文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:School-voucher schemes are spreading across America
原文发布时间:2 Apr. 2023
School-voucher schemes are spreading across America
People lined the walls in the packed hearing room. The double doors at the back opened and closed constantly as traffic flowed in and out. Adults whispered, some small children whimpered. A heavyset man in a bright green T-shirt smelling strongly of damp laundry was seated shoulder-to-shoulder with your correspondent. When the Democratic legislators spoke, he leaned closer and mumbled disapprovingly. Agitation was palpable on both sides. Florida was about to pass its first statewide universal school-voucher bill, and the stakes were high.
On March 27th Florida's governor, Ron DeSantis, signed a bill that will allow families to take about $8,000 of state education funds, typically allocated to public schools, and use it for private school, religious school or even home schooling. Florida is not the first state to do this. A similar law was passed in Arizona last year, and in Arkansas, Iowa and Utah over the past few months. Indiana, Oklahoma and Texas all have similar bills in the works. According to the Centre on Budget and Policy Priorities, half of all states are considering new laws to expand these policies.
About 10% of pupils attend private schools in America, a higher share than in Britain, which is often seen as an outlier. And their number may be about to soar. Fans of vouchers argue that they give less-affluent parents the same sort of choices as the parents of children at Andover and Choate.
++++++++++++++++++++精讲讲义++++++++++++++++++++
教育券计划正在全美蔓延
精听党背景导读
教育券计划,是在美国推行了很多年的教育公平推进制度。美国教育券最初的用意,是政府以教育代金券的方式将教育经费发放给家长,是学校为了争夺家长手中所握有的教育经费而形成竞争性的教育市场。
在具体的实施中,政府将原本直接投入公立学校的教育经费,按照学生均等的方式折算出人均后,以面额固定的有价证券形式直接发放给家庭或学生,学生凭教育券便可以自由选择政府认可的学校进行就读,以教育券抵扣全部或部分学费,并不受学区限制。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:School-voucher schemes are spreading across America原文发布时间:2 Apr. 2023关键词:教育券 美国 公平
精听党带着问题听
1. 如何理解第一段的“stakes”?2. 在美国,大约多少学生就读于私立学校?3.“富人区”用英语可以如何表达?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
School-voucher schemes are spreading across America
教育券计划正在全美蔓延
voucher n. 代币券;票券;1. discount voucher 折扣券;优惠券;
This discount voucher entitles you to 10% off your next purchase. 凭这张优惠券,您下次购物可享受九折优惠。
spread vi. 蔓延,扩散,散开;1. The fire rapidly spread to adjoining buildings. 火势迅速蔓延到邻近的建筑物。
段一
People lined the walls in the packed hearing room. The double doors at the back opened and closed constantly as traffic flowed in and out. Adults whispered, some small children whimpered. A heavyset man in a bright green T-shirt smelling strongly of damp laundry was seated shoulder-to-shoulder with your correspondent. When the Democratic legislators spoke, he leaned closer and mumbled disapprovingly. Agitation was palpable on both sides. Florida was about to pass its first statewide universal school-voucher bill, and the stakes were high.
line vt. 沿…形成行(或列、排);1. The walls were lined with books. 墙上摆满了书。
packed adj. 挤满人的,非常拥挤的;充满的,装满的;1. a packed meeting in Detroit 一个在底特律召开的座无虚席的会议;
whisper vi. 耳语;低语;私语;小声说;1. He whispered to me that he was afraid. 他低声对我说他害怕。
whimper vi. 抽泣;呜咽;啜泣;泣诉;抽搭着说;1. The child was lost and began to whimper. 孩子迷路了,开始呜咽。
heavyset adj. 体格魁伟的;
damp adj. 潮湿的;1. the damp and cold air 又潮又冷的空气;
laundry n. 待洗(或正在洗涤、洗完)的衣物;洗衣房,洗衣店;1. laundry detergent 洗衣粉;洗衣精;
lean vi.(身体)倾斜;倾向于做;倚靠,靠在;1. Eileen leaned across and opened the passenger door. 艾琳俯身打开副驾驶门。
mumble vi. 嘟哝;口齿不清地说;
disapprovingly adv. 不以为然地;不赞成地;
agitation n. 焦虑不安;
palpable adj. 易于察觉的;可意识到的;明显的;1. The tension in the room was almost palpable. 房间里的紧张气氛几乎是显而易见的。
stake n. 赌注;风险;
参考译文
在座无虚席的听证室里,人们站在墙边。后面的两扇门随着人流的进出不断地开合。大人们窃窃私语,一些小孩子在呜咽。一个身材魁梧的男人穿着一件亮绿色t恤,身上散发着一股浓重的湿衣服味,他和记者肩并肩地坐在一起。当民主党议员们发言时,他靠得更近一些,不以为然地咕哝着。双方都明显感到不安。佛罗里达州即将通过第一个全州范围内的通用教育券法案,这是一个高风险的法案。
段二
On March 27th Florida’s governor, Ron DeSantis, signed a bill that will allow families to take about $8,000 of state education funds, typically allocated to public schools, and use it for private school, religious school or even home schooling. Florida is not the first state to do this. A similar law was passed in Arizona last year, and in Arkansas, Iowa and Utah over the past few months. Indiana, Oklahoma and Texas all have similar bills in the works. According to the Centre on Budget and Policy Priorities, half of all states are considering new laws to expand these policies.
