文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:The importance of handwriting is becoming better understood
原文发布时间:3 Oct. 2023
The importance of handwriting is becoming better understood
Two and a half millennia ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently and externally, they would no longer need to memorise. It is tempting to dismiss him as an old man complaining about change. Socrates did not have a stack of peer-reviewed science to make his case about the usefulness of learning concepts by heart.
Today a different debate is raging about the dangers of another technology—computers—and the typing people do on them. As primary-school pupils and PhD hopefuls return for a new school year in the northern hemisphere, many will do so with a greater-than-ever reliance on computers to take notes and write papers. Some parents of younger students are dismayed that their children are not just encouraged but required to tote laptops to class. University professors complain of rampant distraction in classrooms, with students reading and messaging instead of listening to lectures.
A line of research shows the benefits of an "innovation" that predates computers: handwriting. Studies have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to imparting a better conceptual grasp of complicated ideas. For learning material by rote, from the shapes of letters to the quirks of English spelling, the benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The arrangement of squiggles on a page feeds into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class as being at the bottom-left on a page, par exemple.
书写的重要性正得到更好的理解
精听党背景导读
在今天这个电子产品随处可见的时代,许多人更倾向于用电脑或者平板做笔记,写论文。相比键盘打字,有人会说纸质笔记的效率太低,也有人会说纸质笔记可以更好地帮助我们理解消化笔记内容。那么手写与打字到底孰优孰劣?
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:The importance of handwriting is becoming better understood原文发布时间:3 Oct. 2023关键词:手写 电脑 记忆
精听党带着问题听
1. 苏格拉底是怎么评价书写的?2.“死记硬背”用英语可以怎么表达?3. 如何理解段三中的“motor”?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
The importance of handwriting is becoming better understood
书写的重要性正得到更好的理解
handwriting
n. 手写,书写;笔迹,书法;手稿;
段一
Two and a half millennia ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently and externally, they would no longer need to memorise. It is tempting to dismiss him as an old man complaining about change. Socrates did not have a stack of peer-reviewed science to make his case about the usefulness of learning concepts by heart.
millennia n. 千年期;千周年纪念日(millennium的复数);
Socrates n. 苏格拉底(古希腊哲学家);
permanently adv. 永久地;(问题或困难)不断发生地,一直存在地;
externally adv. 外部地;外表上,外形上;
memorise vi. 记忆;存储(memorize的英式拼写);
tempting adj. 诱人的,吸引人的;
dismiss vt. 开除,解雇;不考虑,不理会;驳回,停止受理;
a stack of 一堆,一叠;
peer-reviewed adj. 经同行评议的;
make one's case 陈述某人的理由;1. He tried to make his case for the new project, but the boss wasn't convinced. 他试图为新项目陈述理由,但老板并未被说服。
by heart 熟记,背诵;1. She knows the song by heart and can sing it without looking at the lyrics. 她把这首歌熟记于心,可以不看歌词唱出来。
参考译文
两千五百年前,苏格拉底抱怨书写会毒害学生。有了书写,思想就能永久储存在人脑之外,学生们也就不再需要记忆。人们很容易对他的这种观点嗤之以鼻,认为他是一个抱怨变化的老人。毕竟苏格拉底没有一堆经过同行评议的科学论文来论证熟记概念的实用性。
段二
Today a different debate is raging about the dangers of another technology—computers—and the typing people do on them. As primary-school pupils and PhD hopefuls return for a new school year in the northern hemisphere, many will do so with a greater-than-ever reliance on computers to take notes and write papers. Some parents of younger students are dismayed that their children are not just encouraged but required to tote laptops to class. University professors complain of rampant distraction in classrooms, with students reading and messaging instead of listening to lectures.
