文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:Why are so many Britons not working?
原文发布时间:17 Sept. 2023
Why are so many Britons not working?
Slugabed. Slowpoke. Idler. Loafer. The English language has many evocative terms for those seen as workshy. British politicians have made hearty use of them when debating economic inactivity. Economists, however, used to point out that Britain had a good record on this score. For two decades until 2019 its inactivity rate (the share of people of working age who are neither working nor looking for a job) was among the lowest of any rich country. Then something went awry. Pandemic lockdowns smothered economic activity everywhere. But whereas other economies bounced back—since 2020 the inactivity rate has fallen, on average, by 0.4 percentage points across the OECD, a club of rich countries—in Britain, uniquely, it continues to climb, and is up by 0.5 points. What's going on?
The immediate cause is not disputed: more Britons than ever are classified as unwell. Data released this week showed a remarkable 2.6m people, a record, are economically inactive because of long-term sickness—an increase of 476,000 since early 2020. Inactivity helps explain why firms are struggling with labour shortages and, in part, stubbornly high inflation.
Diagnosing the cause of the swelling sick rolls is trickier. Could covid, its mystery cousin long covid, or shakier mental health post-pandemic be to blame? Hardly. These are not unique to Britain. Instead, the primary cause is in the welfare system. The previous Labour government, and Conservative-led ones since 2010, gradually made it harder for claimants to get incapacity benefits.
为什么这么多英国人没有工作?
精听党背景导读
英国,这个曾经在经济不活跃率上表现出色的国家,近年来却出现了一些令人担忧的变化。在2019年之前的二十年里,英国的经济不活跃率(即工作年龄人口中既不工作也不寻找工作的人的比例)是所有富裕国家中最低的之一。但随着2020年的到来,这一情况发生了变化。尽管其他经济体在经历了大流行封锁后都迅速反弹,但英国的经济不活跃率却持续上升。但随后,一系列事件改变了这一切,尤其是在大流行病爆发后。
但是,这真的只是因为大流行病吗?还是有其他深层次的原因?为什么在其他国家都在努力恢复时,英国的经济不活跃率却持续上升?背后的原因是什么?是医疗系统的问题,还是福利制度的改变?
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:Why are so many Britons not working?原文发布时间:17 Sept. 2023关键词:英国 经济 工作
精听党带着问题听
1. “不愿工作的人”可以用哪些词汇来表达?2. 如何理解段三中的“roll”?3. 为什么企业在劳动力短缺和顽固的高通胀中挣扎?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Why are so many Britons not working?
为什么这么多英国人没有工作?
Briton
n. 英国人;不列颠人;
段一
Slugabed. Slowpoke. Idler. Loafer. The English language has many evocative terms for those seen as workshy. British politicians have made hearty use of them when debating economic inactivity. Economists, however, used to point out that Britain had a good record on this score. For two decades until 2019 its inactivity rate (the share of people of working age who are neither working nor looking for a job) was among the lowest of any rich country. Then something went awry. Pandemic lockdowns smothered economic activity everywhere. But whereas other economies bounced back—since 2020 the inactivity rate has fallen, on average, by 0.4 percentage points across the OECD, a club of rich countries—in Britain, uniquely, it continues to climb, and is up by 0.5 points. What's going on?
