文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:Why France is arguing about work, and the right to be lazy
原文发布时间:7 Feb. 2023
Why France is arguing about work, and the right to be lazy
"Macron, take your retirement, not ours!" read one hand-painted placard during a recent protest march in Paris. "Metro, work, grave", read another, on a more existential note. President Emmanuel Macron's government is steeling itself for fresh one-day strikes and demonstrations on February 7th and 11th, in protest at its plan to raise the minimum pension age from 62 years to 64. Two previous strikes in January each brought more than 1m people onto the streets across the country. All of France's trade unions back further industrial action. Most opposition parties, and a majority of the French themselves, are also resolutely against the pension reform.
The legislation, which goes to parliament on February 6th, has not only divided the country but prompted a dialogue of the deaf. The government says the reform is "indispensable" if the pension regime is to balance its books, and France is to preserve its generous pensions, at a time when people are living nearly a decade longer than they did in 1980. Opponents accuse the government of brutally dismantling the hard-won rights of a modern welfare state.
So far Mr Macron's centrist government has failed to convince the French that raising the retirement age is either a necessary or a fair way to plug an annual pension deficit that will reach €14bn ($15.2bn) by 2030. Critics from the opposition left-wing alliance, NUPES, say that it would be fairer to tax "super-profits", or the rich.
法国为何争论工作和懒惰权
精听党背景导读
中新网2月1日报道,法国工会在1月19日、1月31日,发起两次罢工,反对法国政府的养老金改革计划。
法国政府养老金计划是:今年夏末开始至2030年,法定退休年龄将从目前的62岁逐步提高到64岁;2027年起,退休者只有在缴纳社会分摊金满43年的前提下,才能领取全额养老金。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:Why France is arguing about work, and the right to be lazy原文发布时间:7 Feb. 2023关键词:法国 退休 抗议
精听党带着问题听
1.“养老金计划”用英语可以如何表达?2. 如何理解第二段中的“a dialogue of the deaf”?3. 到2030年,法国养老金赤字将达到多少?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Why France is arguing about work, and the right to be lazy
法国为何争论工作和懒惰权
argue about sth.
争论某事;议论某事;
段一
“Macron, take your retirement, not ours!” read one hand-painted placard during a recent protest march in Paris. “Metro, work, grave”, read another, on a more existential note. President Emmanuel Macron’s government is steeling itself for fresh one-day strikes and demonstrations on February 7th and 11th, in protest at its plan to raise the minimum pension age from 62 years to 64. Two previous strikes in January each brought more than 1m people onto the streets across the country. All of France’s trade unions back further industrial action. Most opposition parties, and a majority of the French themselves, are also resolutely against the pension reform.
retirement n. 退休,退职;退休生活,退休期间;(运动员)停止参赛,退役;
read vt. 写着;1. The sign reads “No admittance”. 告示牌上写着“禁止进入”。
painted adj. 描画的;着色的;刷上油漆的;1. hand-painted adj. 手工涂的,手绘的;
placard n. 海报,标语牌;招贴;
protest march 抗议游行;示威游行;1. protest n. 抗议,反对;抗议活动;声明,断言;2. march n. 三月(March);示威游行;行进,行军;
metro n.(尤指法国的)地铁,地铁系统;大都市;伦敦地下铁道;1. tube n. 伦敦地下铁道;2. underground n. <英> 地铁;
grave n. 坟墓,墓穴;死亡,终结;(废旧机器等的)堆积处;
existential adj. 有关存在的,存在主义的,存在判断的;
note n. 声调,口气,情绪,气氛;1. to strike the wrong note 说话/办事不得体;2. Now on a less serious note,let’s… 现在换个轻松一点的话题,让我们…;3. to hold a note of… 带有…的口吻;4. His comment struck a sour note. 他的评论带着刻薄的口吻。
steel vt. 使坚强地做(或面对);钢化;1. to steel oneself 鼓起勇气/准备迎接(不愉快的事情);2. He steeled himself for the awful truth. 他鼓起勇气面对残酷的事实。3. to steel oneself to do sth. 下决心做某事;
demonstration n. 演示,展示;游行,示威;
raise vt. 提起;举起;竖起;增加;提高;
pension n. 养老金,退休金;1. pension fund 养老基金;退休基金;2. pension insurance 养老保险;3. pension plan 养老金计划;
trade unions 工会;
back vt.(经济、物质或道德上)支持;增援(以增强);1. back up 支持,援助;(资料)备份;倒退;2. back down 放弃;让步;3. back out 退出;收回;
further adj. 更多的,进一步的;(距离上)更远的,较远的;
industrial action (罢工等)劳工行动;1. take industrial action 采取劳工行动;
opposition n.(强烈的) 反对,反抗;对手,竞争者(the opposition);反对党,在野党( the Opposition);
resolutely adv. 坚决地;毅然地;
reform n. 改革,改良;
参考译文
在巴黎最近的一次抗议游行中,一张手绘的标语牌写道,“马克龙,你不退休,别不让我们退休!”。另一个写着,“通勤(地铁)、工作、死亡”,字里行间更多透露着生命的意义。新一轮为期一天的罢工和示威活动将于2月7日和11日举行,抗议政府将领取养老金的最低年龄从62岁提高至64岁的计划,埃马纽埃尔·马克龙(Emmanuel Macron)执政的法国政府正为此做应对准备。前两次罢工发生于今年1月,每次法国上下都有超过100万人走上街头。法国所有工会都支持采取进一步劳工行动。大部分反对党,以及大多数法国人本身也坚决反对养老金改革。
段二
The legislation, which goes to parliament on February 6th, has not only divided the country but prompted a dialogue of the deaf. The government says the reform is “indispensable” if the pension regime is to balance its books, and France is to preserve its generous pensions, at a time when people are living nearly a decade longer than they did in 1980. Opponents accuse the government of brutally dismantling the hard-won rights of a modern welfare state.
