近日，“太空出差”半年多的神舟十八号航天员安全回家，宇航员长时间驻留太空对身体有何影响？
最新一期《经济学人》一篇关于太空的文章——Space may be worse for humans than thought （在太空中生活可能比想象中更危险），讨论了宇航员在太空中面临的健康风险和隐患。
haywire ['hewaɪɚ]，作名词时表示 [电] 临时电线，捆干草用的铁丝；作形容词表示，乱糟糟的，乱七八糟的；疯狂的。
Haywire is a strong, thin wire. Farm workers often use it to tie up hay grown in the fields. They roll up the long, cut grass and store it in large bundles. 美国农民通常用细铁丝（haywire）把干草一捆捆地捆起来。每当喂牲口时，就用斧头把铁丝砍断。这个过程中，如果不小心的话，铁丝可能会卷起来，这种情况就是go haywire。
go haywire，表示“出故障，紊乱，失去控制”，英文释义为to stop working correctly or become out of control。
After that, things started to go haywire. 此后事情开始失去控制。
目前，美国大选即将进入最后冲刺时刻，哈里斯特朗普谁将胜出，情况还不明了。美国资深媒体人库尔特·安德森（Kurt Andersen）2017年写过一本畅销书——《美国怎么乱了套》（FANTASYLAND：How America Went Haywire: A 500-Year History），英文标题用的正是went haywire。
库尔特·安德森书写到一半时，特朗普竞选势头越来越劲，他跟妻子开玩笑：“我的书要大卖了。”
以前，特朗普经常谴责美国一些主流媒体报道“假新闻fake news”，他的支持者觉得终于有人说出了自己的心声，而另外一些人则在困惑这个世界到底怎么了？库尔特·安德森认为，这并不是一种新现象，而是美国个性和道路的最终表现形式。美国人可以相信一切他们愿意相信的东西，这个他们引以为傲的特点如今却带领着他们越来越走向极端。比如，约有三分之一的美国人相信全球变暖是个骗局，四分之一的美国人相信疫苗导致了自闭症。
回到 go haywire，再看看一些外刊中的例句：
Now their routine had gone haywire.
It was the equivalent of the air traffic control system going completely haywire.
One of our cameras and our backup phone went haywire.
一篇关于曾经闹得沸沸扬扬的王力宏、李靓蕾离婚事件的报道中，也用到了go haywire。
It’s been almost a year and a half since celebrity couple Wang Leehom and Lee Jing Lei announced their divorce. Since then, things have been going haywire for the duo, with ugly fighting between the two and cutting accusations. 王力宏和李靓蕾宣布离婚已经快一年半了。从那以后，两人的关系就变得一团糟，两人之间的争吵和尖锐的指责不断。
限于篇幅，我们看两段：
SPACE IS NOT a very hospitable place. There is no air. Depending on whether you are in sunlight or not, it is either freezing cold or roasting hot. There are subtler hazards, too. Even when provided with oxygen and a stable temperature by their spacecraft, astronauts seem to sicken the longer they spend away from Earth.
参考译文：太空没有空气，绝非适居之地。根据是否处于阳光照射下，踏空要么冰寒刺骨，要么酷热难耐。此外，还存在一些较为隐蔽的危险。即使航天器为宇航员提供氧气和恒定温度，他们离开地球的时间越长，健康状况就越令人堪忧。
hospitable 在这里是指“（气候、环境等） 适宜的”，英文释义为：A hospitable climate or environment is one that encourages the existence or development of particular people or things.
roasting 作形容词时表示，“用于烤炙（或烘焙）的” ，“燥热的、灼热的”，源于roast。
a roasting dish用于烘烤的盘子
a roasting hot day酷热的一天
roasting 作名词时表示“严厉批评”，常用搭配是“give sb/get a roasting”。
外刊例句：Food hub meeting could get a roasting from opponents.
Spending time in orbit, for instance, causes bones and muscles, including the heart, to waste away. Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) spend several hours a day exercising in an attempt to fight this enfeeblement, with only partial success. Levels of radiation beyond Earth’s protective atmosphere and magnetic field are higher than on its surface, which may increase the risk of cancer.
参考译文： 例如，在轨道上停留会导致骨骼和包括心脏在内的肌肉量流失。在国际空间站上，宇航员每天需锻炼几个小时来对抗这种现象，但收效甚微。在地球保护性大气层和磁场之外，辐射水平比地表更高，这可能会增加患癌风险。
waste away，固定搭配，表示“变消瘦，变衰弱”，英文释义是：If someone wastes away, they become extremely thin or weak because they are ill or worried and they are not eating properly.
He became ill and began to waste away. 他病了，渐渐消瘦下去。
电影《马达加斯加的圣诞》中一个例句：
碎片化学英语，感谢大家阅读。
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