文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:South Korea’s housing crunch offers a warning for other countries
原文发布时间:13 Feb. 2023
South Korea's housing crunch offers a warning for other countries
"Buying the house in 2021 might be one of the biggest regrets of my life, " says Kim Myung-soo, a 33-year-old whose home in Jamsil, eastern Seoul, has fallen in value by about $400,000. His wife is 33 weeks pregnant and Mr Kim does not know how he will repay the mortgage. He had planned to wait for prices to rise before selling the property to pay off the loan. Mr Kim is not alone in his worries. Across the rich world, property markets look precarious. Few are in as bad shape as South Korea's. House prices fell by 2% in December alone, the biggest monthly drop since official figures began in 2003. The slump has been particularly brutal for apartments in Seoul: prices are down by 24% since their peak in October 2021.
South Korea's market offers a glimpse of what may lie ahead elsewhere. The Bank of Korea (BOK) began raising interest rates in August 2021, seven months before the Federal Reserve and almost a year ahead of the European Central Bank. The benchmark rate now sits at 3.5%, a 14-year high, after officials raised it once again in January.
The broader economy is feeling the pinch. Private consumption fell by 0.4% in the fourth quarter of 2022. And exports, which dropped by 17% year-on-year in January, have hardly cushioned the blow. They were hit by a collapse in semiconductor orders at the end of a pandemic-era boom in electronics sales. This sluggishness will only add to the drag on house prices.
韩国住房危机给他国敲警钟
精听党背景导读
韩国去年11月的房价创九年最大跌幅,信贷危机的担忧进一步蔓延。
从2021年8月起,韩国央行开始了有史以来最激进的加息措施,目前累计加息275个基点,居高不下的利率进一步遏制房屋需求,成了楼市降温的重要原因。
根据韩国国民银行的2022年11月25日公布的数据统计,11月韩国房价同比下跌0.32%,为2013年以来的最大跌幅,首尔房价同比下跌0.12%。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:South Korea’s housing crunch offers a warning for other countries原文发布时间:13 Feb. 2023关键词:韩国 房地产 经济
精听党带着问题听
1.“一见钟情”用英语可以如何表达?2. 韩国当前利率为多少?3. 如何理解第三段中的“year-on-year ”?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
South Korea’s housing crunch offers a warning for other countries
韩国住房危机给他国敲警钟
housing crunch
住房危机;1. crunch n. <非正式>危急关头,艰难局面(the crunch);不足,短缺;
crunch time 关键时刻;关键时间;credit crunch 信贷紧缩;信贷危机;energy crunch 能源危机,能源紧缺;There is a growing list of auto makers cutting production because of the chip crunch. 由于芯片危机,越来越多的汽车制造商正在减产。
段一
“Buying the house in 2021 might be one of the biggest regrets of my life,” says Kim Myung-soo, a 33-year-old whose home in Jamsil, eastern Seoul, has fallen in value by about $400,000. His wife is 33 weeks pregnant and Mr Kim does not know how he will repay the mortgage. He had planned to wait for prices to rise before selling the property to pay off the loan. Mr Kim is not alone in his worries. Across the rich world, property markets look precarious. Few are in as bad shape as South Korea’s. House prices fell by 2% in December alone, the biggest monthly drop since official figures began in 2003. The slump has been particularly brutal for apartments in Seoul: prices are down by 24% since their peak in October 2021.
regret n. 遗憾,惋惜;
Jamsil n. 蚕室(地址简称,位于韩国首尔松坡区);
fall in value 价值缩水,价值下跌,贬值;
pregnant adj. 怀孕的,妊娠的;1. How long have you been pregnant? / How far along are you?你怀孕多久了?2. She's seven months pregnant. 她已经怀孕七个月了。3. What’s your due date? 你的预产期是什么时候?4. When are you due? 预产期是什么时候?5. When is the baby due? 孩子什么时候出生?
