今日单词 |
surplus 英 [ˈsɜːpləs] 美 [ˈsɜːrplʌs] |
adj. 过剩的; 多余的; n. 剩余额; 公积金; 顺差; 盈余; 词根：sur超过,在……上面+plus多余;加→多出很多 |
词根 |
sur- 表示 “超过，在上面 ” |
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形近词
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surveillance 英 [sɜːˈveɪləns] 美 [sɜːrˈveɪləns] |
n. 盯梢，监督; [法]管制，监视; 词根：sur超过,在……上面+veil面纱+lance→在面纱上看[隔了一层纱]看→临视 |
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surcharge 英 [ˈsɜ:tʃɑ:dʒ] 美 [ˈsɜrtʃɑrdʒ] |
vt. 追加罚款; 使…装载过多; 使…负担过重; n. 附加费，额外费用; 超载; [法]过高收费行为; 加盖过的邮票（或印花税票）; 词根：sur超过,在……上面+charge费用→额外的收费→附加费 |
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surmount 英 [səˈmaʊnt] 美 [sərˈmaʊnt] |
vt. 战胜，克服; 登上，攀登; 居于…之上; 顶上覆盖着; 词根：sur超过,在……上面+mount山→在山上→登上 |
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surpass 英 [səˈpɑːs] 美 [sərˈpæs]
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vt. 超过; 优于; 胜过; 非…所能办到; 词根：sur超过,在……上面+pass通过→在上面通过→超越 |
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surplus
英[ˈsɜːpləs] 美[ˈsɜːrplʌs]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研| IELTS | TOEFL | GRE
adj. 过剩的;多余的;
n. 剩余额;公积金;顺差;盈余;
词根：sur超过,在……上面+plus多余;加→多出很多
①(N-VAR) 过剩;剩余;过剩量;剩余额
If there is a surplus of something, there is more than is needed.
●Germany suffers from a surplus of teachers.
德国遭遇了教师过剩的问题。
②(ADJ) 过剩的;剩余的;多余的
Surplus is used to describe something that is extra or that is more than is needed.
●Few people have large sums of surplus cash...
几乎没人手头很富裕。
●I sell my surplus birds to a local pet shop...
我把多余的鸟卖给当地的宠物商店。
③(N-COUNT) (贸易)顺差
If a country has a trade surplus, it exports more than it imports.
●Japan's annual trade surplus is in the region of 100 billion dollars.
日本每年的贸易顺差额在1,000 亿美元左右。
形近词：
1、surveillance
英[sɜːˈveɪləns] 美[sɜːrˈveɪləns]
CET6 | GRE
n. 盯梢，监督;[法]管制，监视;
词根：sur超过,在……上面+veil面纱+lance→在面纱上看[隔了一层纱]看→临视
①(N-UNCOUNT) (尤指来自警方、军队等组织的)监视，监察
Surveillance is the careful watching of someone, especially by an organizationsuch as the police or the army.
●He was arrested after being kept under constant surveillance...
在被连续监视了一段时间后，他被逮捕了。
●Police swooped on the home after a two-week surveillance operation...
在两周的监视行动之后，警方突击搜查了那栋房子。
2、surcharge
英 [ˈsɜ:tʃɑ:dʒ] 美 [ˈsɜrtʃɑrdʒ]
IELTS | TOEFL | GRE
vt. 追加罚款; 使…装载过多; 使…负担过重; 索高价;
n. 附加费，额外费用; 超载; [法]过高收费行为; 加盖过的邮票（或印花税票）;
词根：sur超过,在……上面+charge费用→额外的收费→附加费
① (N-COUNT) 额外费用;附加费;增收费 A surcharge is anextra payment of money in addition to the usual payment for something. It isadded for a specific reason, for example by a company because costs have risenor by a government as a tax.
● The governmentintroduced a 15% surcharge on imports...
政府对进口产品加收 15 %的附加费。
● The prices ofoverseas holidays are subject to surcharges.
海外度假游的价格受各种附加费的影响。
3、surmount
英 [səˈmaʊnt] 美 [sərˈmaʊnt]
IELTS | TOEFL | GRE
vt. 战胜，克服; 登上，攀登; 居于…之上; 顶上覆盖着;
词根：sur超过,在……上面+mount山→在山上→登上
① (VERB) 克服;解决
If you surmount aproblem or difficulty, you deal successfully with it.
● I realized I had tosurmount the language barrier.
我意识到我不得不克服语言障碍。
② (VERB) 处于…上面;置于…顶端
If something is surmounted by a particular thing, that thing is on top of it.
● The island is surmounted by a huge black castle.
岛的最高处耸立着一座巨大的黑色城堡。
4、surpass
英 [səˈpɑːs] 美 [sərˈpæs]
CET6 | 考研 | IELTS | TOEFL | GRE
vt. 超过; 优于; 胜过; 非…所能办到;
词根：sur超过,在……上面+pass通过→在上面通过→超越
① (VERB) 超过;胜过;优于
If one person or thing surpasses another, the first is better than, or has more of a particular quality than,the second.
● He was determined to surpass theachievements of his older brothers...
他决心超越几个哥哥的成就。
● Warwick Arts Centre is the second largestArts Centre in Britain, surpassed in size only by London's Barbican.
沃里克艺术中心是英国第二大艺术中心，规模仅次于伦敦的巴比肯。
② (VERB) 远远超出(预期)
If something surpasses expectations, it is much better than it was expected to be.
● Conrad Black gave an excellent party thatsurpassed expectations.
康拉德·布莱克举办了一次远超人们预期的精彩聚会。
③ (VERB) 超出(理解范围)
If something surpasses understanding, it is too difficult to understand.
● ...a clever and spectacularly successful system, the detailed complexity of which surpasses our full understanding.
一个设计巧妙且极其成功的系统，其复杂的细节非我辈所能完全理解