legislation n. 法规,法律;立法,制订法律;
parliament n. 议会,国会;
prompt vt. 促使,导致;鼓励,提示(说话者);
dialogue n. 对白;对话,交换意见;
deaf adj. 聋的;置若罔闻的;不愿听的,装聋的;1. a dialogue of the deaf 鸡同鸭讲,对牛弹琴,各执一词;
As long as those two are still in a dialogue of the deaf, we'll never reach an agreement. 只要那两个人还是各执一词,我们就永远无法达成一致。
indispensable adj. 不可或缺的,必需的;不能撇开的,责无旁贷的;
regime n.(尤指独裁的)政府,政权;(机构、公司、经济等的)管理制度,组织方法;
books n.(公司或组织机构的)账册,账簿,名册;1. to keep the books 记账;2. to close the books 结平账目;3. to be on sb./sth.'s books 已在某处登记入册;
She is on the books of the tennis club. 她是网球俱乐部的注册会员。
4. to be on the books(law) …是现行法律;
preserve vt. 保护,维护;保持,维持;
opponent n. 对手,竞争者;反对者,阻止者;
accuse sb. of sth. 因某事控告某人;指控;
brutally adv. 残忍地;野蛮地;兽性地;
dismantle vt. 拆开,拆卸;废除,取消;
hard-won adj. 来之不易的;难得的;
参考译文
这项于2月6日提交议会的立法,不仅使国家产生了内部分歧,各方还各执一词。法国政府表示,在人们的寿命比1980年增加了近10年的情况下,如果养老金制度要保持收支平衡,法国要保持其丰厚的养老金,改革是“必不可少的”。反对者指责政府残酷地剥夺了当代高福利国家来之不易的权利。
段三
So far Mr Macron’s centrist government has failed to convince the French that raising the retirement age is either a necessary or a fair way to plug an annual pension deficit that will reach €14bn ($15.2bn) by 2030. Critics from the opposition left-wing alliance, NUPES, say that it would be fairer to tax “super-profits”, or the rich.
centrist adj. 持温和政治观点的;主张温和政策的;
plug vt. 堵,塞;补足;
deficit n. 亏损,赤字,不足额;
critic n. 批评家,评论员;批评者;
left-wing alliance 左翼联盟;1. left-wing adj. 左派的;2. alliance n. 联盟,结盟;结盟团体,结盟国家;
NUPES abbr. 新环保与社会人民联盟( Nouvelle Union populaire écologique et sociale,NUPES);
tax vt. 对……征税;1. Many self-employed people are heavily taxed. 许多私营者被课以重税。2. Government can always tax more people to back up its loans. 政府总能收更多的税来支持它的贷款。
super-profits n. 超额利润;
参考译文
到目前为止,马克龙所属的中间派联盟还没能让法国人民相信,延迟退休年龄是填补年度养老金赤字的必要或公平手段。到2030年,法国养老金赤字将达到140亿欧元(合152亿美元)。反对党左翼联盟“新环保与社会人民新联盟”的批评人士则表示,对“超额的利润”或富人征税会更公平。
精听党每日单词
argue about sth.