repay vt. 付还,偿还;报答,回报;值得付出(时间、努力等);1. ability to repay the loan 偿贷能力;2. repay capital with interest 还本付息;
mortgage n. 按揭,抵押贷款;抵押贷款额;1. housing mortgage 住房按揭;房屋抵押;房地产抵押;
pay off 付清(欠款等);取得成功;
precarious adj. 摇摇欲坠的,不稳固的;(局势)不确定的,危险的,依靠机会的;不安全的;
be in bad shape 身体状况很糟,情况很糟;情况还处于混乱状态;1. to be in shape 状态良好;2. to be out of shape 状态不佳;
slump n.(价格、销售额、利润等的)突然下跌;(经济的)不景气,萧条;1. economic slump 经济衰退;经济萧条;
brutal adj. 野蛮的,凶残的;毫不掩饰的,直截了当的;
参考译文
33岁的Kim Myung-soo说:“2021年买房子可能是我一生中最后悔的事之一”,他在首尔东部蚕室的房子已贬值近40万美元。妻子已经怀孕33周了,金先生不知道如何偿还房贷。他原计划等房价上涨后再卖掉房产偿还贷款。然而金先生并不是唯一一个有此担心的人。纵观发达国家,房地产市场看起来岌岌可危。很少有国家的情况像韩国那样糟糕。房价仅在12月份就下跌了2%,这是自2003年官方数据以来最大的单月跌幅。首尔公寓价格暴跌尤为严重:自2021年10月达到峰值以来,价格下跌了24%。
段二
South Korea’s market offers a glimpse of what may lie ahead elsewhere. The Bank of Korea (BOK) began raising interest rates in August 2021, seven months before the Federal Reserve and almost a year ahead of the European Central Bank. The benchmark rate now sits at 3.5%, a 14-year high, after officials raised it once again in January.
glimpse n. 一瞥,一看;短暂的感受,短暂的体验;1. a glimpse of 瞥见;一瞥;2. to get/catch a glimpse of 瞥见;瞧见;偶然看到;暗中看出或觉察到;3. to love at first glimpse 一见钟情;一见倾心;
lie ahead 即将来临;在前面;
ahead of 在…之前;早于;领先;
benchmark n. 基准;1. benchmark interest rate 基准利率;
参考译文
韩国的房地产市场让我们得以一窥其他地方即将面临的情况。韩国银行从2021年8月开始上调利率,比美联储早7个月,比欧洲中央银行(ECB)早了近1年。继今年1月基准利率上调之后,当前利率为3.5%,创14年来新高。
段三
The broader economy is feeling the pinch. Private consumption fell by 0.4% in the fourth quarter of 2022. And exports, which dropped by 17% year-on-year in January, have hardly cushioned the blow. They were hit by a collapse in semiconductor orders at the end of a pandemic-era boom in electronics sales. This sluggishness will only add to the drag on house prices.
broader economy 整体经济,总体经济;
pinch n. 捏,掐,拧;一撮;偷窃;(棒球)紧要时刻,紧要关头;1. feel the pinch (由于收入减少而)手头拮据;2. Lots of people who have lost their jobs are starting to feel the pinch. 许多失业的人开始感到手头拮据。
consumption n. 消费,消耗;1. food consumption 食品消费;摄食量;
export n. 出口,输出;出口物,输出品;出口量,出口收入;
year-on-year adj. 与上年同期数字相比的;
cushion vt. 缓冲;减轻……的影响;1. cushion the blow 给垫着点儿;说话绵软一点以免打击过重;说话悠着点儿;
to cushion the blow of the pandemic 以缓解疫情的冲击;to cushion the blow of inflation 以缓冲通胀的打击;
