每日英语听力外刊精读(往期@20230316):硅谷银行的倒闭对金融系统意味着什么?


文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:What does Silicon Valley Bank’s collapse mean for the financial system?
原文发布时间:13 Mar. 2022
What does Silicon Valley Bank's collapse mean for the financial system?
Two ways. Gradually, then suddenly. That is how Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), the 16th-largest lender in America, with about $200bn in assets, went bust. Its financial position deteriorated over several years. But just two days elapsed between the San Francisco-based bank's announcement on March 8th that it was seeking to raise $2.5bn to plug a hole in its balance-sheet, and the declaration by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which regulates American bank deposits, that SVB had failed.
SVB's share price plunged by 60% after the capital raise was revealed. Greg Becker, its chief executive, urged clients to "support us as we have supported you". Unpersuaded, some venture capitalists told portfolio companies to run. Bill Ackman, a hedge-fund manager, suggested that the government should bail out the bank. By the morning of March 10th its shares had slid another 70% or so in pre-market trading, before a halt was called. CNBC, a television network, reported that SVB's capital-raising efforts had failed and that the bank was seeking to sell itself to a larger institution. Then came the announcement from the regulators.
These events raise two questions. The first is how SVB got into this position. The second is whether its troubles are simply an anomaly, or a harbinger of doom for financial institutions writ large. Start with the first. SVB is a bank for startups. It opened accounts for them, often before larger lenders would bother. It also lent to them, which other banks are reluctant to do because few startups have assets for collateral.
硅谷银行的倒闭对金融系统意味着什么?

精听党背景导读
硅谷银行是一家州立商业银行,在加利福尼亚州和马萨诸塞州拥有17家分行,是全美国排名第十六位的银行。截至2022年12月31日,硅谷银行的总资产约为2090亿美元,总存款约为1754亿美元。
当地时间2023年3月10日,根据美国联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)发布的一份声明,美国加州金融保护和创新部(DFPI)当日宣布关闭美国硅谷银行,并任命FDIC为破产管理人。硅谷银行破产加剧市场对美国金融体系,尤其是科技初创企业在美联储激进加息背景下陷入动荡的担忧。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:What does Silicon Valley Bank's collapse mean for the financial system?原文发布时间:13 Mar. 2022关键词:美国 银行 破产
精听党带着问题听
1. 找出“Silicon Valley Bank”的同义转换?2. 据文章描述,硅谷银行的股价暴跌了多少?3. 硅谷银行主要是为哪种类型的客户去服务的银行?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
What does Silicon Valley Bank's collapse mean for the financial system?
硅谷银行的倒闭对金融系统意味着什么?
Silicon Valley Bank 硅谷银行;
collapse n. 突然失败,倒闭,崩溃(如机构、生意或行动的);1. the collapse of law and order in the area 该地区治安的瘫痪;
financial system 金融系统;
段一
Two ways. Gradually, then suddenly. That is how Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), the 16th-largest lender in America, with about $200bn in assets, went bust. Its financial position deteriorated over several years. But just two days elapsed between the San Francisco-based bank's announcement on March 8th that it was seeking to raise $2.5bn to plug a hole in its balance-sheet, and the declaration by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which regulates American bank deposits, that SVB had failed.
gradually adv. 逐步地;逐渐地;1. Gradually the children began to grow up. 孩子们逐渐地长大了。
lender n. 放款人;
asset n. 资产,财产;
bust adj. 破产;1. We're bust! 我们破产了!2. We lost our money when the travel company went bust. 旅行社破产,我们的钱都赔了进去。
financial position 财务状况;
deteriorate vi. 恶化,变坏;1. Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. 她的健康状况急剧恶化,不久便去世了。
elapse vi.(时间)消逝,流逝;1. Many years elapsed before they met again. 过了许多年他们才再次相见。
seek to do sth. 寻求去…;
raise vt. 筹募钱财;1. to raise a loan 筹集贷款;2. We are raising money for charity. 我们在进行慈善募捐。
plug a hole 填补洞;1. plug v. 堵塞;封堵;
He plugged the hole in the pipe with an old rag. 他用一块旧抹布堵住了管子上的洞。
balance-sheet n. 资产负债表;
declaration n. 声明;
regulate vt. 监管;控制,管理;
deposit n. 存款;1. Deposits can be made at any branch. 在任何一家分行都可以存钱。
参考译文
两种方式。先逐渐地,然后突然地。拥有2000亿美元资产的美国第16大银行硅谷银行(Silicon Valley Bank,SVB)就是这样破产的。几年来,其财务状况不断恶化。这家总部位于旧金山的银行于3月8日宣布,它正寻求筹集25亿美元以填补其资产负债表上的漏洞,而仅仅两天后,监管美国银行存款的联邦存款保险公司就宣布它破产了。
段二
SVB's share price plunged by 60% after the capital raise was revealed. Greg Becker, its chief executive, urged clients to "support us as we have supported you". Unpersuaded, some venture capitalists told portfolio companies to run. Bill Ackman, a hedge-fund manager, suggested that the government should bail out the bank. By the morning of March 10th its shares had slid another 70% or so in pre-market trading, before a halt was called. CNBC, a television network, reported that SVB's capital-raising efforts had failed and that the bank was seeking to sell itself to a larger institution. Then came the announcement from the regulators.
