每日英语听力外刊精读(往期@20230215):萨满教是英国发展最快的宗教


文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:Shamanism is Britain’s fastest-growing religion
原文发布时间:11 Feb. 2023
Shamanism is Britain's fastest-growing religion
In a garden studio in north London, Steve Altman holds a monthly shamanic drumming circle. Participants stand with arms outstretched as Mr Altman traces their shape in the air with burning copal, a Mexican incense, in a purifying ritual known as "smudging". Ground snake skin, feathers, candles and bowls of water, each representing the four elements of Inca cosmology, sit in the centre of the room. The ceremony culminates in a "soul journey", in which rhythmic drumming is believed to facilitate an ascent to the spirit realm. One woman describes climbing vines to the heavens. From Colindale.
Shamanism is rooted in animism, the idea that every entity in nature, whether plant, animal or rock, is alive. Trance is the core shared practice. Shamans (who are traditionally trained by other shamans) learn to enter trances—aided by drumming, singing, dancing or, occasionally, psychotropic drugs—to commune with spirits. Such beliefs date back to hunter-gatherer societies. "We talk about [prostitution being] the oldest profession but really, it's shamanism," says Simon Buxton of the Sacred Trust, a shamanic training centre.
If shamanism has a long history, it was barely practised in Britain until recently. In the English and Welsh census of 2011 just 650 people said it was their religion. But its popularity is increasing. In the census of 2021, the results of which were released in November, that figure had increased to 8,000. Partly because the numbers are small, that makes shamanism Britain's fastest-growing faith.
萨满教是英国发展最快的宗教

精听党背景导读
萨满教是以原始信仰为基础,逐渐丰富与发达起来的一种民间信仰活动,出现时间非常早,是世界上最早的宗教。它的历史可能与现代人类出现的时间一样长久,甚至在文明诞生之前,很可能在石器时代,人们过着渔猎生活的时侯,这种宗教就已经存在。萨满曾经长期盛行于我国各民族。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:Shamanism is Britain’s fastest-growing religion原文发布时间:11 Feb. 2023关键词:萨满教 英国 流行
精听党带着问题听
1. 如何理解第二段中的“trance”?2. 萨满教法师一般是如何进入入定状态的?3. “普及率”用英语可以如何表达?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Shamanism is Britain’s fastest-growing religion
萨满教是英国发展最快的宗教
shamanism n. 萨满教;
religion n. 宗教信仰;宗教,教派;
段一
In a garden studio in north London, Steve Altman holds a monthly shamanic drumming circle. Participants stand with arms outstretched as Mr Altman traces their shape in the air with burning copal, a Mexican incense, in a purifying ritual known as “smudging”. Ground snake skin, feathers, candles and bowls of water, each representing the four elements of Inca cosmology, sit in the centre of the room. The ceremony culminates in a “soul journey”, in which rhythmic drumming is believed to facilitate an ascent to the spirit realm. One woman describes climbing vines to the heavens. From Colindale.
shamanic adj. 萨满教的;1. shaman n. 萨满教法师;
outstretched adj. 伸开的;扩张的;1. to welcome sb. with outstretched arms 张开双臂欢迎某人;
copal n. 柯巴脂;
incense n. 香(树脂、香料等燃烧可得香气的物质);焚香时的烟,香气;1. v. 激怒;
to be incensed by sth. 被某事物激怒;
smudge vt. 把…弄模糊;把…弄脏;1. His signature was smudged. 他的签名被弄得模糊不清。2. smudge lipstick 口红弄糊;3. n. 污迹;
a smudge of dirt/ink 泥点/墨渍;
Inca cosmology 印加宇宙论;1. cosmology n. [天] 宇宙论,[天] 宇宙学;
culminate vi. 告终;1. a long struggle that culminated in success 以胜利告终的长期斗争;
facilitate vt. 促进;加快;使…便利;1. The new airport will facilitate the development of tourism. 新机场将促进旅游业的发展。
ascent n. 垂直上升;攀登;(某些宗教中的)升天;
realm n. (知识、活动、思想的)领域,范围;
vine n. 葡萄属植物,葡萄藤;藤本植物,攀缘植物;
参考译文
在伦敦北部的一个花园工作室里,史蒂夫·奥特曼每月举行一次萨满教鼓圈仪式。当奥特曼先生用燃烧的柯巴脂(一种墨西哥香)在空气中描画出他们的形状时,参与者站着伸出双臂,这种净化仪式被称为“烟熏”。房间中央摆放着蛇皮、羽毛、蜡烛和水碗,分别代表印加宇宙论的四个元素。仪式以“灵魂之旅”结束,其中有节奏的鼓声被认为可以促进上升到精神领域。一位妇女描述了爬藤蔓上天的过程。来自科林代尔。
段二
Shamanism is rooted in animism, the idea that every entity in nature, whether plant, animal or rock, is alive. Trance is the core shared practice. Shamans (who are traditionally trained by other shamans) learn to enter trances—aided by drumming, singing, dancing or, occasionally, psychotropic drugs—to commune with spirits. Such beliefs date back to hunter-gatherer societies. “We talk about [prostitution being] the oldest profession but really, it’s shamanism,” says Simon Buxton of the Sacred Trust, a shamanic training centre.
