文本选自:Scientific American(科学美国人)
作者:Meghan Bartels
原文标题:Here’s the Real Story behind the Massive ‘Blob’ of Seaweed Heading toward Florida
原文发布时间:17 Mar. 2023
Here's the Real Story behind the Massive 'Blob' of Seaweed Heading toward Florida
A loose raft of brown seaweed spanning about twice the width of the U.S. is inching across the Caribbean. Currently, bucketloads of the buoyant algae are washing up on beaches on the eastern coast of Florida earlier in the year than usual, raising scientists' concerns for what coming months will bring.
The seaweed is made up of algal species in the genus Sargassum. These species grow as a mat of glops of algae that stay afloat via little air-filled sacs attached to leafy structures. The algae form a belt between the Caribbean and West Africa in the Sargasso Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean and then ride the currents west. Scientists say that reports of a massive blob of seaweed slamming into coastlines are overblown because the Sargassum algae are scattered across the ocean, and much of the seaweed will never reach the coast's sandy shores. But in recent years researchers have generally seen larger so-called Sargassum blooms. And once the seaweed begins washing up on beaches and rotting, it can cause serious problems, local communities say.
Among annual Sargassum censuses in the Atlantic Ocean, "2018 was the record year, and we've had several big years since, " says Brian Lapointe, an oceanographer at Florida Atlantic University, who has studied seaweed for decades. "This is the new normal, and we're going to have to adapt to it."
巨大的海藻“团”向佛罗里达州移动背后的真实故事
精听党背景导读
在大西洋形成的大量海藻正向佛罗里达海岸和整个墨西哥湾的其他海岸线移动,这些海藻可能会在海滩上大量堆积,散发臭味,造成潜在危险,并给旅游季节带来巨大的打击。这种海藻是一种叫做马尾藻的品种,长期以来在大西洋形成了大规模的藻华,自2011年以来,科学家们一直在追踪大规模的藻华积累。但今年的马尾藻数量可能是有记录以来最大的——从非洲海岸到墨西哥湾,跨度超过5000英里。
文本选自:Scientific American(科学美国人)作者:Meghan Bartels原文标题:Here’s the Real Story behind the Massive ‘Blob’ of Seaweed Heading toward Florida原文发布时间:17 Mar. 2023关键词:海藻 移动 危害
精听党带着问题听
1.“浮力”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 马尾藻是依靠什么漂浮在水面上的?3. 如何理解第二段中的“overblown”?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Here’s the Real Story behind the Massive ‘Blob’ of Seaweed Heading toward Florida
巨大的海藻“团”向佛罗里达州移动背后的真实故事
massive adj.(尺寸、数量、规模)非常大的;
blob n. 难以名状的一团,形状难以确定的一团;
seaweed n. 海草;海藻;
head vi. 朝(某方向)行进;1. Where are we heading? 我们要往哪儿去?
段一
A loose raft of brown seaweed spanning about twice the width of the U.S. is inching across the Caribbean. Currently, bucketloads of the buoyant algae are washing up on beaches on the eastern coast of Florida earlier in the year than usual, raising scientists’ concerns for what coming months will bring.
loose adj. 松散的,疏松的;不结实的;1. She usually wears her hair loose. 她通常披散着头发。2. loose soil 疏松的土壤;3. stay loose 保持镇静;不着急;
raft n. 大量;许多;
span vi. 横跨;跨越;
inch vi.(使朝某方向)谨慎移动;
Caribbean n. 加勒比海;加勒比地区;
bucketload n. 大量;
buoyant adj. 漂浮的;能够漂起的;有浮力的;看涨的;保持高价的;繁荣的;1. buoyant force 浮力;2. a buoyant economy/market 繁荣的经济/市场;
algae n. 藻;海藻;(alga的复数);
wash vi.(向着某一方向)流动;冲向;
eastern coast 东部海岸;
raise vt. 引起,使出现;1. raise sb.'s concern 引起某人的关注;
参考译文
大量松散的棕色海藻绵延了大约两倍于美国的宽度,正缓缓穿过加勒比海。目前,成堆的浮游藻类在今年早于往年被冲上佛罗里达州东海岸的海滩,这引发了科学家对未来数月会发生什么事情的隐忧。
段二
The seaweed is made up of algal species in the genus Sargassum. These species grow as a mat of glops of algae that stay afloat via little air-filled sacs attached to leafy structures. The algae form a belt between the Caribbean and West Africa in the Sargasso Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean and then ride the currents west. Scientists say that reports of a massive blob of seaweed slamming into coastlines are overblown because the Sargassum algae are scattered across the ocean, and much of the seaweed will never reach the coast’s sandy shores. But in recent years researchers have generally seen larger so-called Sargassum blooms. And once the seaweed begins washing up on beaches and rotting, it can cause serious problems, local communities say.
