文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：The battle between American workers and technology heats up
原文发布时间：17 Aug. 2023
The battle between American workers and technology heats up
For more than 200 years Luddites have received bad press—worse even than the British Members of Parliament who voted in 1812 to put to death convicted machine-breakers. Yet even at the time, the aggrieved weavers won popular sympathy, including that of Lord Byron. In an "Ode to Framers of the Frame Bill" the poet wrote: "Some folks for certain have thought it was shocking/ When Famine appeals, and when Poverty groans/ That life should be valued at less than a stocking/ And breaking of frames lead to breaking of bones." He used his maiden speech in the House of Lords to urge for a mixture of "conciliation and firmness" in dealing with the mob, rather than lopping off its "superfluous heads."
Once again, technological upheaval is rife and there is a widespread feeling, even among the patrician classes, that the old ways are in danger of being trampled under foot by the march of progress. In America two big labour disputes—one looming, the other well under way—are, among other things, grappling with potentially seismic transformations caused by decarbonisation and artificial intelligence (AI).
The United Auto Workers (UAW) union, representing employees of Ford, General Motors and Stellantis (maker of Chrysler and Fiat), is threatening a strike when labour contracts end on September 14th. As well as fighting for sharply higher pay, one of its goals is to extend wages and other benefits offered in conventional car manufacturing to people working on electric vehicles (EVs), the production of which typically uses more robots and fewer blue-collar workers.
技术VS工人：对立加剧的美国工厂
精听党背景导读
随着工业化和现代化的不断发展，技术进步和自动化对于传统行业的影响已成为全球的热门议题。技术与劳动之间的关系演变可以追溯到200多年前的卢德运动。当时，为了抵制机械取代手工劳动，一些纺织工人开始破坏纺织机械。这种技术抵制的情绪再次在今天的世界中显现出来，尤其是在碳中和和人工智能技术日益普及的情况下。面对这些新技术，工会和员工如何应对，与企业和政府如何协调，都是此次争议的核心议题。
文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）作者：Unknown原文标题：The battle between American workers and technology heats up原文发布时间：17 Aug. 2023关键词：工人 斗争 技术
精听党带着问题听
1.“被践踏”用英语可以怎么表达？2. 如何理解段一中的“firmness”？3. 文中是如何描述在美国的两大劳资纠纷？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
The battle between American workers and technology heats up
美国工人和技术之间的斗争升温
battle n. 战斗；
heat up 升温；
段一
For more than 200 years Luddites have received bad press—worse even than the British Members of Parliament who voted in 1812 to put to death convicted machine-breakers. Yet even at the time, the aggrieved weavers won popular sympathy, including that of Lord Byron. In an "Ode to Framers of the Frame Bill" the poet wrote: "Some folks for certain have thought it was shocking/ When Famine appeals, and when Poverty groans/ That life should be valued at less than a stocking/ And breaking of frames lead to breaking of bones." He used his maiden speech in the House of Lords to urge for a mixture of "conciliation and firmness" in dealing with the mob, rather than lopping off its "superfluous heads."