share price 股票价格;
plunge vi. 暴跌;骤降;突降;1. Stock markets plunged at the news of the coup. 政变的消息一传来,股票市场便暴跌。
capital raise 资本的筹集;
reveal vt. 揭示,透露;
urge vt. 力劝;1. She urged him to stay. 她力劝他留下。
unpersuaded adj. 未被说服的;
venture capitalist n. 风险资本家;风险投资家;
portfolio n.(个人或机构的)投资组合,有价证券组合;1. an investment/share portfolio 投资/股份组合;
hedge-fund n. 对冲基金;
bail vi. 保释;1. bail sb. out 保释;2. bail sb. out (of sth.) 帮助(某人)脱离困境;
slide vt. 逐渐降低;1. Shares slid to a 10-year low. 股价跌到了10年来的最低点。
or so 大约;左右;
pre-market trading 盘前交易;
halt n. 停止;阻止;暂停;
regulator n.(某行业的)监管者,监管机构;
参考译文
在融资消息公布后,硅谷银行的股价暴跌了60%。该公司首席执行官格雷格·贝克尔(Greg Becker)敦促客户“像我们支持你们一样支持我们”。由于没有被说服,一些风险投资家让投资组合公司逃跑。对冲基金经理比尔·阿克曼(Bill Ackman)建议政府应该救助该银行。到3月10日上午,其股价在盘前交易中又下跌了70%左右,随后被叫停。美国全国广播公司财经频道(CNBC)报道称,硅谷银行的融资努力已经失败,该银行正寻求将自己出售给一家更大的机构。随后,监管机构发布了公告。
段三
These events raise two questions. The first is how SVB got into this position. The second is whether its troubles are simply an anomaly, or a harbinger of doom for financial institutions writ large. Start with the first. SVB is a bank for startups. It opened accounts for them, often before larger lenders would bother. It also lent to them, which other banks are reluctant to do because few startups have assets for collateral.
raise question 提出问题;
get into this position 进入到这个状况;
anomaly n. 异常事物;反常现象;1. the many anomalies in the tax system 税收制度中的许多不正常现象;
harbinger n.(常指坏的)预兆,兆头;
doom n. 毁灭;厄运;1. She had a sense of impending doom. 她预感到厄运已经逼近。
writ large 显而易见的;
startup n. 新创办的小公司;
reluctant adj. 不情愿的;勉强的;1. reluctant agreement 勉强同意;
collateral n. 抵押物;担保品;
参考译文
这些事件提出了两个问题。首先是SVB是如何进入这个状况中的。第二个问题是,它的麻烦仅仅是一种反常现象,还是预示着金融机构的厄运。从第一个问题说起。硅谷银行是一家为初创公司服务的银行。它为它们开设了账户,而且经常是在更大的贷款机构愿意搭理它们之前。它还向它们提供贷款,而其他银行不愿意这样做,因为很少有初创企业有资产作为抵押。
精听党每日单词
Silicon Valley Bank
 硅谷银行;
collapse
/kəˈlæps/ n. 突然失败,倒闭,崩溃(如机构、生意或行动的);
financial system
 金融系统;
gradually
/ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐步地;逐渐地;
lender
/ˈlendər/ n. 放款人;
asset
/ˈæset/ n. 资产,财产;
bust
/bʌst/ adj. 破产;
financial position
 财务状况;
deteriorate
/dɪˈtɪriəreɪt/ vi. 恶化,变坏;
elapse
/ɪˈlæps/ vi.(时间)消逝,流逝;
seek to do sth.
