工这一程序是为了去掉备受欢迎的绿咖啡豆的外层果皮。
4.Milling辗磨
The green coffee beans are hulled, cleaned, sorted, and (optionally) graded.
绿咖啡豆在此过程中进行去壳、清洁、分类，以及（有选择地）分级。
From Factory to Transport
从工厂到运输
Once the coffee berry is stripped down to green beans, it’s shipped from producing countries through a global supply network.
一旦咖啡浆果被剥离成绿咖啡豆，它就会通过全球供应网络从生产国运输出去。
Green coffee beans are exported and shipped around the world. In 2018 alone, 7.2 million tonnes of green coffee beans were exported, valued at $19.2 billion.
绿咖啡豆被出口和运输到世界各地。仅仅在2018年，就有720万吨绿咖啡豆被出口，价值192亿美元。
Arriving primarily in the U.S. and Europe, the beans are now prepared for consumption:
绿咖啡豆主要到达的目的地是美国和欧洲，它们此时即将用于饮用：
5.Roasting烘焙
Green beans are industrially roasted, becoming darker, oilier, and tasty. Different temperatures and heat duration impact the final color and flavor, with some preferring light roasts to dark roasts.
绿咖啡豆经过工业化烘焙，变得更黑、更油、更美味。不同的温度和加热时间会影响最终的颜色和味道。从轻度烘焙到深度烘焙，人们各有喜好。
6.Packaging包装
Any imperfect or somehow ruined beans are discarded, and the remaining roasted beans are packaged together by type.
任何不完美或者某种程度损坏的咖啡豆都要丢弃，剩下的烘焙咖啡豆按类型进行包装。
7.Shipping 运输
Roasted beans are shipped both domestically and internationally. Bulk shipments go to retailers, coffee shops, and in some cases, direct to consumer.
烘焙咖啡豆被运输到国内市场和国际市场。散装货物面向零售商、咖啡店，某种情况下会直接到达消费者那里。
Straight to Your Cup
走进你的咖啡杯
Roasted coffee beans are almost ready for consumption, and by this stage the remaining steps can happen anywhere.
烘焙咖啡几乎进入饮用阶段了，到了这个阶段，剩下的步骤可以发生在任何地方。
For example, many factories don’t ship roasted beans until they grind it themselves. Meanwhile, cafes will grind their own beans on-site before preparing drinks. The rapid growth of coffee chains made Starbucks the second-highest-earning U.S. fast food venue.
例如，许多工厂都是研磨成后再出货。与此同时，咖啡店会在它们店里的现场研磨后再冲饮。咖啡连锁店的快速增长让星巴克成为美国收入第二高的快餐店。
Regardless of where it happens, the final steps bring coffee straight to your cup:
不管以下步骤发生在哪里，最后一步咖啡走进你的杯子里：
8.Grinding研磨
Roasted beans are ground up in order to better extract their flavors, either by machine or by hand. The preferred fineness depends on the darkness of the roast and the brewing method.
为了提取咖啡豆的味道，人们会用机器或手工将烘焙咖啡豆磨碎。磨碎的程度取决于烘焙的深度和冲泡的方法。
9.Brewing冲泡
Water is added to the coffee grounds in a variety of methods. Some involve water being passed or pressured through the grounds (espresso, drip) while others mix the water and grounds (French press, Turkish coffee).
用水冲泡咖啡粉有许多种方法。有些方法是让水通过或加压通过咖啡粉（如浓缩咖啡、滴滤咖啡），另一些方法则是将水和咖啡粉混合在一起（如法压壶咖啡、土耳其咖啡）。
10.Drinking饮用
Liquid coffee is ready to be enjoyed! One average cup takes 70 roasted beans to make.
液体咖啡可以随时享用。平均每杯咖啡需要70颗烘焙咖啡豆。
The world’s choice of caffeine pick-me-up is made possible by this structured and complex supply chain. Coffee isn’t just a drink, after all, it’s a business.
