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Rational，Logical，Reasoned，Reasonable，Coherent
🚩rational主要是指“理智的，理性的，而非情绪化的”，柯林斯的两个义项都与“理智”相关：Rational decisions and thoughts are based on reason rather than on emotion.；A rational person is someone who is sensible and is able to make decisions based on intelligent thinking rather than on emotion.。
如：
It's impossible to have a rational conversation with him.要理性地跟他交谈不太可能。
I'm sure there's a rational explanation for all this.我肯定，这一切会都有一个合理的解释。
Man is a rational being. 人是有理性的生物。
🚩logical是指“符合逻辑的，论证或推理方法正确的”，柯林斯解释为In a logical argument or method of reasoning, each step must be true if the step before it is true.。它还可以指“结论或者结果是逻辑上必然的，顺理成章的”，柯林斯解释为The logical conclusion or result of a series of facts or events is the only one which can come from it, according to the rules of logic.。
如：
Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted.只有每一逻辑步骤都被其他数学家验证之后，证明才能成立。
If the climate gets drier, then the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur... 如果气候变得更干燥，必然会出现更多旱情。
This is the logical result of a long evolution in which we moved from working by the sweat of our brow and by muscle to industrial work and finally to knowledge work. 这是长期进化的必然结果；在这一过程中，我们首先从事汗流浃背的体力劳动，然后是工业劳动，最后发展到脑力劳动。
🚩reasoned只用于名词前，是指“论点或者观点合乎逻辑的，缜密的，深思熟虑的，理性的”。柯林斯解释为A reasoned discussion or argument is based on sensible reasons, rather than on an appeal to people's emotions.。
如：
a reasoned approach to the problem 处理该问题的合理的方法
She put a (well-) reasoned case for increasing the fees. 对于提高费用，她提出了（非常）充分的理由。
Abortion is an issue which produces little reasoned argument.对堕胎这个问题很少有理智的看法。
🚩reasonable主要的内涵是“公平的，讲道理的”。柯林斯的解释义项很多，归结为两个词fair and sensible，朗文词典正是用了这两个词解释了。他可以“指人：公平的，明智的，通情达理的”；可以“指决定、行动、期望、情感或者见解：公平的，合理的，正确”；可以“指价格：公道的，可以接受的”。
如：
No reasonable person could refuse. 凡是明事理的人都不会拒绝此事。
She's perfectly reasonable in her demands. 她的要求完全合情合理。
a reasonable suspicion, fear, belief 不无道理的怀疑、恐惧、信念
a reasonable attitude, conclusion 合乎情理的态度、结论
It's not reasonable to expect a child to understand sarcasm. 希望孩子明白讽刺的意义，未免脱离实际。
a reasonable fee, offer, claim 公平合理的费用、出价、要求
🚩coherent是“指思想、体系、解释、看法、推理等有条理的，清楚明白的、前后一致的”，柯林斯解释为If someone is coherent, they express their thoughts in a clear and calm way, so that other people can understand what they are saying.。coherent尤其用于修饰计划和组织，常见搭配的词有approach，framework，pattern，picture，plan，policy，programme，scheme，strategy，structure，system，theory，和whole等。
如：
a coherent analysis, argument, description前后一致的分析、论证、描述
The Government lacks a coherent economic policy. 政府的经济政策缺乏一致性。
He's not very coherent on the telephone. 他打电话时语无伦次。
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