每日英语听力外刊精读20230517:政府无力支付账单对美国经济意味着什么?


文本选自:CNBC(美国全国广播公司财经频道)
作者:Sarah Ewall-Wice
原文标题:What the government being unable to pay the bills could mean for the U.S. economy
原文发布时间:12 May 2023
What the government being unable to pay the bills could mean for the U.S. economy
As President Joe Biden and congressional leaders are in a high-stakes standoff over the debt limit, experts warn it would be catastrophic if leaders do not reach an agreement in time – and launch the economy into chaos. If Congress does not raise or suspend the debt limit, the Treasury Department estimates the United States could run out of money as early as June 1, giving a divided Congress just weeks to reach a deal.
"This would be a huge hit to the economy and really an economic catastrophe, " Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen told CNBC on Monday. She has warned that there is no action Mr. Biden and the Treasury can take to prevent disaster if Congress does not act. "If Congress doesn't raise the debt ceiling, the president will have to make some decisions about what to do with the resources we do have, and there are a variety of different options, but there are no good options. Every option is a bad option," said Yellen. "The only option that really leaves our economy in good shape is — and our financial system — is raising the debt ceiling."
Amid escalating rhetoric and little progress, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell has also said Americans cannot rely on the central bank to protect them from the fallout if the U.S. defaults for the first time. "We shouldn't even be talking about a world in which the U.S. doesn't pay its bills. It just shouldn't be a thing," Powell said. "No one should assume that the Fed can… really protect the economy and the financial system, and our reputation globally, from the damage such an event might inflict."

政府无力支付账单对美国经济意味着什么?

精听党背景导读
5月12日,世界银行行长马尔帕斯表示,美国债务违约的风险正在加剧全球经济面临的问题。
马尔帕斯表示,利率的不断上升和较高债务水平抑制了投资,阻碍世界经济发展。他表示,目前世界经济面临的一个重大挑战是,发达经济体背负了太多的债务,需要大量资本来偿还,留给发展中国家的投资太少。如果美国无法解决债务违约问题,后果将很严重。
文本选自:CNBC(美国全国广播公司财经频道)作者:Sarah Ewall-Wice原文标题:What the government being unable to pay the bills could mean for the U.S. economy原文发布时间:12 May 2023关键词:美国 债务上限 违约

