文本选自:The New York Times(纽约时报)
作者:Shawn Hubler
原文标题:‘The Big Melt’ Has Begun in California
原文发布时间:25 Apr. 2023
'The Big Melt' Has Begun in California
It finally feels like spring in California, always a half-full kind of season. Earth Day celebrations this weekend saw temperatures in the 80s in some parts of the state. After the driest three years on record, the storms that hammered the state all winter have effectively banished the drought and left reservoirs brimming. A wildflower "super bloom" is running rampant, as my flower-loving colleague Jill Cowan reported recently.
On the half-empty side, though, a hard reckoning is coming. Financial losses from the storms are expected to add up into the many billions of dollars, and that's not even counting a bumper crop of potholes on the state's streets, roads and freeways. Now, an immense wall of snow has started to drain from the Sierra Nevada as the skies warm over a near-record snowpack. "The Big Melt is now officially arriving, " Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, tweeted late last week.
Already, the bed of Tulare Lake, which was the largest body of fresh water west of the Mississippi River before it was drained, has begun to refill in Kings County, submerging the great stretches of prime agricultural land and major dairy operations that took its place. And only about 5 percent of the snowpack has melted so far, according to Swain. Municipalities and private landowners have been trying to corral the flow of water into a web of levees. But even so, Tulare Lake, which covered an area larger than Manhattan when Soumya Karlamangla and I wrote about it a few weeks ago, has more than tripled in size since then, local authorities say.
加州“大融化”已经开始
精听党背景导读
据美国《洛杉矶时报》网站4月3日报道,美国加利福尼亚州官员表示,该州今年年初的潮湿寒冷天气可能导致了70多年来记录到的最厚积雪,积雪融化可能在当地引发春季大洪水。
根据《洛杉矶时报》对雪量传感器数据的分析结果,加州积雪厚度非常深,目前的存水量约相当于在大约3000万英亩(1英亩合4046.8平方米)土地上覆盖1英尺(1英尺合0.3米)深的水——比美国最大水库米德湖的蓄水量还要多。
文本选自:The New York Times(纽约时报)作者:Shawn Hubler原文标题:‘The Big Melt’ Has Begun in California原文发布时间:25 Apr. 2023关键词:加州 积雪 融化
精听党带着问题听
1. 如何理解第一段的“half-full”?2.“泛滥成灾”用英语可以如何表达?3. 到目前为止,有多少积雪融化了?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
‘The Big Melt’ Has Begun in California
加州“大融化”已经开始
melt
n. 融化,融合;熔化的金属,熔化物;1. v. (使)熔化,融化;(逐渐)减少,消失;
I’m melting. 我要热死了。
段一
It finally feels like spring in California, always a half-full kind of season. Earth Day celebrations this weekend saw temperatures in the 80s in some parts of the state. After the driest three years on record, the storms that hammered the state all winter have effectively banished the drought and left reservoirs brimming. A wildflower “super bloom” is running rampant, as my flower-loving colleague Jill Cowan reported recently.
half-full adj. 半满的;半饱的;乐观的;1. glass half full 乐观性格,乐观心态;
Are you a glass-half-full person? 你是一个乐观主义者吗?Is your glass half full, or half empty? 你的杯子是半满还是半空的?The glass is half empty.(=pessimistic) 杯子是半空的(意味着悲观)。
Earth Day 世界地球日;
see vt. 见证;(某个时间或地点)遭受,经历;1. to have seen better days 曾经有过一段好日子;2. a period which saw the birth of computer science 见证了计算机科学诞生的时代;
temperature n. 温度,气温;1. °F = degrees Fahrenheit 华氏度;2. °C = degrees Celsius (其他国家) 摄氏度;
on record 记录在案的;公开发表的;
storm n. 暴风雨,暴风雪,风暴;
hammer vt.(用锤子)敲击;用力敲打,猛踢;强行灌输,反复强调;
banish vt. 驱逐,赶走;将…驱逐出境,流放;清除,消除;1. to banish all thoughts of winter 打消所有关于冬天的想法;
drought n. 长期缺乏,严重短缺;干旱,旱灾;
reservoir n. 水库,蓄水池;
brim vi. 满,盛满;充满;1. to brim with sth. 装满某物;2. Her eyes brimmed with tears. 她的眼里满是泪水。
wildflower n. 野花;
bloom n. 花,花朵;花期;
rampant adj. 泛滥的,猖獗的;(植物)过于繁茂的,疯长的;1. rampant vegetation 繁茂的植被;2. run rampant 猖狂;泛滥成灾;
colleague n. 同事,同僚;
参考译文
加州的春天终于来了,这永远是一个充满希望的季节。在周末世界地球日的庆祝活动,该州部分地区的气温达到了80多华氏度(27-32℃)。在经历了有史以来最为干旱的三年之后,整个冬天加州遭风暴肆虐,有效地解除了干旱,水库也蓄满了水。正如我爱花的同事吉尔·考恩(Jill Cowan)最近报道的那样,野花正在疯狂“盛开”。
段二
On the half-empty side, though, a hard reckoning is coming. Financial losses from the storms are expected to add up into the many billions of dollars, and that’s not even counting a bumper crop of potholes on the state’s streets, roads and freeways. Now, an immense wall of snow has started to drain from the Sierra Nevada as the skies warm over a near-record snowpack. “The Big Melt is now officially arriving,” Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, tweeted late last week.
