文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:How Europe is spluttering its way to better air quality
原文发布时间:16 Apr. 2023
How Europe is spluttering its way to better air quality
As autumn arrived last year, the residents of Nowy Targ, a market town in southern Poland, were given an unusual tip to keep their homes warm in the midst of soaring energy prices. "One needs to burn almost everything in the furnaces, " said Jaroslaw Kaczynski, head of the ruling Law and Justice party, "aside from tyres and similarly harmful things, of course." On a recent visit on a crisp spring day, with snow lingering on the ground, the evidence of locals having taken up Mr Kaczynski's advice could be both seen and sniffed.
Judging from the acrid smoke coming out of some chimneys, a few households may have even skipped the admonition about tyres. As the afternoon progressed and workers returned home to refill home furnaces ahead of chilly evenings, the mountains that skirt the town disappeared behind a dull haze. A bakery by the side of the road to the train station emitted a scent not so much of local delicacies as of combusted leather boots.
Europe prides itself as a green kind of place, the land of 15-minute cities where residents bike from work to yoga classes. But many bits of Europe still stink—literally. Those virtuous cyclists weave their way through streets thronged with diesel engines. Farmers spew ammonia, a pungent gas, into the air. What industry remains is the source of sulphur compounds that harm nature. Perhaps most worryingly, generating energy from fossil fuels to keep homes heated results in invisible clouds of particulate matter which clogs human lungs. Across the EU, over 300,000 people die prematurely from poor air quality every year, according to the EU's environmental arm. That is nearly half the number of excess deaths caused by covid-19 in its first 12 months.
欧洲是如何努力改善空气质量的
精听党背景导读
尽管近几十年来欧洲地区空气质量有所改善,但空气污染仍然是欧洲最大的环境健康风险之一。冬季供暖是导致整个欧洲地区空气污染物超标的主要因素之一,也是粗颗粒物(PM10)的主要来源。分析人士表示,因欧盟多国政府财政赤字激增,改善空气质量所需的大量投资很难彻底落实;由于近期欧洲天然气价格上涨,不少欧洲民众不得不回归烧柴烧炭等高污染的取暖方式,一定程度上也造成空气质量问题恶化。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:How Europe is spluttering its way to better air quality原文发布时间:16 Apr. 2023关键词:欧洲 空气质量 居民
精听党带着问题听
“刺激的”用英语可以如何表达?
如何理解标题的“splutter”?
Jaroslaw Kaczynski的建议是什么?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
How Europe is spluttering its way to better air quality
欧洲是如何努力改善空气质量的
splutter vt. 气急败坏地说;慌张地说;1. v. 发噗噗声;发噼啪声;
better vt. 提高;改善;
air quality 空气质量;
段一
As autumn arrived last year, the residents of Nowy Targ, a market town in southern Poland, were given an unusual tip to keep their homes warm in the midst of soaring energy prices. "One needs to burn almost everything in the furnaces," said Jaroslaw Kaczynski, head of the ruling Law and Justice party, "aside from tyres and similarly harmful things, of course." On a recent visit on a crisp spring day, with snow lingering on the ground, the evidence of locals having taken up Mr Kaczynski's advice could be both seen and sniffed.
market town 集镇;
unusual adj. 特别的;不寻常的;
tip n. 指点;实用的提示;
midst n. 中部;中间;
soaring adj. 激增的;1. soar v. 急升;猛增;
Unemployment has soared to 18%. 失业率飙升至18%。
furnace n. 熔炉;
ruling adj. 统治的;支配的;占统治地位的;1. the ruling party 执政党;
aside from 除了…;1. Aside from a few scratches, I'm OK. 除了几处擦伤,我没事。
tyre n. 轮胎;
crisp adj. 凉爽的;清新的;干燥寒冷让人舒畅的;1. The air was crisp and clear. 空气清新。
linger vi. 继续存留;缓慢消失;1. The faint smell of her perfume lingered in the room. 她那淡淡的香水味在房间里萦绕不去。
take up advice 接受建议;
sniff vi. (吸着气)嗅,闻;
参考译文
去年秋天到来时,波兰南部集镇Nowy Targ的居民得到了一份不同寻常的小贴士,以在能源价格飙升的情况下保持家中的温暖。执政党法律与正义党主席雅罗斯瓦夫·卡钦斯基说:“几乎所有的东西都要在炉子里烧掉,当然,除了轮胎和类似有害的东西。”最近,在一个凉爽的春日,我去(访问)了一次,地上还积着雪,当地人接受卡钦斯基建议的迹象随处可见。
段二
Judging from the acrid smoke coming out of some chimneys, a few households may have even skipped the admonition about tyres. As the afternoon progressed and workers returned home to refill home furnaces ahead of chilly evenings, the mountains that skirt the town disappeared behind a dull haze. A bakery by the side of the road to the train station emitted a scent not so much of local delicacies as of combusted leather boots.
