文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:California’s reparations scheme is bad policy and worse politics
原文发布时间:11 Jun. 2023
California's reparations scheme is bad policy and worse politics
Since at least 1865, when Congress voted to set up the Freedmen's Bureau, Americans have debated how and whether to compensate former slaves. In 2020, when Donald Trump had reawoken the left and George Floyd, an unarmed African-American man, was murdered by a policeman, the idea of reparations—paying money to the descendants of slaves—became almost mainstream. Some Democratic politicians, under pressure from activists and eager to be on the right side of history, agreed to set up commissions to study the idea. A few years later, those commissions are coming back with recommendations.
Cash reparations for slavery are not popular. Only 30% of Americans support the policy. Most of those alive today played no role in Jim Crow; none can reasonably be blamed for slavery. Nor are black Americans the only disadvantaged group: try telling an unemployed Appalachian coalminer why finite tax dollars should go on reparations rather than, say, better schools or public health. Still, unpopular policies are sometimes right. Are cash reparations for African-Americans one such case?
Not long after slavery ended, the Freedmen's Bureau collapsed. Few freedmen received compensation and many ended up working as sharecroppers for their former masters in something close to indentured servitude. Emancipation was followed by the creation of a two-tier version of citizenship that lasted for a century. Until the 1960s, many black Americans lived in fear of terrorism, were shut out of many neighbourhoods and could not vote.
黑人补偿计划,究竟是否是好的政策呢?
精听党背景导读
每一个加州黑人,只要能证明他的祖上在美国曾经是奴隶。那么他和他的家人,就能每人得到22.32万美元。这在加州被称为“特别赔偿”的计划,始于2020年的“弗洛伊德枉死之乱”之后。
“弗洛伊德枉死之乱”是美国“黑命贵(Black Lives Matter)”通过被警察“跪杀”的弗洛伊德而引起的全美舆论震愤,从而发起波及全美的大规模打砸抢烧“零元购”骚乱活动。
这一事件之后,美国左翼种族议程在全美形成浪潮,而加州也在州长加文·纽瑟姆(Gavin Newsom) 的推动下,加州参议院通过了《非裔美国人赔偿法案》(African American Reparation Bill)法案,成功发起了“特别赔偿计划”。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:California’s reparations scheme is bad policy and worse politics原文发布时间:11 Jun. 2023关键词:赔偿 黑人 政治
精听党带着问题听
1.“战争赔款”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解段二中的“say”?3. 自由民局是什么时候被解散的?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
California’s reparations scheme is bad policy and worse politics
加州的赔偿计划是糟糕的政策和更糟糕的政治
reparation n. 赔偿;修理;赔款;1. war reparation 战争赔款;
scheme n.(政府或其他组织的)计划,方案;1. color scheme 配色方案;2. design scheme 设计方案;3. Dopamine Dressing 多巴胺穿搭;
politics n. 政治,政治活动(事务);
段一
Since at least 1865, when Congress voted to set up the Freedmen’s Bureau, Americans have debated how and whether to compensate former slaves. In 2020, when Donald Trump had reawoken the left and George Floyd, an unarmed African-American man, was murdered by a policeman, the idea of reparations—paying money to the descendants of slaves—became almost mainstream. Some Democratic politicians, under pressure from activists and eager to be on the right side of history, agreed to set up commissions to study the idea. A few years later, those commissions are coming back with recommendations.
Congress n. 国会,议会;
vote to 投票决定;
set up 建立,成立;
Freedmen’s Bureau 自由民局;
compensate vt. 赔偿,偿付;弥补;1. removal compensate 拆迁费;
slave n. 奴隶;
reawaken vt. 重新唤起;
unarmed adj. 没有武装的;无武器的;
African-American n. 非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人);
descendant n. 后代,晚辈;
mainstream n. 主流;1. mainstream culture 主流文化;
Democratic adj. 民主政体的;(美国)民主党的;
eager to do sth. 渴望做某事;
be on the right side of history 站在历史正确的一边;
commission n. 考察团,委员会;
recommendation n. 正式建议,提议;
参考译文
1865年,国会投票成立自由民局,在此之后,美国人就一直在讨论如何以及是否要赔偿昔日的奴隶。2020年,当唐纳德·特朗普唤醒了左翼,手无寸铁的非洲裔美国人乔治·弗洛伊德被一名警察杀害时,向奴隶的后代支付赔偿金想法几乎成为主流。一些民主党政客迫于活动人士的压力,急于站在历史的正确一边,同意成立委员会来研究这一想法。几年后,这些委员会又带着建议回来了。
段二
Cash reparations for slavery are not popular. Only 30% of Americans support the policy. Most of those alive today played no role in Jim Crow; none can reasonably be blamed for slavery. Nor are black Americans the only disadvantaged group: try telling an unemployed Appalachian coalminer why finite tax dollars should go on reparations rather than, say, better schools or public health. Still, unpopular policies are sometimes right. Are cash reparations for African-Americans one such case?
cash reparations 现金赔偿;
play no role in 没有扮演任何角色,没有起作用;1. play a role in 在…起作用;
reasonably adv. 合乎逻辑地,合情合理地;
be blamed for 因…受到责备;
nor adv. 也不;
disadvantaged group 弱势群体;
unemployed adj. 未被雇用的,失业的;
Appalachian adj. 阿帕拉契山脉的;
coalminer n. 煤矿工人;
finite adj. 有限的;限定的;
say vt. 假设,比如说;
参考译文
对奴隶制的现金赔偿并不受欢迎。只有30%的美国人支持这项政策。今天活着的大多数人都没有参与种族隔离;任何人都不能因奴隶制而受到合理的指责。美国黑人也不是唯一的弱势群体:试着告诉一个失业的阿巴拉契亚煤矿工人,为什么有限的税收应该用于赔偿,而不是诸如用于改善学校或公共卫生之类的事。不过,不受欢迎的政策有时也是正确的。对非裔美国人的现金赔偿就是这样的一个案例吗?