animism n. 万物有灵论;
entity n. 实体;1. a single/separate/political/legal entity 单独的/独立的/政治/法人实体;
trance n. 催眠状态;入定;1. to be in/go into a trance 处于/陷入昏睡状态;2. to put sb. into a trance 使某人进入昏睡状态;3. to come out of a trance 从昏睡中苏醒过来;
psychotropic adj. 治疗精神病的;1. psychotropic drugs 精神治疗药;精神药物;
commune with 与…默默沟通;与…融为一体;
prostitution n. 卖淫;滥用;
参考译文
萨满教植根于万物有灵论,认为自然界的每一个实体,无论是植物、动物还是岩石,都是有生命的。入定是核心的共同实践。萨满教法师(传统上由其他法师训练)学习通过击鼓、唱歌、跳舞或偶尔使用精神药物进入入定状态,以与神灵交流。这种信仰可以追溯到狩猎-采集社会。萨满教培训中心“神圣信托”的西蒙·巴克斯顿说:"我们谈论[卖淫]是最古老的职业,但实际上,它是萨满教通灵师。
段三
If shamanism has a long history, it was barely practised in Britain until recently. In the English and Welsh census of 2011 just 650 people said it was their religion. But its popularity is increasing. In the census of 2021, the results of which were released in November, that figure had increased to 8,000. Partly because the numbers are small, that makes shamanism Britain’s fastest-growing faith.
census n. 人口普查;统计调查;1. to take/conduct a census 进行人口调查;
popularity n. 流行,普及,受欢迎;1. enjoy great popularity 享有盛誉;广受欢迎;2. popularity rate 普及率;支持率;
参考译文
如果说萨满教有悠久的历史,那么直到最近,它才在英国被广泛应用。在2011年英国和威尔士的人口普查中,只有650人说这是他们的宗教。但它的受欢迎程度正在增加。在2021年的人口普查中,其结果于11月公布,这个数字已经增加到8000人。部分原因是数字很小,这使得萨满教成为英国增长最快的信仰。
精听党每日单词
shamanism
/ˈʃæmənɪzəm/ n. 萨满教;
religion
/rɪˈlɪdʒən/ n. 宗教信仰;宗教,教派;
shamanic
/ʃəˈmænɪk/ adj. 萨满教的;
outstretched
/ˌaʊtˈstretʃt/ adj. 伸开的;扩张的;
copal
/ˈkoʊpl/ n. 柯巴脂;
incense
/ˈɪnsens/ n. 香(树脂、香料等燃烧可得香气的物质);焚香时的烟,香气;
smudge
/smʌdʒ/ vt. 把…弄模糊;把…弄脏;
Inca cosmology
 印加宇宙论;
culminate
/ˈkʌlmɪneɪt/ vi. 告终;
facilitate
/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ vt. 促进;加快;使…便利;
ascent
/əˈsent/ n. 垂直上升;攀登;(某些宗教中的)升天;
realm
/relm/ n. (知识、活动、思想的)领域,范围;
vine
/vaɪn/ n. 葡萄属植物,葡萄藤;藤本植物,攀缘植物;
animism
/ˈænɪmɪzəm/ n. 万物有灵论;
entity
/ˈentəti/ n. 实体;
trance
/træns/ n. 催眠状态;入定;
psychotropic
/ˌsaɪkəˈtroʊpɪk/ adj. 治疗精神病的;
commune with
 与…默默沟通;与…融为一体;
prostitution
 /ˌprɑːstɪˈtuːʃ(ə)n/ n. 卖淫;滥用;
census
/ˈsensəs/ n. 人口普查;统计调查;
popularity
/ˌpɑːpjuˈlærəti/ n. 流行,普及,受欢迎;
精听党文化拓展
上古时期由于对自然界现象,以及要做出迁徙祭祀等重大事件的决策之前,都会通过“巫师”“灵媒”为介体,向神灵请示,希望得到指引。这也是清朝满族人战争之前都要通过“萨满”巫师来向神灵求问吉凶。在上古尧舜禹的时代,专门有人负责,那个人名字叫做“巫咸”,他也是当时朝廷的第一任“灵媒”,所以以后他的弟子都称作“巫师”,炎黄时代黄帝的一个妻子,方相氏嫫母就是能驱疫捉鬼的,流行到现在,就是北方的“跳大神”(出马仙),南方叫做“灵人”。
萨满也不能完全叫做宗教,因为他没有形成他自己的宗旨和理论,只是一种民间的民族祈福祭祀活动,有很强的随机性,自然界中的精灵百怪、修行的有些道行的动物、故去的亡人,都能通过“巫师”来和人类交流,而且那些通灵的巫师也好,无形众生、神灵也好,都对佛菩萨、道教相当恭敬,因为佛法、道法是出世间法、是了意法、是圆满法,所以近代的大神(出马弟子),萨满仙堂都供奉佛菩萨、道教祖师,也都是修佛修道的,逐渐修得圆满。通过帮助看病、问卜、“办事”这种方式来积累功德,当功德达到某个标准,经历某些劫数,便可飞升成仙,达到不死不灭永生境地。因为所说的萨满仙家也在六道轮回里,也都是随业力流转不能自主,所以也想修成正果,得道成仙,而这才是他们的最终目的。
精听党每日美句
A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.
海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
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