文本选自：WHO（世界卫生组织）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：Aspartame hazard and risk assessment results released
原文发布时间：14 Jul. 2023
Aspartame hazard and risk assessment results released
Assessments of the health impacts of the non-sugar sweetener aspartame are released today by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Citing "limited evidence" for carcinogenicity in humans, IARC classified aspartame as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 2B) and JECFA reaffirmed the acceptable daily intake of 40 mg/kg body weight.
Aspartame is an artificial (chemical) sweetener widely used in various food and beverage products since the 1980s, including diet drinks, chewing gum, gelatin, ice cream, dairy products such as yogurt, breakfast cereal, toothpaste and medications such as cough drops and chewable vitamins.
"Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Every year, 1 in 6 people die from cancer. Science is continuously expanding to assess the possible initiating or facilitating factors of cancer, in the hope of reducing these numbers and the human toll, " said Dr Francesco Branca, Director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, WHO. "The assessments of aspartame have indicated that, while safety is not a major concern at the doses which are commonly used, potential effects have been described that need to be investigated by more and better studies." The two bodies conducted independent but complementary reviews to assess the potential carcinogenic hazard and other health risks associated with aspartame consumption.
阿斯巴甜危害及风险评估结果公布
精听党背景导读
阿斯巴甜是一种人工甜味剂，化学名称为天门冬酰苯丙胺酸甲酯，被食品工业视为代替蔗糖的甜味剂。自上世纪80年代以来，阿斯巴甜广泛应用于无糖饮料、口香糖、酸奶等各种食品和饮料产品中。迄今，阿斯巴甜在食品中的使用已在全球近100个国家获得许可，但围绕阿斯巴甜对健康的影响，数十年来争议不断。
国际癌症研究机构、世界卫生组织和粮食及农业组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会14日发布了人工甜味剂阿斯巴甜对健康影响的评估报告，将阿斯巴甜归为“可能对人类致癌”（2B类致癌物）之列。
文本选自：WHO（世界卫生组织）作者：Unknown原文标题：Aspartame hazard and risk assessment results released原文发布时间：14 Jul. 2023关键词：阿斯巴甜 健康 癌症
精听党带着问题听
1.“低热量饮料”用英语可以怎么表达？2. 如何理解段三中的“bodies”？3. 人类可接受的阿斯巴甜每日摄入量为多少？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Aspartame hazard and risk assessment results released
阿斯巴甜危害及风险评估结果公布
aspartame n. 阿斯巴甜；1. Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener used in many food and beverage products. 阿斯巴甜是一种低卡路里人造甜味剂，用于许多食品和饮料产品。
hazard n. 危险；1. The hazard of smoking is well known and can lead to serious health problems. 吸烟的危险众所周知，可能导致严重的健康问题。
risk assessment n. 风险评估；1. A risk assessment is an important step in identifying and mitigating potential dangers. 风险评估是识别和减轻潜在危险的重要步骤。
段一
Assessments of the health impacts of the non-sugar sweetener aspartame are released today by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Citing "limited evidence" for carcinogenicity in humans, IARC classified aspartame as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 2B) and JECFA reaffirmed the acceptable daily intake of 40 mg/kg body weight.
assessment n. 评估；1. The assessments of the project showed that it was successful. 项目的评估显示它是成功的。
impact n. 影响；1. The impacts of climate change are being felt around the world. 全球都在感受气候变化的影响。
sweetener n. 甜味剂；1. Sweeteners are substances used to sweeten food or drinks. 甜味剂是用来使食物或饮料变甜的物质。
International Agency for Research on Cancer 国际癌症研究机构；1. The International Agency for Research on Cancer is a specialized agency of the World Health Organization. 国际癌症研究机构是世界卫生组织的一个专门机构。
World Health Organization 世界卫生组织；1. The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. 世界卫生组织是联合国负责国际公共卫生的专门机构。
Food and Agriculture Organization 联合国粮食及农业组织；1. The Food and Agriculture Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. 联合国粮食及农业组织是联合国的一个专门机构，领导国际努力消除饥饿。
Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives 食品添加剂联合专家委员会；1. The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives is an international scientific expert committee administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. 食品添加剂联合专家委员会是由联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织共同管理的国际科学专家委员会。
cite vt. 引用；1. She cited several sources in her research paper. 她在研究论文中引用了几个来源。
carcinogenicity n. 致癌性；致癌力；
carcinogenic adj. 致癌的；
reaffirm vt. 重申；再次确定；
参考译文
国际癌症研究机构、世界卫生组织和粮食及农业组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会今天发布了关于非糖甜味剂阿斯巴甜对健康影响的评估报告。国际癌症研究机构将阿斯巴甜列为可能对人类致癌的物质(IARC 2B组)，并引用了人类致癌性的“有限证据”， 食品添加剂联合专家委员会重申了人类可接受的阿斯巴甜每日摄入量为每公斤体重40毫克。
段二
Aspartame is an artificial (chemical) sweetener widely used in various food and beverage products since the 1980s, including diet drinks, chewing gum, gelatin, ice cream, dairy products such as yogurt, breakfast cereal, toothpaste and medications such as cough drops and chewable vitamins.