段三
Not long after slavery ended, the Freedmen’s Bureau collapsed. Few freedmen received compensation and many ended up working as sharecroppers for their former masters in something close to indentured servitude. Emancipation was followed by the creation of a two-tier version of citizenship that lasted for a century. Until the 1960s, many black Americans lived in fear of terrorism, were shut out of many neighbourhoods and could not vote.
collapse vi.(系统或制度等)崩溃;瓦解;
end up 结束;
sharecropper n.(美)收益分成的佃农;
indentured servitude 契约奴役;
emancipation n. 解放;
two-tier adj. 双重的;
citizenship n. 公民资格,公民身份;
terrorism n. 恐怖主义;
shut out of 被排除在外;
参考译文
奴隶制结束后不久,自由民局就垮台了。很少有自由人得到补偿,许多人最终成为他们前主人的佃农,类似于契约奴役。解放之后,双层公民身份的建立持续了一个世纪。直到20世纪60年代,许多美国黑人生活在对恐怖主义的恐惧中,被许多社区拒之门外,也不能投票。
精听党每日单词
reparation
/ˌrepəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 赔偿;修理;赔款;
scheme
/skiːm/ n.(政府或其他组织的)计划,方案;
politics
/ˈpɑːlətɪks/ n. 政治,政治活动(事务);
Congress
/ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/ n. 国会,议会;
vote to
投票决定;
set up
建立,成立;
Freedmen’s Bureau
自由民局;
compensate
/ˈkɑːmpenseɪt/ vt. 赔偿,偿付;弥补;
slave
/sleɪv/ n. 奴隶;
reawaken
/ˌriːəˈweɪkən/ vt. 重新唤起;
unarmed
/ˌʌnˈɑːrmd/ adj. 没有武装的;无武器的;
African-American
/'æfrikən ə'merikən/ n. 非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人);
descendant
/dɪˈsendənt/ n. 后代,晚辈;
mainstream
/ˈmeɪnstriːm/ n. 主流;
Democratic
/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ adj. 民主政体的;(美国)民主党的;
eager to do sth.
渴望做某事;
be on the right side of history
站在历史正确的一边;
commission
/kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 考察团,委员会;
recommendation
/ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 正式建议,提议;
cash reparations
现金赔偿;
play no role in
没有扮演任何角色,没有起作用;
reasonably
/ˈriːz(ə)nəbli/ adv. 合乎逻辑地,合情合理地;
be blamed for
因…受到责备;
nor
/nɔːr/ adv. 也不;
disadvantaged group
弱势群体;
unemployed
/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ adj. 未被雇用的,失业的;
Appalachian
/ˌæpəˈleɪtʃɪən/ adj. 阿帕拉契山脉的;
coalminer
/'kəulmainə/ n. 煤矿工人;
finite
/ˈfaɪnaɪt/ adj. 有限的;限定的;
say
/seɪ/ vt. 假设,比如说;
collapse
/kəˈlæps/ vi.(系统或制度等)崩溃;瓦解;
end up
结束;
sharecropper
/ˈʃerkrɑːpər/ n.(美)收益分成的佃农;
indentured servitude
契约奴役;
emancipation
/ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 解放;
two-tier
/'tu:'tiə/ adj. 双重的;
citizenship
/ˈsɪtɪsənʃɪp/ n. 公民资格,公民身份;
terrorism
/ˈterərɪzəm/ n. 恐怖主义;
shut out of
被排除在外;
精听党文化拓展
旧金山将向每个合格的黑人成年人支付500万美元,消除个人债务和税收负担。并且他们坦率地说,500万美元这个数字本身其实很低。
这些只是由市政府任命的一个赔偿委员会提出的建议中的一部分,该委员会的任务是解决一个棘手的问题:如何才能弥补美国几个世纪的奴隶制和几代人的系统性种族主义,这些种族主义继续使美国黑人在健康、教育和经济繁荣方面处于最底层。
一些监管人员说,旧金山目前无法支付任何大笔赔款,因为该市在今年的金融危机中出现了严重赤字。科技行业的低迷,但他们仍然希望讨论这些建议,并考虑未来的解决方案。董事会可以投票改变、采纳或拒绝任何或全部建议。
但赔偿委员会成员认为,他们的结果准确地估计了开始修复奴隶制和歧视造成的持久损害所需的费用,他们对自己应该想办法支付赔偿金的想法感到愤怒。
少于5万黑人仍然住在旧金山,目前还不清楚有多少人符合条件。可能的标准包括在某段时间内在这座城市生活过,并且是“因失败的禁毒战争而被监禁”的人的后裔。
黑人居民一度占旧金山总人口的13%以上,但50多年后,他们只占该市居民的不到6%,占无家可归人口的38%。菲尔莫尔区曾经因黑人拥有的夜总会和商店而繁荣,直到20世纪60年代政府重建迫使居民离开。
在旧金山的建议草案中,一个人必须年满18岁,在公开文件中被认定为“黑人/非洲裔美国人”至少10年。符合条件的人还必须满足其他八个标准中的两个,尽管名单可能会改变。
精听党每日美句
A person both calculated plan, if not promptly carry out, will come to regret.
一个人既有成算,若不迅速进行,必至后悔莫及。