这个结构化有复杂的供应链使得世界各地的人们选择咖啡来提神成为了可能。毕竟，咖啡不仅仅是一种饮品，还是一门生意。
相关文章
全球咖啡贸易概况——世界最大的10个咖啡出口国和进口国，巴西和美国各居榜首
What Does The Coffee Supply Chain Look Like?
咖啡供应链是怎样的？
There’s a good chance your day started with a cappuccino, or a cold brew, and you aren’t alone. In fact, coffee is one of the most consumed drinks on the planet, and it’s also one of the most traded commodities.
你的一天可能是从一杯卡布奇诺咖啡、或者一杯冷萃咖啡开始的，而且并非只是你一个人这样。事实上，咖啡是世界上消费最多的饮料之一，并且它还是交易量的商品之一。
According to the National Coffee Association, more than 150 million people drink coffee on a daily basis in the U.S. alone. Globally, consumption is estimated at over 2.25 billion cups per day.
据美国国家咖啡协会的数据，就美国一个国家里，有超过1.5亿人每天都喝咖啡。估计全世界每天消费22.5亿杯咖啡。
But before it gets to your morning cup, coffee beans travel through a complex global supply chain. Today’s illustration breaks down this journey into 10 distinct steps.
但是在进入你的早晨咖啡杯前，咖啡豆可是经过一条复杂的全球供应链。现在这张插图把咖啡豆的历程分为10个阶段为你详解这条全球供应链。
Coffee From Plant to Factory
从咖啡树到工厂
There are two types of tropical plants that produce coffee, both preferring high altitudes and with production primarily based in South America, Asia, and Africa.
出产咖啡的热带植物有两种，它们都偏好高海拔地区，主要分布在南美洲、亚洲和非洲。
Coffea arabica is the more plentiful bean, with a more complex flavor and less caffeine. It’s used in most specialty and “high quality” drinks as Arabica coffee.
小果咖啡（学名：Coffea arabica 阿拉伯咖啡、阿拉比卡咖啡），拉比卡咖啡豆产量更多，味道更复杂，咖啡因含量更低。它通常被用在大多数特色和“高质量”的饮品中，称为阿拉比卡咖啡。
Coffea canephora, meanwhile, has stronger and more bitter flavors. It’s also easier to grow, and is most frequently used in espressos and instant blends as Robusta coffee.
与此同时，中果咖啡（学名：Coffea canephora卡尼弗拉咖啡）味道更强烈和更苦。它也更容易种植，通常在浓缩咖啡和速溶咖啡混合物中使用，被称为罗布斯塔咖啡。
However, both types of beans undergo the same journey:
然而，两种咖啡豆都经历着同样的旅行
1.Growing 种植
Plants take anywhere from 4-7 years to produce their first harvest, and grow fruit for around 25 years.
任何地方的咖啡树都需要4到7年才开始第一次收获，生产咖啡果时间大约25年。
2.Picking 采摘
The fruit of the coffea plant is the coffee berry, containing two beans within. Ripened berries are harvested either by hand or machine.
咖啡树的果实时咖啡浆果，里面有两个咖啡豆。人们还有手工或机械收获成熟的咖啡浆果。
3.Processing 加工
Coffee berries are then processed either in a traditional “dry” method using the sun or “wet” method using water and machinery. This removes the outer fruit encasing the sought-after green beans.
采摘下来的咖啡浆果进入加工阶段，一种是使用阳光暴晒的传统“干法”加工、另一种是使用水和机器的“湿法”加工。加工这一程序是为了去掉备受欢迎的绿咖啡豆的外层果皮。
4.Milling辗磨
The green coffee beans are hulled, cleaned, sorted, and (optionally) graded.
绿咖啡豆在此过程中进行去壳、清洁、分类，以及（有选择地）分级。
From Factory to Transport
从工厂到运输
Once the coffee berry is stripped down to green beans, it’s shipped from producing countries through a global supply network.