artificial adj. 人造的；1. Artificial sweeteners are often used as a sugar substitute in food and drinks. 人造甜味剂常用作食品和饮料中的糖替代品。
chemical adj. 化学的；1. Chemical reactions occur when two or more substances interact to form new compounds. 当两种或两种以上物质相互作用形成新化合物时，会发生化学反应。
widely adv. 广泛地；1. The internet is widely used for communication and information sharing. 互联网广泛用于通信和信息共享。
various adj. 各种各样的；1. There are various types of flowers in the garden. 花园里有各种各样的花。
beverage n. 饮料；1. Water is the most commonly consumed beverage in the world. 水是世界上最常饮用的饮料。
diet drinks 低热量饮料；1. Diet drinks are low-calorie beverages that are often used as a substitute for sugary drinks. 低热量饮料是低卡路里的饮料，常用作含糖饮料的替代品。
chewing gum 口香糖；1. Chewing gum can help freshen breath and clean teeth. 嚼口香糖可以帮助清新口气和清洁牙齿。
gelatin n. 明胶；1. Gelatin is a protein derived from collagen and is used in many food products. 明胶是一种从胶原蛋白中提取的蛋白质，用于许多食品产品。
cereal n. 谷类食物；
medication n. 药；药物；
cough drops 止咳糖；止咳药片；1. drop n. 球状糖果；
chewable vitamins 维生素咀嚼片；
参考译文
阿斯巴甜是一种人工(化学)甜味剂，自20世纪80年代以来广泛用于各种食品和饮料产品，包括减肥饮料、口香糖、明胶、冰淇淋、酸奶等乳制品、早餐麦片、牙膏和止咳剂和咀嚼维生素等药物中，都会添加阿斯巴甜。
段三
"Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Every year, 1 in 6 people die from cancer. Science is continuously expanding to assess the possible initiating or facilitating factors of cancer, in the hope of reducing these numbers and the human toll," said Dr Francesco Branca, Director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, WHO. "The assessments of aspartame have indicated that, while safety is not a major concern at the doses which are commonly used, potential effects have been described that need to be investigated by more and better studies." The two bodies conducted independent but complementary reviews to assess the potential carcinogenic hazard and other health risks associated with aspartame consumption.
leading causes 主要原因；1. Smoking is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. 吸烟是肺癌的主要原因之一。
globally adv. 全球地；1. The company operates globally with offices in many countries. 该公司在许多国家设有办事处，全球运营。
expand vt. 扩大，增加；扩展，发展；1. The company is expanding its operations to new markets. 公司正在将业务扩展到新市场。
assess vt. 评估；1. The teacher will assess the students’ progress at the end of the semester. 学期末，老师将评估学生的进步。
initiate vt. 发起；1. The company is initiating a new project to improve its sustainability. 公司正在发起一个新项目，以提高其可持续性。
facilitate vt. 促进；1. The government is facilitating the development of renewable energy sources. 政府正在促进可再生能源的发展。
reduce vt. 减少；1. Reducing waste is an important step in protecting the environment. 减少浪费是保护环境的重要一步。
toll n. 毁坏；伤亡人数；
indicate vt. 表明；1. The results indicated that the experiment was successful. 结果表明实验成功了。
major concern 主要担忧；主要关注点；1. Climate change is a major concern for many people around the world. 气候变化是全球许多人关注的主要问题。
dose n. 剂量；1. The doctor prescribed a specific dose of medication for the patient. 医生为患者开了特定剂量的药物。
commonly used 常用的；1. Water is a commonly used solvent in many chemical reactions. 水是许多化学反应中常用的溶剂。