be made up of 由…所组成;
algal adj. 海藻的;1. algal bloom 水华;藻花;
genus n. 类,种;
Sargassum n. 马尾藻类海草;
mat n. 团;簇;丛;1. a mat of hair 一团毛发;
glop n.(令人恶心的)黏糊糊一堆;
afloat adj.(在水上)漂浮的;
air-filled adj. 充气的;1. air-filled toy 充气玩具;
sac n. [生物]囊;液囊;
leafy adj. 叶状的;
belt n. 地带;地区;
Sargasso Sea 马尾藻海(在西印度群岛东北);
current n. 水流;
a massive blob of 一大团;
slam into 猛烈撞击,撞上;1. slam into somebody 猛击某人;
coastline n. 海岸线;
overblown adj. 夸张的;
scattered adj. 分散的,零散的;
so-called adj. 叫做…的,号称…的;
rot vi. 腐败,腐坏;
参考译文
这种海藻由马尾藻属的藻类组成。这些物种像一团海藻一样生长,通过附着在叶状结构上的充满空气的小囊保持漂浮。这些海藻在北大西洋马尾藻海的加勒比海和西非之间形成了一条海藻带,然后乘着洋流向西。科学家们表示,有关大量海藻撞击海岸线的报道夸大其词,因为马尾藻分散在海洋中,大部分海藻永远不会到达沙质海岸。但近年来,研究人员普遍看到了更大的所谓马尾藻水华。当地社区表示,一旦海藻被冲到海滩上并腐烂,就会造成严重的问题。
段三
Among annual Sargassum censuses in the Atlantic Ocean, “2018 was the record year, and we’ve had several big years since,” says Brian Lapointe, an oceanographer at Florida Atlantic University, who has studied seaweed for decades. “This is the new normal, and we’re going to have to adapt to it.”
census n.(官方的)统计;
Atlantic Ocean 大西洋;
oceanographer n. 海洋学家;海洋研究者;
adapt to 使自己适应于…;1. adapt to college life 适应大学生活;2. adapt to her new life 适应她的新生活;
参考译文
佛罗里达大西洋大学的海洋学家布莱恩·拉普安特研究海藻已有数十年,他说:“在大西洋的年度马尾藻统计中,2018年是创纪录的一年,自那以后我们经历了海藻爆发的好几年。”“这是新常态,我们将不得不适应它。”
精听党每日单词
massive
/ˈmæsɪv/ adj.(尺寸、数量、规模)非常大的;
blob
/blɑːb/ n. 难以名状的一团,形状难以确定的一团;
seaweed
/ˈsiːwiːd/ n. 海草;海藻;
head
/hed/ vi. 朝(某方向)行进;
loose
/luːs/ adj. 松散的,疏松的;不结实的;
raft
/ræft/ n. 大量;许多;
span
/spæn/ vi. 横跨;跨越;
inch
/ɪntʃ/ vi.(使朝某方向)谨慎移动;
Caribbean
/ˌkærɪˈbiːən; kəˈrɪbiən/ n. 加勒比海;加勒比地区;
bucketload
/ˈbʌkɪtloʊd/ n. 大量;
buoyant
/ˈbɔɪənt/ adj. 漂浮的;能够漂起的;有浮力的;看涨的;保持高价的;繁荣的;