half-empty adj. 半空的;悲观的;
reckoning n. 计算;清算;算账;1. day of reckoning 结账日;最后审判日;2. The reckoning always comes. 凡事终有报应。
add up 合计;
bumper adj. 丰收的,丰盛的;巨大的,大号的;1. bumper harvest 丰收;2. a bumper crop 特大的丰收;丰收;
pothole n. 壶穴,坑洼;
freeway n. <美>高速公路;
immense adj. 极大的,巨大的;无边无际的;
drain vi. 排出,滤干;喝光,喝干;使劳累,使疲惫; 逐渐消失;使降低,消耗;
Sierra Nevada n. 内华达山脉(美国加利福尼亚州东部的花岗岩块状山脉);
near-record adj. 几乎创纪录的;接近纪录的;
snowpack n. [水文] 积雪场;1. seasonal snowpack 季节性雪盖;2. snowpack volume 积雪量;3. the lowest snowpack on record 有记录以来最少的积雪;
参考译文
然而,从悲观的角度来说, 即将面临的是残酷的局面。风暴造成的经济损失预计将达到数十亿美元,这还不包括该州街道、公路和高速公路上大量坑坑洼洼的路面。加州接近创纪录水平的积雪随着(上空)天气变暖,内华达山脉一堵巨大的雪墙现已开始逐渐融化。加州大学洛杉矶分校的气候科学家丹尼尔·斯温(Daniel Swain)上周晚些时候在推特上写道,“积雪大融化现在正式开始了。”
段三
Already, the bed of Tulare Lake, which was the largest body of fresh water west of the Mississippi River before it was drained, has begun to refill in Kings County, submerging the great stretches of prime agricultural land and major dairy operations that took its place. And only about 5 percent of the snowpack has melted so far, according to Swain. Municipalities and private landowners have been trying to corral the flow of water into a web of levees. But even so, Tulare Lake, which covered an area larger than Manhattan when Soumya Karlamangla and I wrote about it a few weeks ago, has more than tripled in size since then, local authorities say.
bed n. 床;基础;河底,海底;
Tulare Lake n. 图莱里湖(美国加利福尼亚州的淡水旱湖);
fresh water 湖水,[地质] 淡水;
refill vi. 被再注满;再装满;再充满;
Kings County n. 金斯县 (新斯科舍省);
submerge vt. 潜入水中,(使)没入水中,浸没;湮没,掩盖(思想、感情等); (自己)集中精力于,使(自己)沉浸于;1. to submerge oneself in work 潜心于工作;
stretch n.(土地或水域的)一片,一段;(时间)连续的一段,持续;
prime adj. 主要的,首要的;
dairy adj. 奶制的,乳品的;
take its place 取代了它的位置,取而代之;
municipality n. 市政当局;自治市;
private landowner 私有土地业权人;
corral vt. 把(马、牛)关进畜栏;把(一群人)集中关在一起;将(车辆)围作车阵;捉住;
levee n. 堤坝;码头;
Manhattan n. 曼哈顿岛(美国的一个区);1. downtown Manhattan 曼哈顿闹市区;
triple vi.成为三倍,增加两倍;
参考译文
图拉雷湖在干涸之前是密西西比河以西最大的淡水湖,在金斯县,湖床已经开始重新被填满水,淹没了原来大片优质农田和主要乳制品生产。据斯温说,到目前为止,只有大约5%的积雪融化了。市政当局和私人土地所有者一直在努力让堤坝防护网阻止水流入。但即便如此,当地政府表示,在苏米亚·卡拉曼拉(Soumya Karlamangla)和我几周前写有关它的文章时,图拉雷湖的面积比曼哈顿还大,自那以后已经扩大了两倍多。
精听党每日单词