 寻求去…;
raise
/reɪz/ vt. 筹募钱财;
plug a hole
 填补洞;
balance-sheet
/ˈbæləns ʃiːt/ n. 资产负债表;
declaration
/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/ n. 声明;
regulate
/ˈreɡjuleɪt/ vt. 监管;控制,管理;
deposit
/dɪˈpɑːzɪt/ n. 存款;
share price
 股票价格;
plunge
/plʌndʒ/ vi. 暴跌;骤降;突降;
capital raise
 资本的筹集;
reveal
/rɪˈviːl/ vt. 揭示,透露;
urge
/ɜːrdʒ/ vt. 力劝;
unpersuaded
/ˌənpərˈsweɪdɪd/ adj. 未被说服的;
venture capitalist
 n. 风险资本家;风险投资家;
portfolio
/pɔːrtˈfoʊlioʊ/ n.(个人或机构的)投资组合,有价证券组合;
hedge-fund
/ˈhedʒ fʌnd/ n. 对冲基金;
bail
/beɪl/ vi. 保释;
slide
/slaɪd/ vt. 逐渐降低;
or so
 大约;左右;
pre-market trading
 盘前交易;
halt
/hɔːlt/ n. 停止;阻止;暂停;
regulator
/ˈreɡjuleɪtər/ n.(某行业的)监管者,监管机构;
raise question
 提出问题;
get into this position
 进入到这个状况;
anomaly
/əˈnɑːməli/ n. 异常事物;反常现象;
harbinger
/ˈhɑːrbɪndʒər/ n.(常指坏的)预兆,兆头;
doom
/duːm/ n. 毁灭;厄运;
writ large
 显而易见的;
startup
/ˈstɑːrtʌp/ n. 新创办的小公司;
reluctant
/rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的;勉强的;
collateral
/kəˈlætərəl/ n. 抵押物;担保品;
精听党文化拓展
美国硅谷银行日前被监管机构接管,尽管美国政府表示将避免银行危机加深,但市场仍担心硅谷银行引发的危机会持续蔓延。3月13日,美国股市银行指数下跌,多家银行股价出现暴跌。美国总统拜登就硅谷银行破产发表讲话称,美国银行系统是“安全可靠的”,他将要求国会和银行业监管机构“加强对银行的监管规定”,以降低类似硅谷银行倒闭事件再次发生的可能性。
美国加利福尼亚州金融保护和创新局10日宣布,已依法接管主要服务初创企业的区域性银行硅谷银行,并指派美国联邦储蓄保险公司为硅谷银行进行清算管理,原因是硅谷银行流动性和清偿能力不足。这是2008年9月以来美国最大的银行关闭事件。
美国财政部、美联储和联邦储蓄保险公司12日发布联合声明说,与硅谷银行破产事件相关的损失不会由纳税人承担。同时,纽约州监管机构当天关闭的另一家银行签名银行造成的损失也不会由纳税人承担。从13日起,受影响的所有储户将可以支取其所有资金。同一天,美联储公布了一项新的银行定期融资计划,允许银行、储蓄协会、信用合作社和其他符合条件的储蓄机构通过抵押美国国债、机构债务等合格资产来获取最长为期一年的贷款,以避免储蓄机构在面临压力时快速出售这些资产。按照美联储在相关声明中所述,美国财政部将从一项基金中划拨250亿美元资金支持上述融资计划。
分析人士认为,硅谷银行业务集中在科技、风险投资等领域,相对传统银行更少依赖个人储户存款。美联储激进加息,导致债券价格下跌,商业银行存款流失过快、融资成本增加。在这种背景下,硅谷银行并没有做好准备,导致眼下的困境。面临这种困境的银行并非只有硅谷银行一家。联邦储蓄保险公司此前警告,目前的利率环境可能对银行业产生严重后果,美国商业银行等金融机构或将因销售或持有多种金融产品而面临总计6200亿美元的损失。
硅谷银行关闭后,部分投资者担心,这一事件可能会波及其他金融机构,甚至导致更大规模金融风险。市场研究机构凯投宏观首席美国经济学家保罗·阿什沃思认为,商业银行在持有金融产品上出现的损失不大可能变成系统性问题。瑞银集团财富管理全球首席投资官马克·黑费尔表示,硅谷银行关闭后,目前尚未看到银行间市场承压等风险扩散迹象。
精听党每日美句
The best hearts are always the bravest.
心灵最高尚的人,也总是最勇敢的人。
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