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The Four Great Grottoes of China are the
exquisite treasures of Buddhist art in China. They represent outstanding
examples of ancient Chinese sculpture and provide significant material for
studying the development of religion, culture, and art in China and even East
Asia. The four grottoes are the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, the Longmen
Grottoes, the Yungang Grottoes, and the Maijishan Grottoes. Each of these
places is a radiant gem of human civilization, carrying thousands of years of
history and faith.
中国四大石窟，是佛教艺术在中国的瑰宝，它们不仅是中国古代雕塑艺术的杰出代表，也是研究中国乃至东亚地区宗教、文化、艺术发展的重要资料。这四大石窟分别是：敦煌莫高窟、龙门石窟、云冈石窟、麦积山石窟，每一处都是人类文明的璀璨明珠，承载着千年的历史与信仰。
Let's begin by introducing the Mogao
Grottoes and the Longmen Grottoes.
今天先来介绍敦煌莫高窟和龙门石窟。
1. Mogao Grottoes:
1. 敦煌莫高窟
Located at the eastern foot of the Mingsha
Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City in Gansu Province, the Mogao
Grottoes were first constructed during the Former Qin dynasty (366 AD). They
underwent expansions during the Northern Wei, Sui, and Tang dynasties,
resulting in a grand complex of grottoes. The Mogao Grottoes are famous for
their murals and sculptures. They currently have 735 caves, covering an area of
45,000 square meters of murals and over 2,400 painted statues. It is hailed as
the "Treasure House of Eastern Art." Among them, the "Flying
Apsaras" are particularly well-known, showcasing exceptional artistic
achievements and unique aesthetic tastes.
位于甘肃省敦煌市东南25公里处的鸣沙山东麓，始建于前秦时期（公元366年），历经北魏、隋、唐等多个朝代的扩建，形成了规模宏大的石窟群。莫高窟以其壁画和塑像著称于世，现有洞窟735个，壁画4.5万平方米，彩塑2400余尊，被誉为“东方艺术宝库”。其中，“飞天”形象最为人熟知，展现了极高的艺术成就和独特的审美情趣。
2. Longmen Grottoes:
2. 龙门石窟
Situated on both banks of the Yi River in
the southern outskirts of Luoyang City, Henan Province, the Longmen Grottoes
were carved during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and
continued to be expanded until the Tang Dynasty. It is one of the largest
grotto complexes in northern China. The Longmen Grottoes feature 2,345 niches
with nearly 110,000 statues and more than 2,800 inscribed steles. The most
famous is the Lushena Buddha, known for its solemn appearance and exquisite
craftsmanship, showcasing the pinnacle of carving art in the Tang Dynasty. The
grottoes integrate harmoniously with the natural landscape, adding a touch of
tranquility and mystery.
位于河南省洛阳市南郊的伊河两岸，开凿于北魏孝文帝时期，延续至唐代，是中国北方最大的石窟群之一。龙门石窟共有窟龛2345个，造像近11万尊，碑刻题记2800余块，其中以卢舍那大佛最为著名，其面容庄严，技艺精湛，展现了唐代雕刻艺术的高峰。石窟群依山傍水，与自然景观融为一体，更添几分幽静与神秘。
Tomorrow, we will continue with the
introduction of the other two grottoes: the Yungang Grottoes and the Maijishan
Grottoes. Stay tuned!
明天我们将继续介绍中国四大石窟（下）：云冈石窟和麦积山石窟，欢迎继续关注。
说明：文中部分图片来源于网络，如有侵权，请联系删除。
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