精听党带着问题听
1.“各自付账”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解第二段中的“in good shape”?3. 如果美国债务违约,结果会怎样?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
What the government being unable to pay the bills could mean for the U.S. economy
政府无力支付账单对美国经济意味着什么?
pay the bills
 付账;1. split the bill 平均分担费用;2. go Dutch 各自付账;
段一
As President Joe Biden and congressional leaders are in a high-stakes standoff over the debt limit, experts warn it would be catastrophic if leaders do not reach an agreement in time – and launch the economy into chaos. If Congress does not raise or suspend the debt limit, the Treasury Department estimates the United States could run out of money as early as June 1, giving a divided Congress just weeks to reach a deal.
congressional adj.(美国)国会的;
high-stakes adj. 高风险的;
standoff n. 僵局;
debt limit [金融] 债务限额;
catastrophic adj. 灾难性的;1. catastrophic effect 灾难性后果;
reach an agreement 达成协议;取得一致意见,达成共识;
in time 及时;适时;
chaos n. 混乱,无秩序状态;
suspend vt. 延缓;暂缓;推迟;
run out of 用完;
divided adj. 分裂的,有分歧的;
reach a deal 达成协议;
参考译文
就在美国总统拜登和国会领导人就债务上限问题陷入高风险僵局之际,专家警告说,如果领导人不能及时达成协议,美国经济将陷入混乱,这将是灾难性的。美国财政部估计,如果国会不提高或延缓债务上限,美国最早可能在6月1日耗尽资金,给意见分歧的国会只有几周的时间来达成协议。
段二
"This would be a huge hit to the economy and really an economic catastrophe," Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen told CNBC on Monday. She has warned that there is no action Mr. Biden and the Treasury can take to prevent disaster if Congress does not act. "If Congress doesn't raise the debt ceiling, the president will have to make some decisions about what to do with the resources we do have, and there are a variety of different options, but there are no good options. Every option is a bad option," said Yellen. "The only option that really leaves our economy in good shape is — and our financial system — is raising the debt ceiling."
huge hit 巨大的打击;非常受欢迎(或成功)的事物(或人);1. It's a huge hit around the world. 这在全世界都是一个巨大的成功。
catastrophe n. 灾难,灾祸;
CNBC abbr. 美国全国广播公司财经频道(Consumer News and Business Channel);
raise the debt ceiling 提高债务上限;
a variety of 各种各样的;
in good shape 精神或身体状态好;处于很好的状态;
financial system [金融] 金融体系;[会计] 财务系统;
参考译文
美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦周一对CNBC表示:“这将是对经济的巨大打击,也是一场真正的经济灾难。”她警告说,如果国会不采取行动,拜登和财政部就无法阻止灾难的发生。耶伦说:“如果国会不提高债务上限,总统将不得不就如何处理我们现有的资源做出一些决定,有各种不同的选择,但没有好的选择。每一个选择都是糟糕的选择。唯一能让我们的经济和金融系统保持良好状态的选择就是提高债务上限。”
段三
Amid escalating rhetoric and little progress, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell has also said Americans cannot rely on the central bank to protect them from the fallout if the U.S. defaults for the first time. "We shouldn't even be talking about a world in which the U.S. doesn't pay its bills. It just shouldn't be a thing," Powell said. "No one should assume that the Fed can… really protect the economy and the financial system, and our reputation globally, from the damage such an event might inflict."
amid prep. 在…过程中,在…中;
escalating adj. 逐步上涨的;
rhetoric n. 华而不实的言语;花言巧语;
Federal Reserve (美国)联邦储备系统;
chairman n.(尤指男性)主席,(委员会或组织的)负责人;
fallout n. 后果;余波;(核爆炸后的)放射性坠尘;
default n. 违约,不履行义务;
assume vt. 假定,假设;
Fed abbr. 联邦储备局(the Federal Reserve System);
reputation n. 名誉,名声;
inflict vt. 使遭受,使承受;
参考译文
在言论不断升级、进展甚微的情况下,美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔也表示,如果美国首次违约,美国人不能指望美联储保护他们免受影响。鲍威尔说:“我们甚至不应该谈论一个美国不支付账单的世界。这根本不应该成为一件事。任何人都不应该认为,美联储能够……真正保护经济和金融体系,以及我们在全球的声誉,使其免受此类事件可能造成的损害。”
精听党每日单词
pay the bills
 付账;
congressional
/kənˈɡreʃən(ə)l/ adj.(美国)国会的;
high-stakes
/haɪ steɪks/ adj. 高风险的;
standoff
/ˈstændˌɔːf/ n. 僵局;
debt limit
 [金融] 债务限额;
catastrophic 
/ˌkætəˈstrɑːfɪk/ adj. 灾难性的;
reach an agreement
 达成协议;取得一致意见,达成共识;
in time
 及时;适时;
chaos
 /ˈkeɪɑːs/ n. 混乱,无秩序状态;
suspend
/səˈspend/ vt. 延缓;暂缓;推迟;
run out of
 用完;
divided
/dɪˈvaɪdɪd/ adj. 分裂的,有分歧的;
reach a deal
 达成协议;
huge hit
 巨大的打击;非常受欢迎(或成功)的事物(或人);
catastrophe
/kəˈtæstrəfi/ n. 灾难,灾祸;
CNBC
 abbr. 美国全国广播公司财经频道(Consumer News and Business Channel);
raise the debt ceiling
 提高债务上限;
a variety of
 各种各样的;
in good shape
 精神或身体状态好;处于很好的状态;
financial system
 [金融] 金融体系;[会计] 财务系统;
amid
/əˈmɪd/ prep. 在…过程中,在…中;
escalating
/ˈeskəleɪtɪŋ/ adj. 逐步上涨的;
rhetoric
/ˈretərɪk/ n. 华而不实的言语;花言巧语;
Federal Reserve
 (美国)联邦储备系统;
chairman
/ˈtʃermən/ n.(尤指男性)主席,(委员会或组织的)负责人;
fallout
/ˈfɔːlaʊt/ n. 后果;余波;(核爆炸后的)放射性坠尘;
default
/dɪˈfɔːltˌˈdiːfɔːlt/ n. 违约,不履行义务;
assume
/əˈsuːm/ vt. 假定,假设;
Fed
/fed/ abbr. 联邦储备局(the Federal Reserve System);
reputation
/ˌrepjuˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 名誉,名声;
inflict
/ɪnˈflɪkt/ vt. 使遭受,使承受;
精听党文化拓展
每当债务上限被突破之后,国会便会采取行动,包括永久提高债务上限、暂时延迟债务上限以及修改债务上限定义等措施。根据美国财政部公布数据显示,自1939年美国采用债务上限模式以来,债务上限额度已经被提升了108次。美国债务上限额度已经从1939年的450亿美元提升至2021年的31.4万亿美元。
根据历史经验,为了避免债务违约,财政部通常通过TGA账户中的留存现金以及非常规操作创造的额外借款空间来支撑政府支出。其中,非常规操作主要指的是通过暂停某些类型债务的增长,如暂停政府证券投资基金的再投资(G-Fund)、暂停对外汇稳定基金的再投资(ESF)以及公务员退休和伤残基金(CSRDF)、邮政退休人员健康福利基金(PSRHBF)等投资,从而挪腾出借款空间来筹措资金。
近期两党关于债务上限问题争论激烈,从历次经验来看,尽管两党争论激烈,在违约之前均能达成共识。因而,我们预计,本轮美国债务上限依然能如期提高,美国政府债务最终违约的概率或相对较小。尽管美国政府债务违约的概率相对较小,但若美国国会迟迟不就债务上限问题达成协议,金融市场不确定性也会增加。
例如,2011年5月美国政府债务已经达到法定上限,但直到8月迟迟没有就债务上限达成协议,美国债务违约风险不断加大。2011年7月14日国际评级机构标准普尔宣布将美国“AAA”长期主权信用评级和“A-1+”短期主权信用评级列入负面观察名单;随后,于8月5日宣布将美国的长期主权信用评级从“AAA”下调至“AA+”,并确认了“A-1+”短期评级。受此影响,美国股市大跌,美债收益率下行。
近期受美国债务上限暂无达成协议以及美国经济放缓、通胀压力仍大等因素影响,美国1年期CDS已经处于历史高位。
精听党每日美句
You make the failure complete when you stop trying.
当你停止尝试的时候,你就完全失败了。
每日英语听力外刊精读20230508:美国面临着一场债务噩梦
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