文本选自：The Guardian（卫报）
作者：Tom Phillips and Patrick Greenfield
原文标题：Amazon leaders fail to commit to end deforestation by 2030
原文发布时间：9 Aug. 2023
Amazon leaders fail to commit to end deforestation by 2030
Amazon leaders have called on rich countries to help them develop a Marshall-style plan to protect the world's largest rainforest – but stopped short of committing to zero deforestation across the biome by 2030 amid divisions over oil extraction. In a joint declaration at the end of a two-day summit in the Brazilian city of Belém on Wednesday, the eight South American countries that are home to the Amazon rainforest said ensuring its survival could not be solely up to them, as resources from the forest were consumed globally.
Members of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization did not agree a shared commitment to end deforestation this decade, which had been hoped for in the run-up to the regional meeting. The countries were unable to agree a united position on the role of extractive industries in the region such as beef, oil and mining, which are the primary drivers of its destruction.
But they signalled they would work together to ensure the forest's survival through sustainable economic development, appealing for extra resources from industrialised countries to do so before COP28. Brazil and Colombia have reported falling deforestation rates under new leadership in the past 12 months. In the declaration, Amazon leaders called for debt relief in exchange for climate action, agreed to strengthen regional law enforcement cooperation to crack down on human rights violations, illegal mining and pollution, and urged industrialised countries to comply with obligations to provide financial support to developing countries.
亚马逊领导人未能承诺到2030年结束森林砍伐
精听党背景导读
当地时间8月8日，《亚马逊合作条约》（ACT）会议在巴西北部城市贝伦举行，来自玻利维亚、巴西、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、圭亚那、秘鲁、苏里南和委内瑞拉八国的代表参加会议。此次会议上，八国针对区域合作形成了一系列统一的政策措施，但未能就结束森林砍伐的共同目标达成一致。
据法国24电视台8月9日报道，本次峰会首次将亚马逊合作条约组织国聚集在一起，计划从打击森林砍伐到可持续发展融资等问题均形成广泛协议。玻利维亚、巴西、哥伦比亚和秘鲁四国由总统出席峰会，厄瓜多尔、圭亚那、苏里南和委内瑞拉四国则派遣其他高级官员参与会议。
文本选自：The Guardian（卫报）作者：Tom Phillips and Patrick Greenfield原文标题：Amazon leaders fail to commit to end deforestation by 2030原文发布时间：9 Aug. 2023关键词：亚马逊 森林砍伐 峰会
精听党带着问题听
1.“联合声明”用英语可以怎么表达？2.“呼吁”在文中有哪几种表达方式？3. 如何理解段二中的“in the run-up to”？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Amazon leaders fail to commit to end deforestation by 2030
亚马逊领导人未能承诺到2030年结束森林砍伐
commit to do sth. 承诺去做某事；1. commitment n. 忠诚，献身；承诺，保证；
deforestation n. 毁林，滥伐森林；森林砍伐；1. Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation. 发达国家在解决森林砍伐问题上没有什么作为。
段一
Amazon leaders have called on rich countries to help them develop a Marshall-style plan to protect the world’s largest rainforest – but stopped short of committing to zero deforestation across the biome by 2030 amid divisions over oil extraction. In a joint declaration at the end of a two-day summit in the Brazilian city of Belém on Wednesday, the eight South American countries that are home to the Amazon rainforest said ensuring its survival could not be solely up to them, as resources from the forest were consumed globally.
call on 呼吁；公开请求；
Marshall-style adj. 马歇尔式的；1. Marshall plan 马歇尔计划；
biome n. [生态] 生物群系；[生态] 生物群落区；
division n. 分开，分配；除法；部门；分歧，不和；分界线；
oil extraction 石油开采；
joint adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的；连带的；1. She and Frank had never got around to opening a joint account. 她和弗兰克还没能抽出时间开个联名账户。
declaration n. 声明；公告，宣告；
summit n.（政府间的）首脑会议，峰会；山顶，顶峰；
ensure vt. 确保，保证；保护，使安全；
solely adv. 单独地，仅有地；
consume vt. 消耗，消费；吃，喝；1. Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. 一些能效最高的冰箱比传统型号少消耗70%的电。
参考译文
亚马逊领导人呼吁富裕国家帮助他们制定一项马歇尔式的计划，以保护世界上最大的雨林——但由于在石油开采问题上的分歧，他们没有承诺到2030年实现整个生物群落的零砍伐。周三，在巴西贝伦市举行的为期两天的峰会结束时，拥有亚马逊雨林的八个南美国家在一份联合声明中表示，由于森林资源在全球范围内被消耗，确保其生存不能完全取决于他们。
段二
Members of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization did not agree a shared commitment to end deforestation this decade, which had been hoped for in the run-up to the regional meeting. The countries were unable to agree a united position on the role of extractive industries in the region such as beef, oil and mining, which are the primary drivers of its destruction.
