每日英语听力外刊精读20230617:美联储保持利率稳定,暂停加息行动


文本选自:CNN(美国有线电视新闻网)
作者:Bryan Mena
原文标题:The Fed holds rates steady, pausing its rate-hiking campaign
原文发布时间:14 Jun. 2023
The Fed holds rates steady, pausing its rate-hiking campaign
The Federal Reserve said Wednesday it would pause its historic rate-hiking campaign as it waits for the effects to trickle further through the economy, but signaled that additional rate hikes are likely this year. The vote to skip a rate increase this meeting was unanimous. Since March 2022, Fed officials have raised the central bank's benchmark interest rate 10 times in a row in an attempt to cool the US economy and battle inflation that is still double the Fed's target.
The Fed's post-meeting statement confirmed that officials deem the pause a prudent move, but most officials think additional hikes are necessary this year, according to the Fed's latest Summary of Economic Projections. "Looking ahead, nearly all Committee participants view it as likely that some further rate increases will be appropriate this year to bring inflation down 2% over time, " Fed Chair Jerome Powell said in his post-meeting news conference.
Most officials estimate the federal funds rate will top out at a range of 5.63-5.87% in 2023, suggesting there might be as many as two more quarter-point hikes this year. Rate increases larger than a quarter point are not likely since the Fed is inching closer to its inflation goal and officials thought it made "obvious sense to moderate our rate hikes as we got closer to our destination, " Powell said.
美联储保持利率稳定,暂停加息行动

精听党背景导读
连续升息十次的美联储在6月终于维持利率不变,以便留出更多时间评估货币政策对经济的影响。相比上调的点阵图,利率声明的措辞变化更为微妙,但仍可以读出美联储对收紧货币政策的倾向变得更为坚定。
最新利率决议得到所有委员一致赞成。鲍威尔在记者会透露,几乎所有委员都认为年内进一步加息是合适之举。
文本选自:CNN(美国有线电视新闻网)作者:Bryan Mena原文标题:The Fed holds rates steady, pausing its rate-hiking campaign原文发布时间:14 Jun. 2023关键词:美联储 加息 经济

精听党带着问题听
1.“物价上涨”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解段二中的“projection”?3. 自2022年3月以来,美联储官员已连续几次上调央行基准利率?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
The Fed holds rates steady, pausing its rate-hiking campaign
美联储保持利率稳定,暂停加息行动
hold vt. 使保持(在某位置);
pause vt. 暂停,停顿;1. "It's rather embarrassing," he began, and paused. “这很让人尴尬,” 他开始说道,又停顿了片刻。
rate-hiking campaign 加息运动;
段一
The Federal Reserve said Wednesday it would pause its historic rate-hiking campaign as it waits for the effects to trickle further through the economy, but signaled that additional rate hikes are likely this year. The vote to skip a rate increase this meeting was unanimous. Since March 2022, Fed officials have raised the central bank’s benchmark interest rate 10 times in a row in an attempt to cool the US economy and battle inflation that is still double the Fed’s target.