争论某事;议论某事;
retirement
/rɪˈtaɪərmənt/ n. 退休,退职;退休生活,退休期间;(运动员)停止参赛,退役;
read
/riːd , red/ vt. 写着;
painted
/ˈpeɪntɪd/ adj. 描画的;着色的;刷上油漆的;
placard
/ˈplækɑːrd/ n. 海报,标语牌;招贴;
protest march
抗议游行;示威游行;
metro
/ˈmetroʊ/ n.(尤指法国的)地铁,地铁系统;大都市;伦敦地下铁道;
grave
/ɡreɪv/ n. 坟墓,墓穴;死亡,终结;(废旧机器等的)堆积处;
existential
/ˌeɡzɪˈstenʃl/ adj. 有关存在的,存在主义的,存在判断的;
note
/noʊt/ n. 声调,口气,情绪,气氛;
steel
/stiːl/ vt. 使坚强地做(或面对);钢化;
demonstration
/ˌdemənˈstreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 演示,展示;游行,示威;
raise
/reɪz/ vt. 提起;举起;竖起;增加;提高;
pension
/ˈpenʃən/ n. 养老金,退休金;
trade unions
工会;
back
/bæk/ vt.(经济、物质或道德上)支持;增援(以增强);
further
/ˈfɜːrðər/ adj. 更多的,进一步的;(距离上)更远的,较远的;
industrial action
(罢工等)劳工行动;
opposition
/ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ n.(强烈的) 反对,反抗;对手,竞争者(the opposition);反对党,在野党( the Opposition);
resolutely
/ˈrezəluːtli/ adv. 坚决地;毅然地;
reform
/rɪˈfɔːrm/ n. 改革,改良;
legislation
/ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 法规,法律;立法,制订法律;
parliament
/ˈpɑːrləmənt/ n. 议会,国会;
prompt
/prɑːmpt/ vt. 促使,导致;鼓励,提示(说话者);
dialogue
/ˈdaɪəlɔːɡ/ n. 对白;对话,交换意见;
deaf
/def/ adj. 聋的;置若罔闻的;不愿听的,装聋的;
indispensable
/ˌɪndɪˈspensəb(ə)l/ adj. 不可或缺的,必需的;不能撇开的,责无旁贷的;
regime
/reɪˈʒiːm/ n.(尤指独裁的)政府,政权;(机构、公司、经济等的)管理制度,组织方法;
books
/bʊks/ n.(公司或组织机构的)账册,账簿,名册;
preserve
/prɪˈzɜːrv/ vt. 保护,维护;保持,维持;
opponent
/əˈpoʊnənt/ n. 对手,竞争者;反对者,阻止者;
accuse sb. of sth.
因某事控告某人;指控;
brutally
/ˈbruːtəli/ adv. 残忍地;野蛮地;兽性地;
dismantle
/dɪsˈmænt(ə)l/ vt. 拆开,拆卸;废除,取消;
hard-won
/ˌhɑːrd ˈwʌn/ adj. 来之不易的;难得的;
centrist
/ˈsentrɪst/ adj. 持温和政治观点的;主张温和政策的;
plug
/plʌɡ/ vt. 堵,塞;补足;
deficit
/ˈdefɪsɪt/ n. 亏损,赤字,不足额;
critic
/ˈkrɪtɪk/ n. 批评家,评论员;批评者;
left-wing alliance
左翼联盟;
NUPES
abbr. 新环保与社会人民联盟( Nouvelle Union populaire écologique et sociale,NUPES);
tax
/tæks/ vt. 对……征税;
super-profits
/ˈsuːpər-ˈprɑːfɪts/ n. 超额利润;
精听党文化拓展
法国是欧洲的高福利国家,福利包括:
1、公民从出生到死亡可以享受400多个名目的福利保险。
2、3岁之前的孩子上政府补贴的托儿所,从3岁-16岁阶段的教育属于免费义务教育,包括幼儿园,小学和中学阶段,高等教育阶段不是义务教育。但是如果高等教育也是在公立学校就读,也是一直免费,相当于在法国是提供终身免费公立教育。国家还会给助学金。
3、失业者在失业两年间,可以领取每月最高5000欧元的失业金;
4、失业的单亲妈妈政府每个月固定发“工资”,租房补贴,另外还有“家庭开支补贴”;
5、产妇可以自己决定要休一年产假还是两年;
6、员工生病请病假,按照《劳工法》工资全发等。
7、法国一周的工作时间平均35个小时.
8、法国在医疗方面的投入占国民生产总值的11.6%。高达99%的法国人享有免费基本医疗保险并报销70%。法国医疗保险:分为“基础医疗保险”和“补充保险”,“基础医疗保险”一般报销医疗花费的70%左右,“补充保险”使得剩余的30%也可以得到相应的报销。根据个人收入情况,公民每年仅交三四百欧元的医保费,失业者免交。
精听党每日美句
The car will find its way round the hill when it gets there.
车到山前必有路。