文本选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）
作者：Stephanie Pappas
原文标题：Why Do We Forget So Many of Our Dreams?
原文发布时间：5 Oct. 2023
Why Do We Forget So Many of Our Dreams?
If you've ever awoken from a vivid dream only to find that you can't remember the details by the end of breakfast, you're not alone. People forget most of the dreams they have—though it is possible to train yourself to remember more of them. Dreaming happens mostly (though not always exclusively) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During this sleep stage, brain activity looks similar to that in a waking brain, with some very important differences.
Key among them: during REM sleep, the areas of the brain that transfer memories into long-term storage—as well as the long-term storage areas themselves—are relatively deactivated, says Deirdre Barrett, a dream researcher at Harvard Medical School and author of the book The Committee of Sleep (Oneiroi Press, 2001). This may be a side effect of REM's role in memory consolidation, according to a 2019 study on mice in the journal Science. Short-term memory areas are active during REM sleep, but those only hang on to memories for about 30 seconds.
"You have to wake up from REM sleep, generally, to recall a dream," Barrett says. If, instead, you pass into the next stage of sleep without rousing, that dream will never enter long-term memory. REM sleep occurs about every 90 minutes, and it lengthens as the night drags on. The first REM cycle of the night is typically just a few minutes long, but by the end of an eight-hour night of sleep, a person has typically been in the REM stage for a good 20 minutes, Barrett says. That's why the strongest correlation between any life circumstance and your memory of dreams is the number of hours you've slept.
被删除的“梦境档案”：为什么我们会忘记这么多的梦?
精听党背景导读
我们时常脑洞奇大无比，做的梦也都十分惊心动魄，有头有尾有逻辑，堪比好莱坞大片。遗憾的是，一觉醒来之后就把做的梦忘得差不多了，或者只记得几个片段，像一个中了“沉睡魔咒”的失忆患者。
“要是能都记下来拍成电影就好了……”每次这样想，都觉得自己错过了几亿票房。
文本选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）作者：Stephanie Pappas原文标题：Why Do We Forget So Many of Our Dreams?原文发布时间：5 Oct. 2023关键词：梦境 记忆 睡眠
精听党带着问题听
1. 如何理解第二段中的“hang on to”？2. 快速眼动睡眠大约多久发生一次？3.“生活环境”用英语可以怎么表达？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Why Do We Forget So Many of Our Dreams?
为什么我们会忘记这么多的梦?
段一
If you’ve ever awoken from a vivid dream only to find that you can’t remember the details by the end of breakfast, you’re not alone. People forget most of the dreams they have—though it is possible to train yourself to remember more of them. Dreaming happens mostly (though not always exclusively) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During this sleep stage, brain activity looks similar to that in a waking brain, with some very important differences.
awake vi. 醒来，唤醒；
vivid dream 清晰的梦；
train vt. 培训，训练；
exclusively adv. 仅仅，单独地，专门地；
rapid eye movement 快速眼动；
sleep stage 睡眠阶段；
brain activity 脑活动；
waking adj. 醒着的；
参考译文
如果你曾经从一个清晰的梦中醒来，却发现早餐结束时你已经记不住细节了，有这样体验的并非你一个人。人们会忘记他们大部分的梦境——尽管有可能训练自己记住更多的梦。做梦大部分发生在快速眼动睡眠期间(尽管并不总是如此)。在这个睡眠阶段，大脑活动看起来与清醒时相似，但也存在一些非常重要的区别。
段二
Key among them: during REM sleep, the areas of the brain that transfer memories into long-term storage—as well as the long-term storage areas themselves—are relatively deactivated, says Deirdre Barrett, a dream researcher at Harvard Medical School and author of the book The Committee of Sleep (Oneiroi Press, 2001). This may be a side effect of REM’s role in memory consolidation, according to a 2019 study on mice in the journal Science. Short-term memory areas are active during REM sleep, but those only hang on to memories for about 30 seconds.
transfer vt.（使）转移；
long-term storage 长期储存；
deactivated adj. 无效的；
Harvard Medical School 哈佛医学院；
press n. 出版社；
side effect 副作用；
consolidation n. 巩固；合并；
journal n. 杂志，期刊；
short-term memory 短期记忆；
hang on to 紧紧抓住；紧握；
参考译文
哈佛医学院的梦境研究者、《睡眠委员会》(Oneiroi出版社，2001)一书的作者迪尔德雷·巴雷特说，其中一个关键区别是，在快速眼动睡眠期间，大脑中将记忆转化为长期存储的区域——以及长期存储区域本身——相对来说是不活跃的。根据2019年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项对小鼠的研究，这可能是快速眼动在记忆巩固中所起作用的副作用。短期记忆区域在快速眼动睡眠期间是活跃的，但这些记忆只能维持大约30秒。
段三
“You have to wake up from REM sleep, generally, to recall a dream,” Barrett says. If, instead, you pass into the next stage of sleep without rousing, that dream will never enter long-term memory. REM sleep occurs about every 90 minutes, and it lengthens as the night drags on. The first REM cycle of the night is typically just a few minutes long, but by the end of an eight-hour night of sleep, a person has typically been in the REM stage for a good 20 minutes, Barrett says. That’s why the strongest correlation between any life circumstance and your memory of dreams is the number of hours you’ve slept.