melt
/melt/ n. 融化,融合;熔化的金属,熔化物;
half-full
/hæf fʊl/ adj. 半满的;半饱的;乐观的;
Earth Day
世界地球日;
see
/siː/ vt. 见证;(某个时间或地点)遭受,经历;
temperature
/ˈtemprətʃər/ n. 温度,气温;
on record
记录在案的;公开发表的;
storm
/stɔːrm/ n. 暴风雨,暴风雪,风暴;
hammer
/ˈhæmər/ vt.(用锤子)敲击;用力敲打,猛踢;强行灌输,反复强调;
banish
/ˈbænɪʃ/ vt. 驱逐,赶走;将…驱逐出境,流放;清除,消除;
drought
/draʊt/ n. 长期缺乏,严重短缺;干旱,旱灾;
reservoir
/ˈrezərvwɑːr/ n. 水库,蓄水池;
brim
/brɪm/ vi. 满,盛满;充满;
wildflower
/ˈwaɪldˌflaʊər/ n. 野花;
bloom
/bluːm/ n. 花,花朵;花期;
rampant
/ˈræmpənt/ adj. 泛滥的,猖獗的;(植物)过于繁茂的,疯长的;
colleague
/ˈkɑːliːɡ/ n. 同事,同僚;
half-empty
/hæf ˈempti/ adj. 半空的;悲观的;
reckoning
/ˈrekənɪŋ/ n. 计算;清算;算账;
add up
合计;
bumper
/ˈbʌmpər/ adj. 丰收的,丰盛的;巨大的,大号的;
pothole
/ˈpɑːthoʊl/ n. 壶穴,坑洼;
freeway
/ˈfriːweɪ/ n. <美>高速公路;
immense
/ɪˈmens/ adj. 极大的,巨大的;无边无际的;
drain
/dreɪn/ vi. 排出,滤干;喝光,喝干;使劳累,使疲惫; 逐渐消失;使降低,消耗;
Sierra Nevada
n. 内华达山脉(美国加利福尼亚州东部的花岗岩块状山脉);
near-record
/nɪr ˈrekərd/ adj. 几乎创纪录的;接近纪录的;
snowpack
/ˈsnoʊˌpæk/ n. [水文] 积雪场;
bed
/bed/ n. 床;基础;河底,海底;
Tulare Lake
n. 图莱里湖(美国加利福尼亚州的淡水旱湖);
fresh water
湖水,[地质] 淡水;
refill
/riːˈfɪl; ˈriːfɪl/ vi. 被再注满;再装满;再充满;
Kings County
n. 金斯县 (新斯科舍省);
submerge
/səbˈmɜːrdʒ/ vt.(使)潜入水中,(使)没入水中,浸没;湮没,掩盖(思想、感情等);使(自己)集中精力于,使(自己)沉浸于;
stretch
/stretʃ/ n.(土地或水域的)一片,一段;(时间)连续的一段,持续;
prime
/praɪm/ adj. 主要的,首要的;
dairy
/ˈderi/ adj. 奶制的,乳品的;
take its place
取代了它的位置,取而代之;
municipality
/mjuːˌnɪsɪˈpæləti/ n. 市政当局;自治市;
private landowner
私有土地业权人;
corral
/kəˈræl/ vt. 把(马、牛)关进畜栏;把(一群人)集中关在一起;将(车辆)围作车阵;捉住;
levee
/ˈlevi/ n. 堤坝;码头;
Manhattan
/mənˈhætən/ n. 曼哈顿岛(美国的一个区);
triple
/ˈtrɪp(ə)l/ vi. 成为三倍,增加两倍;
精听党文化拓展
自去年12月下旬以来,新一轮冬季风暴侵袭美国西部地区,风暴引发暴雨、强风及部分地区的强降雪,造成大规模断电以及洪水、龙卷风、泥石流和山体滑坡等灾害。据美国媒体报道,风暴已造成加州至少20人遇难,数千万人处于洪水警报之下。加州许多地区过去3周内的降雨量与正常情况下一整年的降雨量相当。加州州长紧急服务办公室发言人布赖恩·弗格森表示,这是加州历史上“最致命的自然灾难之一”。
根据加州地质调查局数据,自去年12月30日以来,加州已发生600多起山体滑坡。重灾区文图拉县有近百名居民被直升机撤离。当地官员表示,一些偏远山区道路被高耸的岩石和泥土堆阻断,至少需要3周时间清理,维修工作则需要长达半年。
近年来,美国西部地区持续遭受干旱、山火、暴雨、洪涝等极端天气灾害。气象学专家表示,随着气候变暖带来的气温升高,“大气河”区域范围将比目前观测到的更长、更宽、更剧烈,也将更有破坏性。气候变暖导致极端天气发生频率增加,也使得降水的监测更加困难。气候模型对于低海拔地区的降水情况预测更准确,但高海拔地区的预测较为困难,模拟“大气河”现象的潜在变化对于供水紧缺的地区至关重要。
精听党每日美句
The greatest of faults is to be conscious of none.
种种过错中最大的过错,就在于不承认任何过错。