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01
2008年第4篇第5句
考研阅读逐句翻译
They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.
词汇：
spur //v. 鼓励，激励
结构：
They have been
spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998（主句）, //which almost certainly proved（which定语从句） //Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave
Sally Hemings（动词prove的宾语从句）.
译文：
1998年获得的DNA证据从某种程度上刺激了这些历史学家，证据几乎可以确认托马斯·杰斐逊曾与其奴隶萨利·海明斯有过至少一个孩子。
翻译思路：
主句They have been spurred in part by
DNA evidence made available in 1998，其中有被动态，还有一个in part做状语，还有DNA evidence后面的过去分词短语作定语。有点不好说通顺。
in part直译是“部分”，它还有点类似于partly，或者to some degree。为了好翻译通顺，我用了“某种层度上”来翻译。其他的，好翻译一点了，被动态，我主语宾语颠倒翻译了，正好后面说证据。
02
2008年第4篇第6句
考研阅读逐句翻译
And only over the past 30 years
have scholars examined history from the bottom up.
词汇：
bottom-up //adj. 自下而上的
结构：
And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up（only开头，句子做了部分倒装，have提前了）.
译文：
只是在最近30年来，学者才开始自下而上的研究历史。
【作业】：
唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2008年第4篇第7句
Works of several historians
reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile
nature of the country’s infancy.
唐静 考研阅读逐句翻译2008年第4篇第8句
More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.
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