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Understand，Comprehend，Appreciate
理解。
🚩Understand表示“充分或者彻底了解，有时带有同情、理解的意味；强调的是思维过程的结果，即清楚了一个观点，明白了一个概念，了解了一个事情”，柯林斯解释为If you understand someone or understand what they are saying, you know what they mean.，即“理解，明白，听懂了别人的意思”。
如：
Rusty nodded as though she understood the old woman.拉斯蒂点点头，好像听懂了那位老妇人的话似的。
I don't understand what you are talking about...我不明白你在说什么。
understand在柯林斯中还解释为If you understand a language, you know what someone is saying when they are speaking that language.，即“懂某种语言”。
如：
I couldn't read or understand a word of Yiddish, so I asked him to translate.我根本不懂意第绪语，所以请他来翻译。
或者还解释为To understand someone means to know how they feel and why they behave in the way that they，即“理解别人的感受”。
如：
Trish had not exactly understood his feelings.特里希并没有完全理解他的感受。
She understands why I get tired and grumpy.她理解我为什么累、为什么爱发火。
understand还有这层含义：You say that you understand something when you know why or how it happens.，即“知道，明白，了解所发生的事情及其原因”。
如：
They are too young to understand what is going on.他们还太小，不明白发生了什么事。
She didn't understand why the TV was kept out of reach of the patients.她不明白为什么病人不能看电视。
🚩comprehend意思基本与understand相同，但是comprehend强调“思维过程本身，即对复杂难懂的事物具体充分的思维和理解过程”。它的用法比较正式。柯林斯解释为If you cannot comprehend something, you cannot understand it.，表明comprehend常常前面接否定词或者表示否定意义的词，它常常后面跟表示事物的名词短语或wh-从句；牛津词典也有类似的解释和例句，
如：
failing to comprehend the full seriousness of the situation 未能充分理解形势的严重性
I cannot comprehend how you could have been so stupid. 我真不明白你怎么那么蠢。
🚩appreciate除了表示“欣赏，赏识”的意思之外，它还表示“领会，了解，认识，强调对重要性、危险、问题、困难等充分认清，又是隐含敏感的意味”，柯林斯解释为If you appreciate a situation or problem, you understand it and know what it involves.。
如：
She never really appreciated the depth and bitterness of the Irish conflict.她从来没有真正认识到爱尔兰矛盾的深刻和激烈。
He appreciates that co-operation with the media is part of his professional duties.他懂得与媒体合作是自己工作职责的一部分。
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