collapse n. 倒塌,塌陷;突然失败,崩溃;
semiconductor n. 半导体;半导体装置;
era n. 时代,年代,纪元;
boom n. 繁荣;流行,风靡;
sluggishness n. 不振;迟缓;惯性;惰性;萧条;
drag n. 累赘,拖累;令人不快的事,无聊的事;
参考译文
整体经济环境也感到拮据。2022年第四季度,个人消费下降了0.4%。1月份出口同比下降17%,这一冲击几乎无法得到缓解。疫情期间在电子产品热销末期,半导体订单大幅下降,对出口造成了影响。这种低迷的行情只会进一步拖累房价。
精听党每日单词
housing crunch
住房危机;
regret
/rɪˈɡret/ n. 遗憾,惋惜;
Jamsil
n. 蚕室(地址简称,位于韩国首尔松坡区);
fall in value
价值缩水,价值下跌,贬值;
pregnant
/ˈpreɡnənt/ adj. 怀孕的,妊娠的;
repay
/rɪˈpeɪ/ vt. 付还,偿还;报答,回报;值得付出(时间、努力等);
mortgage
/ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒ/ n. 按揭,抵押贷款;抵押贷款额;
pay off
付清(欠款等);取得成功;
precarious
/prɪˈkeriəs/ adj. 摇摇欲坠的,不稳固的;(局势)不确定的,危险的,依靠机会的;不安全的;
be in bad shape
身体状况很糟,情况很糟;情况还处于混乱状态;
slump
/slʌmp/ n.(价格、销售额、利润等的)突然下跌;(经济的)不景气,萧条;
brutal
/ˈbruːtl/ adj. 野蛮的,凶残的;毫不掩饰的,直截了当的;
glimpse
/ɡlɪmps/ n. 一瞥,一看;短暂的感受,短暂的体验;
lie ahead
即将来临;在前面;
ahead of
在…之前;早于;领先;
benchmark
/ˈbentʃmɑːrk/ n. 基准;
broader economy
整体经济,总体经济;
pinch
/pɪntʃ/ n. 捏,掐,拧;一撮;偷窃;(棒球)紧要时刻,紧要关头;
consumption
/kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消费,消耗;
export
/ɪkˈspɔːrt , ˈekspɔːrt/ n. 出口,输出;出口物,输出品;出口量,出口收入;
year-on-year
/jɪr ɑːn jɪr/ adj. 与上年同期数字相比的;
cushion
/ˈkʊʃn/ vt. 缓冲;减轻……的影响;
collapse
/kəˈlæps/ n. 倒塌,塌陷;突然失败,崩溃;
semiconductor
/ˈsemikəndʌktər/ n. 半导体;半导体装置;
era
/ˈɪrə/ n. 时代,年代,纪元;
boom
/buːm/ n. 繁荣;流行,风靡;
sluggishness
/ˈslʌɡɪʃnəs/ n. 不振;迟缓;惯性;惰性;萧条;
drag
/dræɡ/ n. 累赘,拖累;令人不快的事,无聊的事;
精听党文化拓展
据韩国媒体援引调查显示,由于房地产市场的低迷,建筑公司的财务困难越来越大,韩国30家主要建筑公司中有11家的负债率超过200%。其中,截至去年9月底,韩进重工的负债率为527.1%。而在2021年底,该公司的负债率为452.1%,2022年同比上升75个百分点。
“房地产景气下滑直接导致多家建筑企业陷入财务困境,”上海外国语大学国际金融贸易学院院长章玉贵向21世纪经济报道记者表示,房地产是深受宏观经济基本面影响的产业,当经济处于下行周期时,融资环境趋紧甚至恶化,很容易出现房企违约。
可以说,去年9月的韩国乐高乐园违约事件就是企业信贷恶化的标志性事件。当中的主要原因是,这一事件中涉及的金融贷款工具“项目融资资产证券化商业票据”(PF-ABCP)被韩国房地产企业广泛使用,是关键的融资来源。从2021年8月开始,韩国央行已经累计加息250个基点,这让投资者担心更多PF-ABCP相关贷款会在未来恶化。
中国银行研究院研究员王宁远向21世纪经济报道记者表示,乐高乐园违约暴露出韩国房地产项目融资陷入较为严重的困境。一方面,江原道政府是该项目的最大股东,持股44%,有政府信用作为背书的借款人违约,极大加剧韩国市场对房地产建筑商违约的担忧;另一方面,目前市场普遍预计韩国会进一步加息,房价大概率会延续跌势,令房企雪上加霜。
此外,韩国国内高企的家庭负债也引发担忧。韩国央行统计数据显示,截至2022年9月底,韩国家庭负债总额为1870.6万亿韩元(约合人民币9.8989万亿元),连续两个季度刷新历史最高纪录。而家庭负债的主要组成是住房抵押贷款,有数据显示,近四分之三的韩国家庭财富与房地产紧密联系。
精听党每日美句
A guest should suit the convenience of the host.
客随主便。