acrid adj.(气、味)辛辣的,难闻的,刺激的;1. acrid smoke from burning tyres 燃烧轮胎产生的刺鼻气味;
chimney n. 烟囱,烟道;
household n. 一家人;家庭;同住一所房子的人;
admonition n. 警告;告诫;
progress vi. (时间上)推移,流逝;1. The weather became colder as the day progressed. 随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越冷。
refill vt. 再装满;重新装满;
chilly adj. 阴冷的,寒冷的;
skirt vt. 环绕……的四周;1. They followed the road that skirted the lake. 他们顺着湖边公路走。
haze n. 薄雾,霾;
bakery n. 面包店;
emit vt. 发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等);
scent n. 气味;
not so much…as… 与其说是…不如说是…;1. He is not so much a writer as a reporter. 与其说他是个作家,不如说他是个记者。
delicacy n. 精美的食物;佳肴;
combusted adj. 燃烧的;烧焦的;
leather boots 皮靴;
参考译文
从一些烟囱里冒出的刺鼻烟雾来看,一些家庭甚至可能忽略了有关轮胎的警告。随着下午时间的推移,工人们赶在寒冷的夜晚来临之前回家给家里的炉子添煤,环绕小镇的群山消失在昏暗的薄雾后面。通往火车站的路边有一家面包店,散发出的味道与其说是当地美食,不如说是皮靴烧焦的味道。
段三
Europe prides itself as a green kind of place, the land of 15-minute cities where residents bike from work to yoga classes. But many bits of Europe still stink—literally. Those virtuous cyclists weave their way through streets thronged with diesel engines. Farmers spew ammonia, a pungent gas, into the air. What industry remains is the source of sulphur compounds that harm nature. Perhaps most worryingly, generating energy from fossil fuels to keep homes heated results in invisible clouds of particulate matter which clogs human lungs. Across the EU, over 300,000 people die prematurely from poor air quality every year, according to the EU's environmental arm. That is nearly half the number of excess deaths caused by covid-19 in its first 12 months.
pride vt. 引以为荣;为…而骄傲;1. She had always prided herself on her appearance. 她一向为自己的外表感到骄傲。
bike vi. 骑自行车(单车);
stink vi. 有臭味;有难闻的气味;1. Her breath stank of garlic. 她嘴里(呼吸中)有股大蒜味。
literally adv. 按字面;字面上;真正地,确实地;
virtuous adj. 品行端正的;品德高的;有道德的;1. She lived an entirely virtuous life. 她一生品行端正。
cyclist n. 骑自行车的人;
weave vt. 迂回行进,穿行(以避开障碍);1. She was weaving in and out of the traffic. 她在来往的车辆中穿来穿去。
throng vt. 群集;拥塞;拥向;1. throng with…/be thronged with… 挤满(人、汽车等);
The streets were thronged with people. 街上挤满了人。
diesel n. 柴油;1. a diesel engine (= one that burns diesel ) 柴油机;
spew vt.(使)喷出,涌出;1. Flames spewed from the aircraft's engine. 飞机发动机喷出火焰。
ammonia n. 氨;氨水;
pungent adj. 味道(或气味)强烈的;刺激性的;
sulphur n. 硫,硫磺;
compound n. 化合物;
fossil fuels 化石燃料;
particulate adj. 微粒(形式)的;颗粒(状)的;
clog vt. 阻塞,堵塞;1. The narrow streets were clogged with traffic. 狭窄的街道上挤满了车辆。
EU abbr. 欧盟(European Union);
die from… 死于…;
prematurely adv. 过早地;
arm n. 分部;职能部门;
excess adj. 额外的;
参考译文