trickle vi. 滴,淌;(小批地)慢慢移动;(球)缓慢滚动;1. A tear trickled down the old man's cheek. 一滴眼泪顺着老人的脸颊流下来。
signal vt. 发信号,示意;标志,预示;告知,表示;1. He seemed to be signalling important shifts in U.S. government policy. 他似乎在表示美国政府的政策将会有些重大变化。
hike n.(价格、花费等的)大幅度提高,猛增;1. price hikes 物价上涨;2. a sudden 1.75 percent hike in interest rates 利率突涨1.75%;
skip vt. 跳过,略过;1. It is important not to skip meals. 不能不吃饭是非常重要的。
unanimous adj.(投票、决定、协议等)全体同意的,无异议的;(所有人)一致同意的,意见一致的;1. unanimous approval 一致同意;2. unanimous resolution 一致决定;
raise vt. 增加,提高(数量、水平等);1. The Federal Reserve Board is expected to raise interest rates. 预计联邦储备委员会将提高利率。
benchmark n. 基准;(测量高度的)水准点,基准点;1. The truck industry is a benchmark for the economy. 卡车产业是衡量经济发展的基准。
in a row 连续;1. This is her third win in a row. 这是她连续第三次获胜。
battle inflation 对抗通货膨胀;
target n. 目标,指标;1. target market 目标消费群;
参考译文
美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve,简称:美联储)周三表示,将暂停其历史性的加息行动,等待其影响进一步渗透到经济中,但美联储暗示今年可能会进一步加息。在本次会议上,跳过加息的投票是一致的。自2022年3月以来,美联储官员已连续10次上调央行基准利率,试图为美国经济降温,并对抗仍是美联储目标两倍的通胀。
段二
The Fed’s post-meeting statement confirmed that officials deem the pause a prudent move, but most officials think additional hikes are necessary this year, according to the Fed’s latest Summary of Economic Projections. “Looking ahead, nearly all Committee participants view it as likely that some further rate increases will be appropriate this year to bring inflation down 2% over time,” Fed Chair Jerome Powell said in his post-meeting news conference.
post-meeting adj. 会后的;1. postgraduate n. <英>研究生;<美>博士;
statement n. 声明,报告;说明,说法,表态;1. personal statement 个人陈述;
deem vt. 认为,相信;
prudent adj. 谨慎的,慎重的;节俭的;1. courageous and prudent 有勇有谋;2. It is clearly prudent to take all precautions. 采取一切防范措施显然是慎重的。
summary n. 总结,概要;1. What follows is a brief summary of the process. 以下是该过程的简要总结。
projection n. 估算,预测;
appropriate adj. 合适的,相称的;1. more appropriate 更合适的;更合理的;2. Dress neatly and attractively in an outfit appropriate to the job. 穿适合于这份工作的整洁美观的套装。
news conference 新闻发布会;
参考译文
美联储的会后声明证实,官员们认为暂停加息是谨慎之举,但根据美联储最新的经济预测摘要,大多数官员认为今年有必要进一步加息。美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome Powell)在会后的新闻发布会上表示:“展望未来,几乎所有委员会成员都认为,今年进一步加息可能是合适的,随着时间的推移,通胀率将下降2%。”
段三
Most officials estimate the federal funds rate will top out at a range of 5.63-5.87% in 2023, suggesting there might be as many as two more quarter-point hikes this year. Rate increases larger than a quarter point are not likely since the Fed is inching closer to its inflation goal and officials thought it made “obvious sense to moderate our rate hikes as we got closer to our destination,” Powell said.