slugabed n. 睡懒觉的人;1. My ideal have an easygoing life, I can be a slugabed everyday. 我的理想就是懒懒散散的生活,每天都可以睡懒觉。
slowpoke n. 行动迟缓的人;迟钝的人;
idler n. 懒人;游手好闲者;
loafer n. 懒汉;
evocative adj. 引起记忆的;唤起感情的;1. evocative smells/sounds/music 引起回忆的气味/声音/音乐;
workshy adj. 无工作意愿的;
hearty adj. 强烈的;尽情的;1. a hearty dislike of sth. 对某事物的强烈反感;
inactivity n. 不做任何事,不活动;
on that/this score 就那个(或这个)来说;在那个(或这个)问题上;1. You don't have to worry on that score. 那件事你不必担心。
inactivity rate 不活跃率;
the share of …的份额;…的部份;
go awry 走错了路,出了差错;
lockdown n. 活动(或行动)限制;防范禁闭;
smother vt. 抑制;扼杀;
economic activity 经济活动;
bounce back 反弹,迅速恢复活力,恢复健康(或信心等);重整旗鼓;
OECD abbr. 经济合作与发展组织(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development);
uniquely adv. 独特地;
参考译文
睡懒觉之人、行动迟缓之人、游手好闲之人、懒汉。英语中有很多能唤起人们对那些不愿工作的人的回忆的词汇。英国政客们在讨论经济不活跃的问题时,经常使用这些词语。然而,经济学家过去常常指出,英国在这方面的记录很好。在2019年之前的20年里,英国的经济不活动率(适龄劳动人口中既不工作也不找工作的比例)是所有富裕国家中最低的。然后就出问题了。疫情封锁扼杀了各地的经济活动。但是,当其他经济体反弹的时候——自2020年以来,经济合作与发展组织(一个富裕国家的俱乐部)的不活跃率平均下降了0.4个百分点——在英国,它继续攀升,上升了0.5个百分点。到底怎么回事?
段二
The immediate cause is not disputed: more Britons than ever are classified as unwell. Data released this week showed a remarkable 2.6m people, a record, are economically inactive because of long-term sickness—an increase of 476,000 since early 2020. Inactivity helps explain why firms are struggling with labour shortages and, in part, stubbornly high inflation.
disputed adj. 有争议的;
unwell adj. 有恙的;不舒服的;生病的;
remarkable adj. 引人注目的,非凡的;
economically adv. 经济地;在经济上;
inactive adj. 无行动的;不活动的;不活跃的;
long-term adj. 长期的;
sickness n. 疾病;不健康;
stubbornly adv. 顽固地;固执地,倔强地;
inflation n. 通货膨胀;通胀率;
参考译文
直接原因毋庸置疑的:越来越多的英国人身体状况不佳。本周公布的数据显示,由于长期患病而不从事经济活动的人数达到创纪录的260万人,比2020年初增加47.6万。这解释了为什么企业在劳动力短缺中挣扎,并且部分解释了为何企业在顽固的高通胀中挣扎。
段三
Diagnosing the cause of the swelling sick rolls is trickier. Could covid, its mystery cousin long covid, or shakier mental health post-pandemic be to blame? Hardly. These are not unique to Britain. Instead, the primary cause is in the welfare system. The previous Labour government, and Conservative-led ones since 2010, gradually made it harder for claimants to get incapacity benefits.
swelling n. 膨胀;肿胀;肿块;
roll n.(名单上的)总人数;花名册;名单;1. n. 卷;卷轴;
spring roll 春卷;
2. n. 翻滚;打滚;
rock and roll 摇滚乐;
tricky adj. 难办的;难对付的;
cousin n. 堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹;远房亲戚;
shaky adj. 不稳固的;不牢靠的;
post-pandemic adj. 疫情后的:
hardly adv. 几乎不;几乎没有;
welfare system 福利制度;
Labour government 工党政府;