一旦咖啡浆果被剥离成绿咖啡豆，它就会通过全球供应网络从生产国运输出去。
Green coffee beans are exported and shipped around the world. In 2018 alone, 7.2 million tonnes of green coffee beans were exported, valued at $19.2 billion.
绿咖啡豆被出口和运输到世界各地。仅仅在2018年，就有720万吨绿咖啡豆被出口，价值192亿美元。
Arriving primarily in the U.S. and Europe, the beans are now prepared for consumption:
绿咖啡豆主要到达的目的地是美国和欧洲，它们此时即将用于饮用：
5.Roasting烘焙
Green beans are industrially roasted, becoming darker, oilier, and tasty. Different temperatures and heat duration impact the final color and flavor, with some preferring light roasts to dark roasts.
绿咖啡豆经过工业化烘焙，变得更黑、更油、更美味。不同的温度和加热时间会影响最终的颜色和味道。从轻度烘焙到深度烘焙，人们各有喜好。
6.Packaging包装
Any imperfect or somehow ruined beans are discarded, and the remaining roasted beans are packaged together by type.
任何不完美或者某种程度损坏的咖啡豆都要丢弃，剩下的烘焙咖啡豆按类型进行包装。
7.Shipping 运输
Roasted beans are shipped both domestically and internationally. Bulk shipments go to retailers, coffee shops, and in some cases, direct to consumer.
烘焙咖啡豆被运输到国内市场和国际市场。散装货物面向零售商、咖啡店，某种情况下会直接到达消费者那里。
Straight to Your Cup
走进你的咖啡杯
Roasted coffee beans are almost ready for consumption, and by this stage the remaining steps can happen anywhere.
烘焙咖啡几乎进入饮用阶段了，到了这个阶段，剩下的步骤可以发生在任何地方。
For example, many factories don’t ship roasted beans until they grind it themselves. Meanwhile, cafes will grind their own beans on-site before preparing drinks. The rapid growth of coffee chains made Starbucks the second-highest-earning U.S. fast food venue.
例如，许多工厂都是研磨成后再出货。与此同时，咖啡店会在它们店里的现场研磨后再冲饮。咖啡连锁店的快速增长让星巴克成为美国收入第二高的快餐店。
Regardless of where it happens, the final steps bring coffee straight to your cup:
不管以下步骤发生在哪里，最后一步咖啡走进你的杯子里：
8.Grinding研磨
Roasted beans are ground up in order to better extract their flavors, either by machine or by hand. The preferred fineness depends on the darkness of the roast and the brewing method.
为了提取咖啡豆的味道，人们会用机器或手工将烘焙咖啡豆磨碎。磨碎的程度取决于烘焙的深度和冲泡的方法。
9.Brewing冲泡
Water is added to the coffee grounds in a variety of methods. Some involve water being passed or pressured through the grounds (espresso, drip) while others mix the water and grounds (French press, Turkish coffee).
用水冲泡咖啡粉有许多种方法。有些方法是让水通过或加压通过咖啡粉（如浓缩咖啡、滴滤咖啡），另一些方法则是将水和咖啡粉混合在一起（如法压壶咖啡、土耳其咖啡）。
10.Drinking饮用
Liquid coffee is ready to be enjoyed! One average cup takes 70 roasted beans to make.
液体咖啡可以随时享用。平均每杯咖啡需要70颗烘焙咖啡豆。
The world’s choice of caffeine pick-me-up is made possible by this structured and complex supply chain. Coffee isn’t just a drink, after all, it’s a business.
这个结构化有复杂的供应链使得世界各地的人们选择咖啡来提神成为了可能。毕竟，咖啡不仅仅是一种饮品，还是一门生意。
相关文章
全球咖啡贸易概况——世界最大的10个咖啡出口国和进口国，巴西和美国各居榜首