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Refuse，Reject，Decline，Deny
拒绝。
🚩refuse的含义柯林斯解释很清晰，有三个义项可以表明其用法和内涵。其一是If you refuse to do something, you deliberately do not do it, or you say firmly that you will not do it.。可以搭配refuse to do something，含义是“故意不做某件事情，或者坚决地说不会做某件事情”。
如：
He refused to comment after the trial...庭审之后他拒绝作出评论。
其二是If someone refuses you something, they do not give it to you or do not allow you to have it.，即“别人不给你某物，或者不然给你拥有某物”。
如：
The United States has refused him a visa...美国拒绝给他发放签证。
She was refused access to her children...她被禁止探视她的孩子。
其三是If you refuse something that is offered to you, you do not accept it.，即“拒绝接受别人给予的，不接受”。
如：
He offered me a second drink which I refused...他请我再喝一杯，我没有接受。
🚩reject的一个含义与refuse近似，如reject也有“拒绝接受别人给予的”这层含义，柯林斯解释为If you reject something such as a proposal, a request, or an offer, you do not accept it or you do not agree to it.，即“不接受、不同意”，它跟的宾语常常是“建议、要求、别人的给予等等”。但reject更有点“以否定、敌对的态度当面拒绝”的意味，语气更为强烈。
如：
reject a gift, a possibility, an opinion, a suggestion 拒绝接受一件礼物、一种可能性、一条意见、一项建议
a rejected candidate, applicant, etc 遭到拒绝的候选人、申请人等
She rejected his offer of marriage. 他向她求婚，她拒绝了。
The British government is expected to reject the idea of state subsidy for a new high speed railway...预计英国政府不会考虑为修建一条新的高速铁路提供国家补贴的设想。
Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential.17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。
当然reject与refuse不同的是，它还有另外的含义是“摒弃信仰或者政治制度”，即If you reject a belief or a political system, you refuse to believe in it or to live by its rules.。它还有“（大学或者工作等方面）不予录用”，即If someone is rejected for a job or course of study, it is not offered to them.，习惯用被动态。最后他还有“被人冷漠的对待”，即If someone rejects another person who expects affection from them, they are cold and unfriendly towards them.。
如：
the children of Eastern European immigrants who had rejected their parents' political and religious beliefs.抛弃了父母一代政治和宗教信仰的东欧移民子女
One of my most able students was rejected by another university.我的一个最有能力的学生申请另一所大学落选了。
You make friends with people and then make unreasonable demands so that they reject you.你和别人交朋友，然后向人家提出无理要求，结果被人家拒绝。
🚩decline与refuse意思也相近，但是decline更正式，更委婉，更客气，所以它是“婉拒，谢绝”，柯林斯解释为If you decline something or decline to do something, you politely refuse to accept it or do it.。
如：
I invited her to join us, but she declined. 我邀请她和我们在一起，可是她婉言谢绝了。
decline an invitation to dinner 谢绝宴请
The band declined to comment on the story...乐队拒绝对这一报道作任何评论。
🚩deny与上述三个词不一样，deny是“否认，不承认”，deny的反义词是admit。上述refuse，reject，decline基本上都是“拒绝”，他们的反义词都是一个accept。deny表示否认，柯林斯是这样解释的When you deny something, you state that it is not true.，或者If you deny someone or something, you say that they have no connection with you or do not belong to you.，即“否认与…有关系，否认…是自己的，不承认，抛弃”。这一层含义，refuse是完全不具有的。
如：
deny a statement, a claim, an accusation, a charge否认一个说法、否定某人声称的事、否认一项指责、否认一项指控
He denied knowing anything about it. 他否认知道此事。
He denied that he was involved. 他否认与己有关。
deny的确也有“拒绝”的意思，但deny是“拒绝别人要求或者想要的东西”。柯林斯解释为If you deny someone something that they need or want, you refuse to let them have it.。
如：
I never denied her anything.我对她百依百顺。
She was angry at being denied the opportunity to see me. 因不准她见我，她非常生气。
If he is unlucky, he may find that his ex-partner denies him access to his children...如果不走运的话，他可能会发现前妻拒绝让他接近自己的孩子。
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