Conservative-led adj.保守派领导的;
claimant n.(因失业等)领取救济金者;要求者,索要者;
incapacity benefits 丧失工作能力福利;
参考译文
诊断增长的生病人数的原因则更为棘手。新冠病毒及其神秘的表亲长新冠,或者大流行后更不稳定的精神健康,是罪魁祸首吗?几乎不是,这些疾病并非英国独有。相反,主要原因在于福利制度。上届工党政府,以及自2010年以来由保守党领导的政府,逐渐加大了申领失业救济金的难度。
精听党每日单词
Briton
/ˈbrɪtn/ n. 英国人;不列颠人;
slugabed
/ˈslʌɡəˌbed/ n. 睡懒觉的人;
slowpoke
/ˈsloʊpoʊk/ n. 行动迟缓的人;迟钝的人;
idler
/ˈaɪdlər/ n. 懒人;游手好闲者;
loafer
/ˈloʊfər/ n. 懒汉;
evocative
/ɪˈvɑːkətɪv/ adj. 引起记忆的;唤起感情的;
workshy
/ˈwɜrkˌʃaɪ/ adj. 无工作意愿的;
hearty
/ˈhɑːrti/ adj. 强烈的;尽情的;
inactivity
/ˌɪnækˈtɪvəti/ n. 不做任何事,不活动;
on that/this score
就那个(或这个)来说;在那个(或这个)问题上;
inactivity rate
不活跃率;
the share of
…的份额;…的部份;
go awry
走错了路,出了差错;
lockdown
/ˈlɑːkdaʊn/ n. 活动(或行动)限制;防范禁闭;
smother
/ˈsmʌðər/ vt. 抑制;扼杀;
economic activity
经济活动;
bounce back
反弹,迅速恢复活力,恢复健康(或信心等);重整旗鼓;
OECD
abbr. 经济合作与发展组织(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development);
uniquely
/juˈniːkli/ adv. 独特地;
disputed
/dɪˈspjuːtɪd/ adj. 有争议的;
unwell
/ʌnˈwel/ adj. 有恙的;不舒服的;生病的;
remarkable
/rɪˈmɑːrkəb(ə)l/ adj. 引人注目的,非凡的;
economically
/ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪkli/ adv. 经济地;在经济上;
inactive
/ɪnˈæktɪv/ adj. 无行动的;不活动的;不活跃的;
long-term
/ˌlɔːŋ ˈtɜːrm/ adj. 长期的;
sickness
/ˈsɪknəs/ n. 疾病;不健康;
stubbornly
/ˈstʌbərnli/ adv. 顽固地;固执地,倔强地;
inflation
/ɪnˈfleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 通货膨胀;通胀率;
swelling
/ˈswelɪŋ/ n. 膨胀;肿胀;肿块;
roll
/roʊl/ n.(名单上的)总人数;花名册;名单;
tricky
/ˈtrɪki/ adj. 难办的;难对付的;
cousin
/ˈkʌz(ə)n/ n. 堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹;远房亲戚;
shaky
/ˈʃeɪki/ adj. 不稳固的;不牢靠的;
post-pandemic
/poʊst pænˈdemɪk/ adj. 疫情后的:
hardly
/ˈhɑːrdli/ adv. 几乎不;几乎没有;
welfare system
福利制度;
Labour government
工党政府;
Conservative-led
/kənˈsɜːrvətɪv led/ adj.保守派领导的;
claimant
/ˈkleɪmənt/ n.(因失业等)领取救济金者;要求者,索要者;
incapacity benefits
丧失工作能力福利;
精听党文化拓展
一、英国公共福利的历史
英国的公共福利制度源远流长。自中世纪以来,英国就有着悠久的慈善传统。1601年,英国国王詹姆斯一世颁布了《济贫法》,规定政府有责任为穷人提供基本生活保障。这一法案被认为是现代社会福利制度的开端。
19世纪末,英国工人阶级的生存状况引起了社会广泛关注。1911年,英国政府颁布了《国民保险法》,建立了全民保险制度,为工人提供了医疗、失业和养老保险。这一制度为二战后的福利国家奠定了基础。
二、英国公共福利的现状
二战后,英国政府加大了对公共福利的投入。如今,英国的公共福利体系涵盖了医疗、教育、住房、失业和养老等多个领域。然而,在实践中,英国公共福利也面临了一些问题。
首先,公共福利支出巨大,给政府财政带来了巨大压力。其次,福利制度容易让人产生依赖心理,导致一些人不愿意工作。此外,一些福利政策也存在着不公平的现象。
三、英国公共福利的未来
面对当前的问题,英国政府提出了一些改革方案。首先,政府计划通过提高退休年龄、降低养老金等方式缓解财政压力。其次,政府将加强对福利申请的审核,防止不正当申请。此外,政府还将加大对教育、培训等方面的投入,促进就业。
总之,英国的公共福利体系是全球最发达的之一,但也面临着一些挑战。在未来,英国政府可能需要通过改革和创新,不断完善公共福利体系,提高其效率和公平性,才能为人民群众提供更好的福利保障。
精听党每日美句
"Believe you will succeed, and you will." - Dale Carnegie
"相信你会成功,你就会成功。" - 戴尔·卡耐基