estimate vt. 估计;判断,评价;1. overestimate v. 过高估计(能力、影响或价值);过高估计(规格、数量、数字等);2. underestimate v. 低估,对…估计不足;轻视,小看(某人);
Don't underestimate the heart of a champion. 不要低估一颗冠军的心。
top out 达到最高点;
suggest vt. 提议,建议;推荐,举荐;显示,表明;
as many as 多达;和…一样多;1. as many as possible 尽可能多;
quarter-point n. 四分之一点;0.25;
inch vi.(数量)逐渐增加(或减少);
sense n.(对某物的)感觉;道理,合理性;1. make sense 讲得通,有道理;
moderate vt. 缓和,使适中;
destination n. 目的地,终点,目标;
参考译文
大多数官员估计,联邦基金利率将在2023年达到5.63-5.87%的最高区间,这意味着今年可能还会有多达两次25个基点的加息。鲍威尔表示,加息幅度不太可能超过25个基点,因为美联储正在慢慢接近其通胀目标,官员们认为“随着我们接近目标,放缓加息显然是有道理的”。
精听党每日单词
hold
/hoʊld/ vt. 使保持(在某位置);
pause
/pɔːz/ vt. 暂停,停顿;
rate-hiking campaign
 加息运动;
trickle
/ˈtrɪkl/ vi. 滴,淌;(小批地)慢慢移动;(球)缓慢滚动;
signal
/ˈsɪɡnəl/ vt. 发信号,示意;标志,预示;告知,表示;
hike
/haɪk/ n.(价格、花费等的)大幅度提高,猛增;
skip
/skɪp/ vt. 跳过,略过;
unanimous
/juˈnænɪməs/ adj.(投票、决定、协议等)全体同意的,无异议的;(所有人)一致同意的,意见一致的;
raise
/reɪz/ vt. 增加,提高(数量、水平等);
benchmark
/ˈbentʃmɑːrk/ n. 基准;(测量高度的)水准点,基准点;
in a row
 连续;
battle inflation
 对抗通货膨胀;
target
/ˈtɑːrɡɪt/ n. 目标,指标;
post-meeting
/poʊst-ˈmiːtɪŋ/ adj. 会后的;
statement
/ˈsteɪtmənt/ n. 声明,报告;说明,说法,表态;
deem
/diːm/ vt. 认为,相信;
prudent
/ˈpruːd(ə)nt/ adj. 谨慎的,慎重的;节俭的;
summary
/ˈsʌməri/ n. 总结,概要;
projection
/prəˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n. 估算,预测;
appropriate
/əˈproʊpriət/ adj. 合适的,相称的;
news conference
 新闻发布会;
estimate
/ˈestɪmət/ vt. 估计;判断,评价;
top out
 达到最高点;
suggest
/səˈdʒest/ vt. 提议,建议;推荐,举荐;显示,表明;
as many as
 多达;和…一样多;
quarter-point
/ˈkwɔːrtər pɔɪnt/ n. 四分之一点;0.25;
inch
/ɪntʃ/ vi.(数量)逐渐增加(或减少);
sense
/sens/ n.(对某物的)感觉;道理,合理性;
moderate
/ˈmɑːdərət/ vt. 缓和,使适中;
destination
/ˌdestɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 目的地,终点,目标;
精听党文化拓展
鲍威尔在新闻发布会上表示,高通胀给人们带来了困难,美联储依然坚决致力于2%的通胀目标。他说,通胀已经有所缓和,但通胀压力持续高企,美联储仍然认为通胀上行风险依然存在,将通胀率恢复到2%还有很长的路要走。
政策效果滞后时间的长短具有很大不确定性,现在评估信贷紧缩的全部影响为时过早。如果我们看到信贷紧缩的影响变得更严重,我们将把它考虑到利率决策中。关于美联储最关注的服务业通胀,鲍威尔表示,美联储只看到了服务业通胀回落的“早期迹象”。
鲍威尔承认,过去两年美联储有关通胀下降的预测一直是错误的。他认为,2021年,通胀走高是因为对商品的强劲需求,而在2022年和今年,降低工资增速对降低通胀很重要。
高盛资产管理的全球固定收益联席主管Whitney Watson认为,此次暂停加息的决策和最近的劳动力市场以及通胀的数据一致。考虑到经济的持续韧性,美联储即使可能未来再加息两次,也不足为奇。
Watson在报告中写道,事实证明美国经济有韧性,银行业压力带来的下行风险消减,债务上限的不确定性已成过去式,因此,对于美联储暗示可能需要进一步收紧货币、以及将利率峰值预期从5.1%上调到5.6%,我们并不意外。
Doubleline Capital创始人、有新“债券之王”之称的Jeffrey Gundlach认为,美联储的言辞的确偏鹰派,但行动并非如此。上一次5月是鸽派加息,这次6月是鹰派暂停加息,下面得看7月怎样。他提醒大家,美联储有预测利率路径不准的“黑历史”。
Gundlach说,他不理解美联储为什么认为美国经济强劲,因为一些实体经济经济的指标表现都很差,很多指标处于衰退区间。他觉得美联储错了。他预计美联储不会继续再加息。
精听党每日美句
Don't be discouraged; it's often the last key in the bunch that opens the lock.
别灰心,往往是最后一把钥匙才能打开锁。
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