欧洲以自己是一个绿色的地方而自豪,在这个15分钟车程的城市里,居民们从工作地点骑自行车去上瑜伽课。但是欧洲的许多地方仍然臭气熏天。那些善良(品行端正)的自行车手在满是柴油发动机的街道上穿行。农民向空气中排放刺激性气体氨。工业留下的是危害自然的硫化物的来源。也许最令人担忧的是,从化石燃料中产生能源来为家庭供暖会产生无形的颗粒物质云,堵塞人类的肺部。根据欧盟环境部门的数据,在整个欧盟,每年有超过30万人因空气质量差而过早死亡。这几乎是新冠疫情在头12个月造成的额外死亡人数的一半。
精听党每日单词
splutter
/ˈsplʌtər/ vt. 气急败坏地说;慌张地说;
better
/ˈbetər/ vt. 提高;改善;
air quality
空气质量;
market town
集镇;
unusual
/ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 特别的;不寻常的;
tip
/tɪp/ n. 指点;实用的提示;
midst
/mɪdst/ n. 中部;中间;
soaring
/sɔːrɪŋ/ adj. 激增的;
furnace
/ˈfɜːrnɪs/ n. 熔炉;
ruling
/ˈruːlɪŋ/ adj. 统治的;支配的;占统治地位的;
aside from
除了…;
tyre
/ˈtaɪər/ n. 轮胎;
crisp
/krɪsp/ adj. 凉爽的;清新的;干燥寒冷让人舒畅的;
linger
/ˈlɪŋɡər/ vi. 继续存留;缓慢消失;
take up advice
接受建议;
sniff
/snɪf/ vi. (吸着气)嗅,闻;
acrid
/ˈækrɪd/ adj.(气、味)辛辣的,难闻的,刺激的;
chimney
/ˈtʃɪmni/ n. 烟囱,烟道;
household
/ˈhaʊshoʊld/ n. 一家人;家庭;同住一所房子的人;
admonition
/ˌædməˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 警告;告诫;
progress
/ˈprɑːɡres/ vi. (时间上)推移,流逝;
refill
/riːˈfɪl; ˈriːfɪl/ vt. 再装满;重新装满;
chilly
/ˈtʃɪli/ adj. 阴冷的,寒冷的;
skirt
/skɜːrt/ vt. 环绕……的四周;
haze
/heɪz/ n. 薄雾,霾;
bakery
/ˈbeɪkəri/ n. 面包店;
emit
/iˈmɪt/ vt. 发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等);
scent
/sent/ n. 气味;
not so much…as…
与其说是…不如说是…;
delicacy
/ˈdelɪkəsi/ n. 精美的食物;佳肴;
combusted
/kəmˈbʌstɪd/ adj. 燃烧的;烧焦的;
leather boots
皮靴;
pride
/praɪd/ vt. 引以为荣;为…而骄傲;
bike
/baɪk/ vi. 骑自行车(单车);
stink
/stɪŋk/ vi. 有臭味;有难闻的气味;
literally
/ˈlɪtərəli/ adv. 按字面;字面上;真正地,确实地;
virtuous
/ˈvɜːrtʃuəs/ adj. 品行端正的;品德高的;有道德的;
cyclist
/ˈsaɪklɪst/ n. 骑自行车的人;
weave
/wiːv/ vt. 迂回行进,穿行(以避开障碍);
throng
/θrɔːŋ/ vt. 群集;拥塞;拥向;
diesel
/ˈdiːz(ə)l/ n. 柴油;
spew
/spjuː/ vt.(使)喷出,涌出;
ammonia
/əˈmoʊniə/ n. 氨;氨水;
pungent
/ˈpʌndʒənt/ adj. 味道(或气味)强烈的;刺激性的;
sulphur
/ˈsʌlfər/ n. 硫,硫磺;
compound
/ˈkɑːmpaʊnd/ n. 化合物;
fossil fuels
化石燃料;
particulate
/pɑːrˈtɪkjələt/ adj. 微粒(形式)的;颗粒(状)的;
clog
/klɑːɡ/ vt. 阻塞,堵塞;
EU
abbr. 欧盟(European Union);
die from…
死于…;
prematurely
/ˌpriːməˈtʃʊrli; ˌpriːməˈtʊrli/ adv. 过早地;
arm
/ɑːrm/ n. 分部;职能部门;
excess
/ɪkˈses/ adj. 额外的;
精听党文化拓展
在斯洛文尼亚,57%的空气污染由家庭供暖导致,在斯洛伐克和保加利亚,这一指标分别为50%和45%。道路交通造成的二氧化氮超标排放也是导致欧洲地区空气污染的主要原因,六成以上的城市中心和主要道路周边存在二氧化氮超标问题。以德国首都柏林为例,1990年至2020年期间,城市几条交通干道的空气污染一直大大超过欧盟标准,而75%的超标值是由汽车排放的废气造成的。
为应对日益严峻的空气污染问题,欧盟委员会于2022年10月提议修订欧盟《环境空气质量指令》,制定2030年中期目标。具体措施包括定期评估空气质量标准,降低主要空气污染物细颗粒物年度限值,加强空气质量监测与信息公开,通过有效处罚保障污染受害者权益等。具体目标包括,到2030年,因接触细颗粒物而导致过早死亡的人数与2005年相比减少55%,细颗粒物的年度限值从现在的25微克/立方米降至10微克/立方米。
为改善空气质量,尤其是解决道路交通导致的空气污染问题,一些欧盟国家采取了针对性举措。德国柏林市将污染问题最突出的5条道路的限速从每小时50公里降至每小时30公里,以进一步降低污染物排放,提高空气质量。比利时布鲁塞尔在全市范围内开展了市内道路限速每小时30公里的措施。西班牙马德里市政府使用高精度空气质量模型分析历史空气质量、空气污染物和温室气体排放等数据,制定相应空气质量改善计划,主要措施包括:投资3.5亿欧元,为城市公交系统配备更多电动公交车和混合动力公交车;在4年内为出租车公司提供560万欧元补贴,激励其提升电动或混合动力车辆的比例等。
精听党每日美句
Pursue your object, be it what it will, steadily and indefatigably.
不管追求什么目标,都应坚持不懈。