Luddite n. 反对新技术（或新工作方法）的人；勒德分子（十九世纪初英国手工业工人中参加捣毁机器的人）；
bad press 负面报道；
Parliament n. 英国议会；
put to death 处死；
convicted adj. 被定罪的；1. He was a convicted criminal. 他是一个被定罪的罪犯。
machine-breaker n. 破坏机器者；1. The machine-breakers were protesting against the use of machinery in their industry. 破坏机器者抗议他们行业中使用机械。
aggrieved adj. 受害的；受委屈的；1. She felt aggrieved by the unfair treatment. 她因不公平的待遇而感到受委屈。
weaver n. 织布工；1. The weavers worked long hours to produce the cloth. 织布工长时间工作以生产布料。
sympathy n. 同情；1. She expressed her sympathy for the victims of the disaster. 她对灾难受害者表示同情。
ode n. 颂诗；颂歌；
framer n. 制造者；制定者；
folk n. 人们；
maiden speech 首次演讲；1. maiden adj. 首次的；初次的；
conciliation n. 调解；1. The two sides agreed to enter into conciliation to resolve their dispute. 双方同意进行调解以解决争端。
firmness n. 坚定；1. She showed great firmness in the face of adversity. 面对逆境，她表现出极大的坚定。
mob n. 暴民；1. The mob was out of control and the police had to intervene. 暴民失控，警方不得不介入。
lop off 砍掉；1. lop v. 砍伐；剪（枝）；
superfluous adj. 过剩的；过多的；多余的；
参考译文
200多年来，勒德分子一直接收到负面报道——甚至比1812年投票将被定罪的机器破坏者处死的英国议员还要糟糕。然而，即使在当时，受害的织布工也赢得了公众的同情，包括拜伦勋爵的同情。在《给框架法案的制定者的颂歌》中，这位诗人写道:“有些人肯定认为这是令人震惊的/当饥荒来袭，当贫困呻吟/生命的价值应该低于一只袜子/而框架的破坏导致了骨头的断裂。” 拜伦勋爵在上议院的首次演讲中呼吁在处理暴民问题上采取“和解与坚定”相结合的方式，而不是砍掉暴民们“多余的脑袋”。
段二
Once again, technological upheaval is rife and there is a widespread feeling, even among the patrician classes, that the old ways are in danger of being trampled under foot by the march of progress. In America two big labour disputes—one looming, the other well under way—are, among other things, grappling with potentially seismic transformations caused by decarbonisation and artificial intelligence (AI).
upheaval n. 剧变；激变；
rife adj. （坏事）盛行，普遍；1. Rumors are rife that he is going to resign. 他要辞职的谣言满天飞。
patrician class 贵族阶级；1. The patrician classes have always enjoyed a privileged position in society. 贵族阶级在社会中一直享有特权地位。
(be) trampled under foot 被践踏；1. The flowers were trampled under foot by the crowd. 鲜花被人群践踏。2. trample v. 踩碎；踩伤；践踏；
labour dispute 劳资纠纷；1. The company is facing several labour disputes with its employees. 这家公司正面临着与员工之间的几起劳资纠纷。
looming adj. 迫近的；1. A major storm is looming on the horizon. 一场大风暴即将来临。
grapple with 努力应对；1. The government is grappling with the problem of unemployment. 政府正在努力应对失业问题。
potentially adv. 可能地，潜在地；
参考译文
再一次，技术剧变盛行，甚至在贵族阶层中也有一种普遍的感觉，即旧的方式有被进步的步伐践踏的危险。在美国，两大劳资纠纷——一场迫在眉睫，另一场正在进行中——正在努力应对脱碳和人工智能(AI)引发的潜在的重大变革。
段三
The United Auto Workers (UAW) union, representing employees of Ford, General Motors and Stellantis (maker of Chrysler and Fiat), is threatening a strike when labour contracts end on September 14th. As well as fighting for sharply higher pay, one of its goals is to extend wages and other benefits offered in conventional car manufacturing to people working on electric vehicles (EVs), the production of which typically uses more robots and fewer blue-collar workers.