in the run-up to 在…之前的准备阶段；
extractive adj. 提取的；可萃取的；精萃的；采掘的；
primary adj. 主要的，首要的；1. His misunderstanding of language was the primary cause of his other problems. 他对语言的误解是他其他问题的主要原因。
destruction n. 破坏，摧毁；1. habitat destruction 栖息地破坏；
参考译文
亚马逊合作条约组织的成员没有同意在本十年结束森林砍伐的共同承诺，而这是在这次区域会议之前所被希望达成的。这些国家无法就该地区牛肉、石油和采矿业等采掘业的作用达成统一立场，而这些行业是该地区遭受破坏的主要原因。
段三
But they signalled they would work together to ensure the forest’s survival through sustainable economic development, appealing for extra resources from industrialised countries to do so before COP28. Brazil and Colombia have reported falling deforestation rates under new leadership in the past 12 months. In the declaration, Amazon leaders called for debt relief in exchange for climate action, agreed to strengthen regional law enforcement cooperation to crack down on human rights violations, illegal mining and pollution, and urged industrialised countries to comply with obligations to provide financial support to developing countries.
signal vt. 告知，表示；
sustainable adj.（计划、方法、体制）可持续的，持续性的；（自然资源）可持续的，不破坏环境的；1. sustainable development 可持续发展；
industrialised adj. 工业化的；
debt relief 债务减免；
strengthen vt. 使（情感、决心等）更强烈，使（关系）更加紧密；巩固（地位），加强（实力）；
crack down 严厉打击；
urge vt. 敦促，催促，力劝；竭力主张，强烈要求；
comply with 遵守；
obligation n. （法律上或道义上的）义务，责任；
参考译文
但他们表示，他们将共同努力，通过可持续的经济发展来确保森林的生存，并呼吁工业化国家在COP28之前提供额外的资源。巴西和哥伦比亚报告称，在过去12个月里，在新领导人的领导下，森林砍伐率有所下降。在宣言中，亚马逊领导人呼吁以债务减免换取气候行动，同意加强区域执法合作以打击侵犯人权、非法采矿和污染，并敦促工业化国家遵守向发展中国家提供财政支持的义务。
精听党每日单词
commit to do sth.
承诺去做某事；
deforestation
/ˌdiːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 毁林，滥伐森林；森林砍伐；
call on
呼吁；公开请求；
Marshall-style
/ˈmɑrʃəl staɪl/ adj. 马歇尔式的；
biome
/ˈbaɪoʊm/ n. [生态] 生物群系；[生态] 生物群落区；
division
/dɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 分开，分配；除法；部门；分歧，不和；分界线；
oil extraction
石油开采；
joint
/dʒɔɪnt/ adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的；连带的；
declaration
/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/ n. 声明；公告，宣告；
summit
/ˈsʌmɪt/ n.（政府间的）首脑会议，峰会；山顶，顶峰；
ensure
/ɪnˈʃʊr/ vt. 确保，保证；保护，使安全；
solely
/ˈsoʊlli/ adv. 单独地，仅有地；
consume
/kənˈsuːm/ vt. 消耗，消费；吃，喝；
in the run-up to
在…之前的准备阶段；
extractive
/ɪkˈstræktɪvˌekˈstræktɪv/ adj. 提取的；可萃取的；精萃的；采掘的；
primary
/ˈpraɪmeri/ adj. 主要的，首要的；
destruction
/dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 破坏，摧毁；
signal
/ˈsɪɡnəl/ vt. 告知，表示；
sustainable
/səˈsteɪnəb(ə)l/ adj.（计划、方法、体制）可持续的，持续性的；（自然资源）可持续的，不破坏环境的；
industrialised
/ɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪzd/ adj. 工业化的；
debt relief
债务减免；
strengthen
/ˈstreŋkθ(ə)n/ vt. 使（情感、决心等）更强烈，使（关系）更加紧密；巩固（地位），加强（实力）；
crack down
严厉打击；
urge
/ɜːrdʒ/ vt. 敦促，催促，力劝；竭力主张，强烈要求；
comply with
遵守；
obligation
/ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n. （法律上或道义上的）义务，责任；
精听党文化拓展
巴西总统卢拉将改善巴西的环境状况作为提高巴西国际声誉的重要手段，因此一直努力推动亚马逊地区国家团结，呼吁各国共同承诺于2030年结束森林砍伐。但8月8日会议后八国发表的联合声明提出，将创立一个打击森林破坏的联盟，允许各国制定自己的结束森林砍伐目标。
报道称，卢拉和其他国家领导人离开会议时并未发表相关评论。不过，巴西外交部长毛罗·维埃拉（Mauro Vieira）在新闻发布会上表示，砍伐森林的问题“不会分裂该地区”，并引用了声明中对“砍伐森林的理解”，但没有给出详细说明。
峰会最终发表《贝伦宣言》，强调对原住民权利的保护，同意在水资源管理、卫生问题以及可持续发展等方面展开广泛合作。此外，参照联合国国际气候变化专门委员会，宣言表示将设立一个科学机构，每年举行会议，并发表与亚马逊雨林有关的权威报告。
精听党每日美句
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。