文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：Confronting the dangers of ultra-processed food
原文发布时间：31 Jul. 2023
Confronting the dangers of ultra-processed food
Which is healthier: a bag of crisps or a kale salad? That is easy. Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer?
Many people concerned with what they eat would instinctively say the former, perhaps citing a vague concern with "processed food". Such food can often be delicious. (This columnist has a particular weakness for salty potato crisps. ) And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant, when for most of human history they were neither. But as Chris Van Tulleken's new book, "Ultra-Processed People", explains, that cheapness and abundance come at a cost.
Mr Van Tulleken, a doctor and television presenter, draws a distinction between "ultra-processed food" (UPF) and "processed food". Almost everything people consume is processed in some form: rice is harvested and hulled, animals are butchered. He uses a definition proposed by Carlos Monteiro, a food scientist, describing UPF as "formulations of ingredients, mostly of exclusive industrial use, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring sophisticated equipment and technology". A pizza made from scratch contains minimally processed food (wheat turned into flour, tomatoes into sauce, milk into cheese). The one in the freezer, with its thiamine mononitrate and sodium phosphate, is UPF.
过度加工的“美味陷阱”：直面超加工食品的危害
本篇外刊涉及考研词汇68个，具体内容可在页面下方【文件下载】区下载哦~
精听党背景导读
饮食的过度加工充斥在我们生活的点点滴滴中。
过度加工的食品，也叫做超加工食品，是指在已经加工过的食品基础上再加工的食品，这类食品通常含有五种以上工业制剂，并且是高糖、高脂、高热量的食品，长期食用会增加身体的健康隐患。
文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）作者：Unknown原文标题：Confronting the dangers of ultra-processed food原文发布时间：31 Jul. 2023关键词：食品 加工 危害
精听党带着问题听
1.“超加工食品”用英语可以怎么表达？2. 如何理解段一中的“made from scratch”？3. 食品科学家卡洛斯·蒙泰罗是怎么定义“超加工食品”的？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Confronting the dangers of ultra-processed food
面对超加工食品的危害
confront vt. 面对；对抗；1. We are confronting a historic economic crisis. 我们正在抗击前所未有的经济危机。
ultra-processed adj. 超加工的；1. ultra adj. 极端的，偏激的；
ultra-modern adj. 超现代化的；ultraviolet adj. 紫外线的；
段一
Which is healthier: a bag of crisps or a kale salad? That is easy. Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer?
a bag of 一袋，一包；
crisp n. <英>炸薯片；松脆食品；1. adj. 鲜脆的；脆嫩的；
a crisp apple 新鲜脆生的苹果；
kale n. 羽衣甘蓝；蔬菜汤；
make from scratch 从零开始制作；1. from scratch 从头开始；从零开始；
Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging. 白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。
ingredient n. 材料，佐料，原料；
calorie n. 卡（路里）（热量单位）；
pull out of 拉出，取出；
freezer n. 冰箱；冷冻库；
参考译文
一袋薯片和一份羽衣甘蓝沙拉哪个更健康？这似乎很容易回答。那么，哪一种披萨更健康：一份一切都从头现做的比萨，还是从冰箱里拿出来的一份含有同样的基本原料、同样的卡路里的披萨?
段二
Many people concerned with what they eat would instinctively say the former, perhaps citing a vague concern with “processed food”. Such food can often be delicious. (This columnist has a particular weakness for salty potato crisps.) And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant, when for most of human history they were neither. But as Chris Van Tulleken’s new book, “Ultra-Processed People”, explains, that cheapness and abundance come at a cost.
concern with 关心；涉及；
instinctively adv. 本能地，凭直觉地；
cite vt. 引用；引证；
vague adj. 含糊的；
columnist n. 专栏作家；
particular weakness 特别的喜好；1. particular adj. 格外的，特别的；2. weakness n. 虚弱，软弱；缺点，不足；疲软；癖好，嗜好，宠爱；
He has a weakness for chocolate. 他特别爱吃巧克力。It's important to know your own strengths and weaknesses. 了解自己的优点和缺点是很重要的。
cheer about 为…欢呼；
abundant adj. 大量的，丰富的，充足的；1. abundance n. 大量，丰富；
cheapness n. 廉价；
come at a cost 付出代价；
参考译文
许多关心自己吃什么的人会本能地选择前者，也许是出于对“加工食品”的模糊担忧。此类食物通常美味可口。(笔者特别喜欢咸薯片。)卡路里如今既便宜又丰富，这值得庆幸，尽管在人类历史的大部分时间里并非如此。但正如克里斯·范·图勒肯的新书《超加工的人》所解释的那样，廉价和富足是有代价的。
段三
Mr Van Tulleken, a doctor and television presenter, draws a distinction between “ultra-processed food” (UPF) and “processed food”. Almost everything people consume is processed in some form: rice is harvested and hulled, animals are butchered. He uses a definition proposed by Carlos Monteiro, a food scientist, describing UPF as “formulations of ingredients, mostly of exclusive industrial use, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring sophisticated equipment and technology”. A pizza made from scratch contains minimally processed food (wheat turned into flour, tomatoes into sauce, milk into cheese). The one in the freezer, with its thiamine mononitrate and sodium phosphate, is UPF.