allocate to 拨…(给);划…(归);分配…(给);1. They intend to allocate more places to mature students this year. 他们打算今年给成年学生分配更多的名额。
Arizona n. 亚利桑那州(美国州名);
Arkansas n. 阿肯色州(美国州名);
Iowa n. 爱荷华州(美国州名);
Utah n. 犹他州(美国州名);
Oklahoma n. 俄克拉荷马州(美国州名);
in the works 正在准备阶段;在进行中或准备中;1. Tax cuts are already in the works. 减税已经在进行中。
参考译文
3月27日,佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯签署了一项法案,允许家庭从通常分配给公立学校的州教育基金中拿出约8000美元,用于私立学校、宗教学校甚至家庭教育。佛罗里达州并不是第一个这样做的州。去年,亚利桑那州通过了类似的法律,过去几个月,阿肯色州、爱荷华州和犹他州也通过了类似的法律。印第安纳州、俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州都在酝酿类似的法案。根据预算和政策优先中心的数据,美国有一半的州正在考虑制定新的法律来扩大这些政策。
段三
About 10% of pupils attend private schools in America, a higher share than in Britain, which is often seen as an outlier. And their number may be about to soar. Fans of vouchers argue that they give less-affluent parents the same sort of choices as the parents of children at Andover and Choate.
outlier n.(统计)异常值;
soar vi. 急升;猛增;1. Unemployment has soared to 18%. 失业率飙升至18%。
affluent adj. 富裕的;1. a very affluent neighbourhood 富人区;
参考译文
在美国,大约有10%的学生就读于私立学校,这一比例高于英国,通常这被视为异常值。而且他们的数量可能还会激增。教育券的支持者认为,这些教育券给了不太富裕的父母与安多弗和乔特这两所学校的孩子父母同样的选择。
精听党每日单词
voucher
/ˈvaʊtʃər/ n. 代币券;票券;
spread
/spred/ vi. 蔓延,扩散,散开;
line
/laɪn/ vt. 沿…形成行(或列、排);
packed
/pækt/ adj. 挤满人的,非常拥挤的;充满的,装满的;
whisper
/ˈwɪspər/ vi. 耳语;低语;私语;小声说;
whimper
/ˈwɪmpər/ vi. 抽泣;呜咽;啜泣;泣诉;抽搭着说;
heavyset
/ˌheviˈset/ adj. 体格魁伟的;
damp
/dæmp/ adj. 潮湿的;
laundry
/ˈlɔːndri/ n. 待洗(或正在洗涤、洗完)的衣物;洗衣房,洗衣店;
lean
/liːn/ vi.(身体)倾斜;倾向于做;倚靠,靠在;
mumble
/ˈmʌmb(ə)l/ vi. 嘟哝;口齿不清地说;
disapprovingly
/ˌdɪsəˈpruːvɪŋli/ adv. 不以为然地;不赞成地;
agitation
/ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 焦虑不安;
palpable
/ˈpælpəb(ə)l/ adj. 易于察觉的;可意识到的;明显的;
stake
/steɪk/ n. 赌注;风险;
allocate to
拨…(给);划…(归);分配…(给);
Arizona
/ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ n. 亚利桑那州(美国州名);
Arkansas
/ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ n. 阿肯色州(美国州名);
Iowa
/ˈaɪor/ n. 爱荷华州(美国州名);
Utah
/ˈjuːˌtɑː/ n. 犹他州(美国州名);
Oklahoma
/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ n. 俄克拉荷马州(美国州名);
in the works
正在准备阶段;在进行中或准备中;
outlier
/ˈaʊtlaɪər/ n.(统计)异常值;
soar
/sɔːr/ vi. 急升;猛增;
affluent
/ˈæfluənt/ adj. 富裕的;
精听党文化拓展
1955年,芝加哥货币经济学派代表人物米尔顿·弗里德曼首次提出了教育券理论,其中心理念是政府不再把教育经费直接拨付给学校,而是根据一定的核算方式把教育经费发放到学生家长手中,由学生和家长自由选择就读学校,力求实现促进公立学校改革、扩大家长选择权力及保证教育公平等目的。
在弗里德曼之后,詹克斯对教育券这一制度做了新的完善,认为教育券应该帮助低收入家庭学生克服上学的困难,强调将教育机会均等作为实行教育券改革的政策目标。20世纪90年代,美国密尔沃基市率先将教育券制度运用到教育实践中,1990年美国开展了第一个家长择校计划——“密尔沃基家长择校计划”,其目的在于为相对贫困家庭的孩子提供进入私立学校学习的机会;1996年俄亥俄州的克里夫兰市也开始实施教育券计划,此计划同样主要面对低收入家庭的孩子;1999年佛罗里达州率先在全州范围内实施教育券计划。此计划与上述两个地区的实践有所不同,其发放是根据学校被评定的等级而定,因此更具有竞争性的色彩。至此,美国教育券制度逐步形成了以“一州两市”为主导的格局。
在美国的影响下。我国也在部分地区开展了教育券实验,例如浙江省长兴县于2001年开始进行教育券发放的试点工作。但是跟美国相比,我国教育券的实验的程序不够完善,解决问题出发点比较单一。
精听党每日美句
Life is real, life is earnest.
人生真实,人生诚挚。