文本选自:Scientific American(科学美国人)
作者:Dyani Lewis
原文标题:India Cuts Periodic Table and Evolution from School Textbooks
原文发布时间:3 Jun. 2023
India Cuts Periodic Table and Evolution from School Textbooks
In India, children under 16 returning to school this month at the start of the school year will no longer be taught about evolution, the periodic table of elements or sources of energy. The news that evolution would be cut from the curriculum for students aged 15–16 was widely reported last month, when thousands of people signed a petition in protest. But official guidance has revealed that a chapter on the periodic table will be cut, too, along with other foundational topics such as sources of energy and environmental sustainability.
Younger learners will no longer be taught certain pollution- and climate-related topics, and there are cuts to biology, chemistry, geography, mathematics and physics subjects for older school students. Overall, the changes affect some 134 million 11–18-year-olds in India's schools. The extent of what has changed became clearer last month when the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) — the public body that develops the Indian school curriculum and textbooks — released textbooks for the new academic year that started in May.
Researchers, including those who study science education, are shocked. "Anybody who's trying to teach biology without dealing with evolution is not teaching biology as we currently understand it." says Jonathan Osborne, a science-education researcher at Stanford University in California.
印度版“减负”:印度将元素周期表和进化论从学校教科书中删除
精听党背景导读
英国《金融时报》6月7日消息,印度已从部分教科书中删除进化论和元素周期表内容。印度国家教育研究与培训委员会(NCERT)在上月发布的一份“合理化内容清单”中确认了这些变化。印度政府称这一举措为仅限2023-24学年的过渡性方案,但教育工作者担心,此举可能威胁该国科学教育和科技行业发展。
超过4500名科学家和教师等群体已签署一份请愿书,称他们“不同意学校科学教育中这种危险的变化”,要求在中学教育中恢复达尔文进化论、将其纳入十年级教科书。印度对十年级课程教科书的其他修改还包括删去关于“民主和多样性”以及“对民主的挑战”的章节。
文本选自:Scientific American(科学美国人)作者:Dyani Lewis原文标题:India Cuts Periodic Table and Evolution from School Textbooks原文发布时间:3 Jun. 2023关键词:印度 教科书 删减
精听党带着问题听
1.“进化论”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解段二中的“certain”?3. 印度教科书的削减主要影响哪个年龄段的学生?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
India Cuts Periodic Table and Evolution from School Textbooks
印度版“减负”:印度将元素周期表和进化论从学校教科书中删除
periodic table 元素周期表;
evolution n. 进化,进化论;1. the evolution of the human species 人类的进化;2. evolution theory 进化论;
school textbooks 中小学教材;
段一
In India, children under 16 returning to school this month at the start of the school year will no longer be taught about evolution, the periodic table of elements or sources of energy. The news that evolution would be cut from the curriculum for students aged 15–16 was widely reported last month, when thousands of people signed a petition in protest. But official guidance has revealed that a chapter on the periodic table will be cut, too, along with other foundational topics such as sources of energy and environmental sustainability.
at the start of 在…开始时;1. Things didn't look too hopeful at the start of the year. 在年初,情况显得并不十分美妙。
school year 学年;
the periodic table of elements 元素周期表;
sources of energy 能源;
curriculum n. 课程;
petition n. 请愿书; 申诉书,申请书;1. file a petition 提交请愿书;
in protest 抗议;
reveal vt. 揭示,透露;表明,证明;展示,显示;
chapter n. 章,回,篇;
along with 连同;伴随;
foundational adj. 基础的;基本的;1. foundational concepts 基础概念;
environmental sustainability 环境可持续性;
参考译文
在印度,本月开学的16岁以下儿童将不再学习进化论、元素周期表或能源相关知识。进化论将从15-16岁学生的课程中删除的消息在上个月被广泛报道,当时数千人签署了请愿书以示抗议。但官方指南进一步显示,关于元素周期表的一章,连同能源和环境可持续等其它基础主题也将从教科书中删减。
段二
Younger learners will no longer be taught certain pollution- and climate-related topics, and there are cuts to biology, chemistry, geography, mathematics and physics subjects for older school students. Overall, the changes affect some 134 million 11–18-year-olds in India’s schools. The extent of what has changed became clearer last month when the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) — the public body that develops the Indian school curriculum and textbooks — released textbooks for the new academic year that started in May.