television presenter 电视节目主持人；
draw a distinction 区分，划分界限；1. make a distinction between 区分；
consume vt. 吃，喝；1. Before he died he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol. 他死亡前喝了大量的酒。
in some form 以某种形式；
harvest vt. 收割（庄稼）；
hull vt. [粮食]去壳；
butchered adj. 被屠宰的；
propose vt. 提出（理论或解释）；
formulation n. 配方，配方产品；
exclusive adj. 专用的；
industrial process 工业过程；
sophisticated adj. 复杂巧妙的；先进的；精密的；
minimally adv. 最低限度地；最低程度地；
wheat n. 小麦（植物）；
flour n. 面粉，（谷物磨成的）粉；
sauce n. 酱，调味汁；
thiamine mononitrate 硝酸硫胺；硫胺素；
sodium phosphate 磷酸钠；
参考译文
范·图勒肯是一名医生兼电视节目主持人，他在“超加工食品”和“加工食品”之间划出明确界限。人们吃的几乎所有食品都经过某种形式的加工：大米经过收获和脱壳，动物经过屠宰。他使用了食品科学家卡洛斯·蒙泰罗提出的定义，后者将“超加工食品”描述为“由一系列工业加工过程制成的食品配方，其中大多含工业用途成分，需要依靠复杂的设备和技术”。从头开始制作的披萨含有最低程度的加工食品（小麦制成面粉，西红柿制成酱汁，牛奶制成奶酪）。那份待在冰箱里的比萨含有硫胺素和磷酸钠等食品添加剂，因此是“超加工食品”。
精听党每日单词
confront
/kənˈfrʌnt/ vt. 面对；对抗；
ultra-processed
/ˈʌltrə prəˈsest/ adj. 超加工的；
a bag of
一袋，一包；
crisp
/krɪsp/ n. <英>炸薯片；松脆食品；
kale
/keɪl/ n. 羽衣甘蓝；蔬菜汤；
make from scratch
从零开始制作；
ingredient
/ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n. 材料，佐料，原料；
calorie
/ˈkæləri/ n. 卡（路里）（热量单位）；
pull out of
拉出，取出；
freezer
/ˈfriːzər/ n. 冰箱；冷冻库；
concern with
关心；涉及；
instinctively
/ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/ adv. 本能地，凭直觉地；
cite
/saɪt/ vt. 引用；引证；
vague
/veɪɡ/ adj. 含糊的；
columnist
/ˈkɑːləmnɪst/ n. 专栏作家；
particular weakness
特别的喜好；
cheer about
为…欢呼；
abundant
/əˈbʌndənt/ adj. 大量的，丰富的，充足的；
cheapness
/ˈtʃiːpnəs/ n. 廉价；
come at a cost
付出代价；
television presenter
电视节目主持人；
draw a distinction
区分，划分界限；
consume
/kənˈsuːm/ vt. 吃，喝；
in some form
以某种形式；
harvest
/ˈhɑːrvɪst/ vt. 收割（庄稼）；
hull
/hʌl/ vt. [粮食]去壳；
butchered
/ˈbʊtʃərd/ adj. 被屠宰的；
propose
/prəˈpoʊz/ vt. 提出（理论或解释）；
formulation
/ˌfɔːrmjuˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 配方，配方产品；
exclusive
/ɪkˈskluːsɪv/ adj. 专用的；
industrial process
工业过程；
sophisticated
/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 复杂巧妙的；先进的；精密的；
minimally
/ˈmɪnɪməli/ adv. 最低限度地；最低程度地；
wheat
/wiːt/ n. 小麦（植物）；
flour
/ˈflaʊər/ n. 面粉，（谷物磨成的）粉；
sauce
/sɔːs/ n. 酱，调味汁；
thiamine mononitrate
硝酸硫胺；
sodium phosphate
磷酸钠；
精听党文化拓展
研究显示，与很少吃超加工食品的人相比，每天吃三份及以上的人，会使其DNA端粒长度缩短一倍。端粒是存在于真核细胞线状染色体末端的一小段DNA——蛋白质复合体，作用是保持染色体的完整性和控制细胞分裂周期。
在大多数体细胞中，端粒的长度是有限的。随着年龄的增长，我们的端粒也会自然缩短，因为细胞每分裂一次，端粒就会损失一些。当端粒达到临界长度后，基因表达就会受到影响而引起表达改变，进而导致细胞衰老死亡。
摄入过多的超加工食品，会使染色体末端的DNA端粒链变短，而短端粒正是细胞水平上生物衰老的标志。
常吃超加工食品还有不爱运动、边吃零食边看电视、长时间使用电脑、独居比例较高等不健康生活习惯，都会影响其健康。
超加工食品之所以会导致健康问题，与其糖、盐、饱和脂肪酸、热量都偏高有关。而且，加工过程中会损失很多膳食纤维和维生素。这使得常吃超加工食品的人容易变得肥胖，患心血管病、癌症、肠易激综合征的风险显著升高。
精听党每日美句
All is not gold that glitters./All that glitters is not gold.
闪光的未必都是金子。