debate n. 讨论,辩论;
rage about 大发雷霆;1. He was raging about the unfair treatment he received at work. 他对工作中受到的不公平待遇大发雷霆。
pupil n. 学生,(尤指)小学生;
hopeful n. 有希望获得成功的人;种子选手;
hemisphere n.(地球的)半球;脑半球;(球体的)一半;
greater-than-ever adj. 比以往任何时候都更大的;1. Our company's profits are greater than ever this year. 我们公司今年的利润比以往任何时候都多。
reliance n. 依靠,信任;1. reliance on 依靠;信赖;
We should avoid reliance on a single country for our energy supplies. 我们应该避免只依赖单一国家提供能源。
take notes 做笔记;
dismayed adj. 担心的;失望的;1. to be dismayed by/at sth. 对某事感到惊愕;
tote vt. 手提;携带;背负;
rampant adj. 泛滥的,猖獗的;(植物)过于繁茂的,疯长的;1. run rampant 猖狂;泛滥成灾;
参考译文
如今,有一场激烈的争论围绕另一项技术——电脑——以及用电脑打字的危害展开。北半球新学年伊始,小学生以及有望获得博士学位的学生们陆续返校学习,很多人将比以往任何时候都更加依赖计算机来做笔记和写论文。让一些低年级学生家长感到担忧的是,他们的孩子不仅被鼓励,甚至被要求携带笔记本电脑上课。大学教授们抱怨说,教室里走神的现象非常严重,学生们上课时看书、发消息,而不是听老师讲课。
段三
A line of research shows the benefits of an “innovation” that predates computers: handwriting. Studies have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to imparting a better conceptual grasp of complicated ideas. For learning material by rote, from the shapes of letters to the quirks of English spelling, the benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The arrangement of squiggles on a page feeds into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class as being at the bottom-left on a page, par exemple.
innovation n. 新事物,新方法;革新,创新;
predate vt. 在日期上早于(先于);
recall vt. 记起,回想起;使想起,使想到;召回,叫回(某人);
random adj. 任意的,随机的,胡乱的;
impart vt. 传授,告知;赋予,给予;1. to impart sth. to sb. 将…赋予某人;2. Wine imparts elegance to a meal. 葡萄酒能给进餐带来优雅的氛围。
grasp n. 紧抓,紧握;理解(力),领会;能力所及,伸手可及的距离;控制,权力;1. in the grasp of sb./sth. 在某人/某物的控制之中;2. to escape from sb.'s grasp 逃脱某人的控制;3. to have a good/sound grasp of sth. 对某事物有充分/彻底的理解;4. to have a poor grasp of sth. 对某事物了解甚少;5. within sb.'s grasp 在某人的理解范围内;6. beyond sb.'s grasp 超出某人的理解范围;
rote n. 死记硬背;1. by rote 死记硬背;2. rote learning 机械学习;机械式学习;
quirk n. 怪癖, 怪异的性格(或行为);(偶然发生的)怪事,奇事;1. one of his little quirks 他的一个小小的怪癖;
motor adj. 机动的;汽车的,车辆的;肌肉运动的,运动神经的;
sensory adj. 感觉的,感官的;
reinforce vt. 加强,强化(观点、思想或感觉);加固,使更结实;
squiggle n. 胡乱写的字;花体;
feed into 注入,流入;提供原料;
visual adj. 视觉的,视力的;1. visual memory 视觉记忆;
She has a strong visual memory and can easily recall images she has seen before. 她有很强的视觉记忆能力,可以轻松回忆起之前看过的图像。
par exemple (法)例如(等于 for example);
参考译文
手写是一项早于电脑的“创新”,一系列研究表明了手写的益处。研究发现,在纸上写字有许多促进作用,比如让人更容易记住一连串随机的单词、更好地掌握复杂概念等等。对于通过死记硬背来学习材料,比如学习字母的形状和无规则的英语拼写,用笔或铅笔写的好处在于,将单词写在纸上的肌肉记忆和感官记忆可以强化对材料的学习效果。纸上排列的曲线笔画会进入视觉记忆:比如,人们可能记得法语课上在某页左下角写下的一个单词。