certain pron.(不提及细节时用)某事,某人,某种;1. For certain personal reasons I shall not be able to attend. 由于某种个人原因,我将不能出席。
pollution- and climate-related 与污染和气候有关的;
biology n. 生物学;
geography n. 地理,地理学;
physics n. 物理学;
extent n. 程度;范围;1. to some extent 在一定程度上;在某种程度上;2. the extent of 在…的范围内;到…的程度;
council n. 委员会,理事会;
National Council of Educational Research and Training 全国教育研究和培训委员会;
public body 公共机构;
academic year 学年;
参考译文
低年级学生将不再学习某些与污染和气候有关的主题,高年级学生的生物、化学、地理、数学和物理课程也将被削减。总的来说,这些变化影响了印度学校里约1.34亿11-18岁的学生。上个月,印度国家教育研究与培训委员会(印度学校课程和教科书的制定机构)公布了从5月开始的新学年的教科书,这使得变化的程度变得更加清晰。
段三
Researchers, including those who study science education, are shocked. “Anybody who’s trying to teach biology without dealing with evolution is not teaching biology as we currently understand it.” says Jonathan Osborne, a science-education researcher at Stanford University in California.
science education 科学教育;
deal with 处理;对待;
参考译文
研究人员,包括那些研究科学教育的人,都感到震惊。加州斯坦福大学的科学教育研究员乔纳森·奥斯本说:“任何试图在不涉及进化论的情况下教授生物学的人都不是在教授我们目前所理解的生物学。”
精听党每日单词
periodic table
元素周期表;
evolution
/ˌevəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ n. 进化,进化论;
school textbooks
中小学教材;
at the start of
在…开始时;
school year
学年;
the periodic table of elements
元素周期表;
sources of energy
能源;
curriculum
/kəˈrɪkjələm/ n. 课程;
petition
/pəˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 请愿书; 申诉书,申请书;
in protest
抗议;
reveal
/rɪˈviːl/ vt. 揭示,透露;表明,证明;展示,显示;
chapter
/ˈtʃæptər/ n. 章,回,篇;
along with
连同;伴随;
foundational
/faʊnˈdeɪʃənəl/ adj. 基础的;基本的;
environmental sustainability
环境可持续性;
certain
/ˈsɜːrt(ə)n/ pron.(不提及细节时用)某事,某人,某种;
pollution- and climate-related
与污染和气候有关的;
biology
/baɪˈɑːlədʒi/ n. 生物学;
geography
/dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/ n. 地理,地理学;
physics
/ˈfɪzɪks/ n. 物理学;
extent
/ɪkˈstent/ n. 程度;范围;
council
/ˈkaʊns(ə)l/ n. 委员会,理事会;
National Council of Educational Research and Training
全国教育研究和培训委员会;
public body
公共机构;
academic year
学年;
science education
科学教育;
deal with
处理;对待;
精听党文化拓展
据《科学》报道,贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁高等科学研究中心的进化生物学家Amitabh Joshi说,删除这些内容“歪曲了全面中等教育的概念”。其他研究人员担心,这标志着印度官员越来越青睐伪科学。
突破科学协会在一份声明中表示:“看到生物进化理论被删除,我国科学界感到非常沮丧。如果不能接触到这一基础的科学发现,学生的思维过程将受到严重阻碍。”
Joshi说,一个主要的担忧是,如果将进化论从九年级和十年级的课程中删除,大多数印度学生将无法接触到进化论的概念,因为他们在以后的年级不会继续学习生物学。“进化论可能是生物学中最重要的部分,所有受过教育的公民都应该了解。”
Homi Bhabha科学教育中心的天文学家Aniket Sule认为,尽管抗议声越来越大,但NCERT“突然承认错误并重新考虑这个决定”的希望“不大”。生物学家Satyajit Rath对此也持悲观态度。“(抗议活动)会有什么影响吗?鉴于印度政府最近的决策轨迹,可能不会有影响,至少短期内不会。我们需要持续不断地努力,才能对长期结果产生影响。”
然而,Joshi希望抗议的压力会促使其他政府官员介入。他说,包括印度科学院在内的其他组织已经向政府高级官员表达了担忧。
NCERT官员拒绝回答有关将进化论永久删除的问题。NCERT此举正值一些人认为伪科学在印度的影响力越来越大之际。与保守的印度教组织有联系的研究人员和政治家对进化论表示怀疑,并宣扬古印度人建造宇宙飞船和进行干细胞研究等未经证实的说法。
精听党每日美句
Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value.
不要为成功而努力,要为做一个有价值的人而努力。