generally adv. 通常，普遍地；
recall vt. 记起，回想起；使想起；1. She could not recall his name. 她想不起他的名字。
pass into 进入；
rousing n. 唤醒；
lengthen vi. 延长；变长；
drag vi. 过得很慢；拖沓地进行；1. The meeting really dragged. 这会议开得真拖拉。
typically adv. 一般，通常；
correlation n. 相互关系，关联；
life circumstance 生活环境；
参考译文
巴雷特说：“一般来说，你必须从快速眼动睡眠中醒来，才能回忆起一个梦。”相反，如果，你进入下一个睡眠阶段而没有被唤醒，那个梦就不会进入长期记忆。快速眼动睡眠大约每90分钟发生一次，并且随着夜间时间的延长而延长。巴雷特说，晚上的第一个快速眼动周期通常只有几分钟，但在8小时的睡眠结束时，一个人通常会进入快速眼动阶段20分钟。这就是为什么生活环境和你对梦的记忆之间最密切的联系是你睡了多少小时的原因。
精听党每日单词
awake
/əˈweɪk/ vi. 醒来，唤醒；
vivid dream
清晰的梦；
train
/treɪn/ vt. 培训，训练；
exclusively
/ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/ adv. 仅仅，单独地，专门地；
rapid eye movement
快速眼动；
sleep stage
睡眠阶段；
brain activity
脑活动；
waking
/ˈweɪkɪŋ/ adj. 醒着的；
transfer
/trænsˈfɜːr/ vt.（使）转移；
long-term storage
长期储存；
deactivated
/diːˈæktɪveɪtɪd/ adj. 无效的；
Harvard Medical School
哈佛医学院；
press
/pres/ n. 出版社；
side effect
副作用；
consolidation
/kənˌsɑːləˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 巩固；合并；
journal
/ˈdʒɜːrn(ə)l/ n. 杂志，期刊；
short-term memory
短期记忆；
hang on to
紧紧抓住；紧握；
generally
/ˈdʒen(ə)rəli/ adv. 通常，普遍地；
recall
/rɪˈkɔːl/ vt. 记起，回想起；使想起；
pass into
进入；
rousing
/ˈraʊzɪŋ/ n. 唤醒；
lengthen
/ˈleŋθən/ vi. 延长；变长；
drag
/dræɡ/ vi. 过得很慢；拖沓地进行；
typically
/ˈtɪpɪkli/ adv. 一般，通常；
correlation
/ˌkɔːrəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 相互关系，关联；
life circumstance
生活环境；
精听党文化拓展
睡眠是一种在哺乳动物、鸟类和鱼类等生物中普遍存在的自然休息状态，甚至在无脊椎动物，如果蝇中也有这种现象。睡眠的特征包括：减少主动的身体运动，对外界刺激反应减弱，增强同化作用（生产细胞结构），以及降低异化作用水平（分解细胞结构）。在人类、哺乳动物及其他很多已经被研究的动物，如鱼、鸟、老鼠、苍蝇中，规律的睡眠是生存的前提。从睡眠中醒过来是一种保护机制，也是健康和生存的必须。
对于人，睡眠占了人生的三分之一，可以说睡眠的好坏是保障生活质量的基础。
在1972年，一位法国的神经精神科医师Christian Guilleminault认为睡眠只是身体内部需要的反映，感官活动及身体的物理运动在睡眠时会停止，但若给予合适刺激便可使其醒来。现代医学界则普遍认为睡眠是一种主动过程，目的是为恢复精力而作出合适的休息，由专责睡眠及觉醒的中枢神经管理。在睡眠时人脑并没有停止工作，只是换了模式，使身体可以更有效储存所需的能量，并对精神和体力作出补充。睡眠亦是最好的休息方法，既能保持身体健康和补充体力，亦可提高工作能力。
精听党每日美句
"You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honour." - Aristotle
“在这个世界上，没有勇气你什么也做不成。它是仅次于荣誉的心灵最伟大的品质。”——亚里士多德