potential effects 潜在影响；1. The potential effects of climate change are a major concern for scientists and policymakers. 气候变化的潜在影响是科学家和决策者关注的主要问题。
describe vt. 描述；1. The painting was described as a masterpiece by the art critic. 艺术评论家将这幅画描述为杰作。
investigate vt. 调查；1. The police are investigating the crime. 警方正在调查这起罪案。
complementary adj. 互补的；1. The two colors are complementary and look great together. 这两种颜色是互补的，搭配在一起看起来很棒。
potential carcinogenic hazard 潜在致癌危险；1. The potential carcinogenic hazard of certain chemicals is a major concern for public health. 某些化学物质的潜在致癌危险是公共卫生的一个主要问题。
参考译文
世卫组织营养和食品安全司司长Francesco Branca博士说:“在全球范围内，癌症是死亡的主要原因之一。每年，六分之一的人死于癌症。科学正在不断发展，以评估可能引发或促进癌症的因素，以期减少这些数字和人员伤亡。”“对阿斯巴甜的评估表明，虽然通常使用的剂量的安全性不是主要问题，但已经描述的潜在影响需要进行更多更好的研究来调查。”这两家机构进行了独立但互为补充的审查，以评估与食用阿斯巴甜有关的潜在致癌危害和其他健康风险。
精听党每日单词
aspartame
/ˈæspɑːrteɪm/ n. 阿斯巴甜；
hazard
/ˈhæzərd/ n. 危险；
risk assessment
n. 风险评估；
assessment
/əˈsesmənt/ n. 评估；
impact
/ˈɪmpækt/ n. 影响；
sweetener
/ˈswiːtnər/ n. 甜味剂；
International Agency for Research on Cancer
国际癌症研究机构；
World Health Organization
世界卫生组织；
Food and Agriculture Organization
联合国粮食及农业组织；
Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives
食品添加剂联合专家委员会；
cite
/saɪt/ vt. 引用；
carcinogenicity
/kɑ:sinəudʒə'nisəti/ n. 致癌性；致癌力；
carcinogenic
/ˌkɑːrsɪnəˈdʒenɪk/ adj. 致癌的；
reaffirm
/ˌriːəˈfɜːrm/ vt. 重申；再次确定；
artificial
/ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 人造的；
chemical
/ˈkemɪk(ə)l/ adj. 化学的；
widely
/ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地；
various
/ˈveriəs/ adj. 各种各样的；
beverage
/ˈbevərɪdʒ/ n. 饮料；
diet drinks
低热量饮料；
chewing gum
口香糖；
gelatin
/ˈdʒelətɪn/ n. 明胶；
cereal
/ˈsɪriəl/ n. 谷类食物；
medication
/ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 药；药物；
cough drops
止咳糖；止咳药片；
chewable vitamins
维生素咀嚼片；
leading causes
主要原因；
globally
/ˈɡloʊbəli/ adv. 全球地；
expand
/ɪkˈspænd/ vt. 扩大，增加；扩展，发展；
assess
/əˈses/ vt. 评估；
initiate
/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ vt. 发起；
facilitate
/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ vt. 促进；
reduce
/rɪˈduːs/ vt. 减少；
toll
/toʊl/ n. 毁坏；伤亡人数；
indicate
/ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ vt. 表明；
major concern
主要担忧；主要关注点；
dose
/doʊs/ n. 剂量；
commonly used
常用的；
potential effects
潜在影响；
describe
/dɪˈskraɪb/ vt. 描述；
investigate
/ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ vt. 调查；
complementary
/ˌkɑːmplɪˈment(ə)ri/ adj. 互补的；
potential carcinogenic hazard
潜在致癌危险；
精听党文化拓展
阿斯巴甜是国际食品法典委员会（CAC）及中国、美国、欧盟、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、韩国等批准合法使用的食品添加剂。
世界卫生组织和粮食及农业组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）公布“维持阿斯巴甜原风险评估结论，按照目前剂量和范围使用，不会对消费者产生健康危害”。国际癌症研究机构和联合专家委员会对阿斯巴甜影响的评估，是基于从一系列不同来源收集的科学数据，包括同行评议论文、政府报告和出于监管目的而进行的研究。这些研究已经过独立专家的审查，两个委员会都已采取措施，以确保其评价的独立性和可靠性。
国际癌症研究机构和世卫组织将继续对新的证据进行监测，并鼓励独立研究小组进一步研究阿斯巴甜暴露与消费者健康影响之间的潜在联系。
致癌物质的致癌风险通常由两个因素决定。其一是致癌能力，IARC主要依据人类流行病学调查和病例报告、动物试验和生物学机制研究等，将致癌证据强度分为1类，2A、2B类和3类（其中1类具有人类致癌性，2A类对人类很可能致癌、2B类对人类可能致癌但缺乏充分的科学证据，3类为尚无法分类）；另一因素是暴露水平，指人体实际摄入或接触该有害物质量的多少。
精听党每日美句
All that glitters is not gold.
闪光的未必都是黄金。