United Auto Workers (UAW) 美国汽车工人联合会；1. The United Auto Workers (UAW) is a labor union representing workers in the automotive industry. 美国汽车工人联合会是代表汽车行业工人的工会。
represent vt. 代表；1. She is representing her country at the Olympics. 她代表她的国家参加奥运会。
strike n. 罢工；
labour contract 劳动合同；1. The company is negotiating new labour contracts with its employees. 公司正在与员工就新的劳动合同进行谈判。
sharply adv. 严厉地，尖锐地；急剧地，突然大幅度地；鲜明地，明显地；1. The workers are demanding sharply higher pay. 工人们要求大幅提高工资。
extend vt. 扩展；
conventional car manufacturing 常规汽车制造；传统汽车制造；1. The company specializes in conventional car manufacturing. 该公司专门从事常规汽车制造。
electric vehicles (EVs) 电动汽车；
参考译文
代表福特、通用汽车和斯特兰提斯(克莱斯勒和菲亚特的制造商)员工的美国汽车工人联合会威胁说，9月14日劳动合同到期后将举行罢工。除了争取大幅提高工资外，美国汽车工人联合会的目标之一是将传统汽车制造业提供的工资和其他福利扩大到电动汽车工人身上，电动汽车的生产通常使用更多的机器人和更少的蓝领工人。
精听党每日单词
battle
/ˈbæt(ə)l/ n. 战斗；
heat up
升温；
Luddite
/ˈlʌdaɪt/ n. 反对新技术（或新工作方法）的人；勒德分子（十九世纪初英国手工业工人中参加捣毁机器的人）；
bad press
负面报道；
Parliament
/ˈpɑːrləmənt/ n. 英国议会；
put to death
处死；
convicted
/kənˈvɪktɪd/ adj. 被定罪的；
machine-breaker
/məˈʃiːn ˈbreɪkər/ n. 破坏机器者；
aggrieved
/əˈɡriːvd/ adj. 受害的；受委屈的；
weaver
/ˈwiːvər/ n. 织布工；
sympathy
/ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情；
ode
/oʊd/ n. 颂诗；颂歌；
framer
/ˈfreɪmər/ n. 制造者；制定者；
folk
/foʊk/ n. 人们；
maiden speech
首次演讲；
conciliation
/kənˌsɪliˈeɪʃn/ n. 调解；
firmness
/ˈfɜːrmnəs/ n. 坚定；
mob
/mɑːb/ n. 暴民；
lop off
砍掉；
superfluous
/suːˈpɜːrfluəs/ adj. 过剩的；过多的；多余的；
upheaval
/ʌpˈhiːv(ə)l/ n. 剧变；激变；
rife
/raɪf/ adj. （坏事）盛行，普遍；
patrician class
贵族阶级；
(be) trampled under foot
被践踏；
labour dispute
劳资纠纷；
looming
/ˈluːmɪŋ/ adj. 迫近的；
grapple with
努力应对；
potentially
/pəˈtenʃəli/ adv. 可能地，潜在地；
United Auto Workers (UAW)
美国汽车工人联合会；
represent
/ˌreprɪˈzent/ vt. 代表；
strike
/straɪk/ n. 罢工；
labour contract
劳动合同；
sharply
/ˈʃɑːrpli/ adv. 严厉地，尖锐地；急剧地，突然大幅度地；鲜明地，明显地；
extend
/ɪkˈstend/ vt. 扩展；
conventional car manufacturing
常规汽车制造；传统汽车制造；
electric vehicles (EVs)
电动汽车；
精听党文化拓展
卢德运动（英文名：Luddite Movement）是英国工人以破坏机器为手段反对工厂主压迫和剥削的自发工人运动。首领称为卢德王，故名。相传，莱斯特郡一个名叫卢德（Ludd）的工人，为抗议工厂主的压迫，第一个捣毁织袜机。
工业革命时期，机器生产逐渐排斥手工劳动使大批手工业者破产，工人失业，工资下跌。当时工人把机器视为贫困的根源，用捣毁机器作为反对企业主，争取改善劳动条件的手段，但禁止对人身施用暴力。卢德运动有极严厉的组织纪律，透露内部机密的人会受到严重的处罚，常常以死威胁。1769年，英国国会颁布法令，予以镇压。1811年初卢德运动开始形成高潮。其中心是诺丁汉郡，1811年，诺丁汉郡的袜商不顾行业规矩，生产一种劣质长筒袜，压低袜子价格，严重冲击了织袜工人的正常收入。一些织工秘密组织起来，以“卢德将军”的名义捣毁商人的织袜机。1812年，英国国会通过《保障治安法案》，动用军警对付工人。1813年政府颁布《捣毁机器惩治法》，规定可用死刑惩治破坏机器的工人。1813年在约克郡绞死和流放破坏机器者多人。1814年企业主又成立了侦缉机器破坏者协会，残酷迫害工人。但运动仍继续蔓延。1816年这类运动仍时有发生。
卢德运动是在拿破仑战争严酷的经济环境与新纺织工厂的恶劣工作条件中酝酿形成的。该运动的主体——被称为“勒德分子”（Luddite）——主要反对广泛被使用的、造成众多有技术的纺织业者失业的自动织机，这些织机可以由廉价雇佣而没有技术的劳工操作。
精听党每日美句
Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all.
生活要么是冒险，要么是无趣的生存。