algae
/ˈældʒiː/ n. 藻;海藻;(alga的复数);
wash
/wɑːʃ/ vi.(向着某一方向)流动;冲向;
eastern coast
东部海岸;
raise
/reɪz/ vt. 引起,使出现;
be made up of
由…所组成;
algal
/ˈælɡəl/ adj. 海藻的;
genus
/ˈdʒiːnəs/ n. 类,种;
Sargassum
/sɑrˈɡæsəm/ n. 马尾藻类海草;
mat
/mæt/ n. 团;簇;丛;
glop
/ɡlɑːp/ n.(令人恶心的)黏糊糊一堆;
afloat
/əˈfloʊt/ adj.(在水上)漂浮的;
air-filled
/er fɪld/ adj. 充气的;
sac
/sæk/ n. [生物]囊;液囊;
leafy
/ˈliːfi/ adj. 叶状的;
belt
/belt/ n. 地带;地区;
Sargasso Sea
马尾藻海(在西印度群岛东北);
current
/ˈkɜːrənt/ n. 水流;
a massive blob of
一大团;
slam into
猛烈撞击,撞上;
coastline
/ˈkoʊstlaɪn/ n. 海岸线;
overblown
/ˌoʊvərˈbloʊn/ adj. 夸张的;
scattered
/ˈskætərd/ adj. 分散的,零散的;
so-called
/ˌsoʊ ˈkɔːld/ adj. 叫做…的,号称…的;
rot
/rɑːt/ vi. 腐败,腐坏;
census
/ˈsensəs/ n.(官方的)统计;
Atlantic Ocean
大西洋;
oceanographer
/ˌoʊʃəˈnɑːɡrəfər/ n. 海洋学家;海洋研究者;
adapt to
使自己适应于…;
精听党文化拓展
马尾藻是大西洋上最常见的褐藻,但马尾藻是一个笼统的术语,可以用来指300多种褐藻。而海藻在海上漂流时也有它的好处。马尾藻信息中心网站称:“这种漂浮的栖息地为鱼类、哺乳动物、海鸟、螃蟹等提供了食物和保护。”马尾藻信息中心是多个研究机构的联合项目。“它是濒危红海龟的重要栖息地,也是各种商业上重要鱼类的苗圃,如鲭鱼、杰克鱼和琥珀杰克鱼。”当马尾藻到达海滩时,问题就出现了,它不仅能堆积成一堆,导致道路堵塞,而且还会释放出臭鸡蛋一样的气体。它可以迅速从海洋生物的财富变成威胁。佛罗里达大西洋大学的海洋学家布莱恩·拉普安特说:“它的数量如此之大,基本上把水中的氧气都吸走了,形成了我们所说的死区。这些水域通常是渔业的温床,一旦它们缺少氧气,依赖水域的生物就失去了栖息地。”
拉普安特指出,马尾藻也可能对人体健康有害。腐烂藻类释放的气体硫化氢是有毒的,会导致呼吸系统疾病。“清理海滩时必须非常小心,”他警告说。这种海藻本身的肉中也含有砷,如果吞食或用作肥料,就会很危险。“如果你在某个地方收割它用作肥料,你必须非常小心,特别是如果你把它用作人类消费的食物和纤维作物。”拉普安特表示。马尾藻信息中心指出,堆积在海滩上的大量藻类也需要花费数百万美元来清理。
美国国家海洋和大气管理局大西洋海洋与气象实验室的海洋学家古斯塔沃·豪尔赫·戈尼(Gustavo Jorge Goni)博士说,就像地面上的植物和农作物一样,海藻的增殖也会根据营养物质、降雨和风力条件变化的生态因素而逐年变化。同样,海流也会改变马尾藻的年生长和积累量。海洋中的磷和氮也可以作为藻类的食物。拉普安特对马尾藻形成的区域进行了采样,并将其与20世纪80年代的旧样本进行了比较,发现氮含量上升了45%。研究人员认为,这种增加可能是繁殖期大规模增长的原因之一。
精听党每日美句
Excuse will turn your dreams into dust.
借口会使你的梦想灰飞烟灭。