精听党每日单词
handwriting
/ˈhændraɪtɪŋ/ n. 手写,书写;笔迹,书法;手稿;
millennia
/mɪˈleniə/ n. 千年期;千周年纪念日(millennium的复数);
Socrates
/ˈsɑːkrəˌtiːz/ n. 苏格拉底(古希腊哲学家);
permanently
/ˈpɜːrmənəntli/ adv. 永久地;(问题或困难)不断发生地,一直存在地;
externally
/ɪkˈstɜːrnəli/ adv. 外部地;外表上,外形上;
memorise
/ˈmeməraɪz/ vi. 记忆;存储(memorize的英式拼写);
tempting
/ˈtemptɪŋ/ adj. 诱人的,吸引人的;
dismiss
/dɪsˈmɪs/ vt. 开除,解雇;不考虑,不理会;驳回,停止受理;
a stack of
一堆,一叠;
peer-reviewed
/ˌpɪr rɪˈvjuːd/ adj. 经同行评议的;
make one's case
陈述某人的理由;
by heart
熟记,背诵;
debate
/dɪˈbeɪt/ n. 讨论,辩论;
rage about
大发雷霆;
pupil
/ˈpjuːp(ə)l/ n. 学生,(尤指)小学生;
hopeful
/ˈhoʊpf(ə)l/ n. 有希望获得成功的人;种子选手;
hemisphere
/ˈhemɪsfɪr/ n.(地球的)半球;脑半球;(球体的)一半;
greater-than-ever
/ˈgreɪtər ðæn ˈevər/ adj. 比以往任何时候都更大的;
reliance
/rɪˈlaɪəns/ n. 依靠,信任;
take notes
做笔记;
dismayed
/dɪsˈmeɪd/ adj. 担心的;失望的;
tote
/toʊt/ vt. 手提;携带;背负;
rampant
/ˈræmpənt/ adj. 泛滥的,猖獗的;(植物)过于繁茂的,疯长的;
innovation
/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 新事物,新方法;革新,创新;
predate
/ˌpriːˈdeɪt/ vt. 在日期上早于(先于);
recall
/rɪˈkɔːl/ vt. 记起,回想起;使想起,使想到;召回,叫回(某人);
random
/ˈrændəm/ adj. 任意的,随机的,胡乱的;
impart
/ɪmˈpɑːrt/ vt. 传授,告知;赋予,给予;
grasp
/ɡræsp/ n. 紧抓,紧握;理解(力),领会;能力所及,伸手可及的距离;控制,权力;
rote
/roʊt/ n. 死记硬背;
quirk
/kwɜːrk/ n. 怪癖, 怪异的性格(或行为);(偶然发生的)怪事,奇事;
motor
/ˈmoʊtər/ adj. 机动的;汽车的,车辆的;肌肉运动的,运动神经的;
sensory
/ˈsensəri/ adj. 感觉的,感官的;
reinforce
/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrs/ vt. 加强,强化(观点、思想或感觉);加固,使更结实;
squiggle
/ˈskwɪɡl/ n. 胡乱写的字;花体;
feed into
注入,流入;提供原料;
visual
/ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视觉的,视力的;
par exemple
(法)例如(等于 for example);
精听党文化拓展
1.良好的书写可以提高学习成绩
研究已经证明,书写和学习成绩之间有着正相关的联系,特别对于阅读和写作的学习。一项来自于Early Childhood Education and Development的研究中,他们调查了1000名学前班的学生,一直跟踪他们到小学二年级。最后发现,凡是书写良好的孩子,在众多科目方面都比同龄人要有更好的表现。
2.书写能增强记忆力
我们常说好记性不如烂笔头,说得就是这个道理。当我们把一些东西写下来,我们通常会把这些东西记得更牢。各种研究也一次又一次地证明了这个事实。在Psychological Science中的一篇研究表明,手写笔记比电子笔记对于学习来说,更有效率。因此,不管孩子现在是一年级还是高三,花时间用整洁的方式写下我们需要记忆的知识点都是非常有用的。
3.手写的东西更有意义
回想过去我们送出去的明信片,写有诗歌的贺卡,一些有纪念意义的礼物。如果我们能写一手漂亮的好字,那么这些礼物将会变得更加特殊,更加有意义。收到礼物的人也会更加地高兴与开心。
4.书写已经是生活的一部分
虽然我们已经生活在电子时代,但有时我们仍需要使用手来书写一些东西。例如在会议上记录笔记,或者临时书写一些小纸条来提醒自己要做的事等。所以还不能完全将书写丢弃掉。
5.良好的书写有助于孩子集中注意力
研究者们一次又一次地声明,千万不要低估我们的书写技巧。引用2012年Child Development杂志上的话:“良好的书写需要孩子集中注意力,从而培养孩子集中注意力的能力。”所以从小开始培养孩子良好的书写,对日后的学习生活有很大的帮助,因为这样的孩子更容易保持注意力。
6.永远不要低估书写的价值
认知心理学家Carol Christensen多年来一直在研究书写与心理的联系。她研究发现,良好的书写与学生完成作业的质量与数量密切相关。这表明,一个孩子作业质量低或者经常不完成作业,有可能是幼儿时期没有进行书写练习的原因所导致。
精听党每日美句
"If opportunity doesn't knock, build a door." - Milton Berle
“如果机会不敲门,那就自己造一扇门。”——米尔顿·伯尔