Original Title 原标题Exclusive: Pentagon data reveals US soldier more likely to die by suicide than in combat
独家报道：五角大楼数据显示，美国士兵自杀死亡的概率高于死于战斗
WASHINGTON − U.S. soldiers were almost nine times more likely to die by suicide than by enemy fire, according to a Pentagon study for the five-year period ending in 2019.
来自华盛顿的报道——根据五角大楼的一份截至2019年的五年期研究显示，美国士兵死于自杀的概率几乎是被敌人射杀的概率的9倍。
The study, published in May by the Defense Health Agency, found that suicide was the leading cause of death among active-duty soldiers from 2014 to 2019. There were 883 suicide deaths during that time period. Accidents were the No. 2 cause with 814 deaths. There were 96 combat deaths.
这份由国防卫生局在五月份发布的研究发现，在2014年到2019年间，自杀是美国现役军人死亡的主要原因，在该时间段里有883例自杀死亡事件。意外是第二大死亡原因，有814例。战斗死亡有96例。
The suicide figures from 2019 predate some Army and Pentagon initiatives to combat suicide, including a workforce that addresses harmful behaviors like alcohol abuse that can contribute to deaths by suicide. In addition, combat deaths declined from 31 in 2014 to 16 in 2019 as deployments to war zones in the Middle East and Afghanistan decreased.
美军士兵的2019年自杀数字的出现早于军队和五角大楼推出的一些遏制自杀的举动，这些举动包括了采取措施处理可能导致自杀的有害行为（如酗酒）。另外，由于在中东和阿富汗的战争区域部署人员减少，战斗死亡从2014年的31例下降到2019年的16例。
Suicide, meanwhile, has increased among active-duty soldiers, according to figures obtained by USA TODAY. So far in 2024, 55 soldiers have died by suicide.
根据《今日美国》（USA TODAY）得到的数字，在战斗死亡数量下降死亡同时，自杀死亡的数量在美国现役士兵当中上升。就在2024年至今，已经有55名士兵死于自杀。
Army officials, in an interview with USA TODAY, pointed to increasing rates of suicide in U.S. society as whole that are reflected in their ranks. They also talked about new tactics they're using to reduce suicide.
陆军军官们在接受《今日美国》的一个采访时指出，美国社会自杀率总体上上升反映在军队当中。他们还谈及他们采取新的措施去减少自杀。
The rate of suicide, measured by deaths per 100,000 soldiers, generally has been climbing since 2019 when the rate was 28.8 per 100,000. For active-duty soldiers in 2020, the rate was 36.2 per 100,000. It declined in 2021 to 36.1, and in 2022 it fell to 28.9. In 2023, it jumped to 36.6. In 2024, the rate is 31.8 through most of May, according to figures obtained by USA TODAY.
以每10万名士兵的自杀死亡人数来衡量的自杀率，自2019年（当时自杀率是每10万名士兵有28.8名自杀死亡）来一直在上升。2020年的美国现役士兵的自杀率为每10万人中有36.2人自杀，2021年下降到36.1人，2022年下降到28.9人，2023年窜升到36.6人。根据《今日美国》获得的数据，在2024年五月份的大部分时间里，自杀率为每10万人中有31.8人。
For all Americans, the rate of suicide has climbed 37% since 2000. In 2021, the last year of available data, the rate per 100,000 was 14.1.
对全体美国人来说，自2000年以来，自杀率上升了37%。2021年，有效数据可查的最后一年，美国社会每10万人之中的自杀人数为14.1人。
The Army’s struggle to curb suicide grew especially acute in Alaska during the study’s timeframe and after.
在研究的时间范围内（2014-2019）及之后年份，在阿拉斯加的美军为遏止自杀的斗争尤为剧烈。
At Fort Wainwright in Alaska’s isolated, frigid interior, 11 soldiers died by suicide between January 2014 and March 2019. That spike alarmed Army officials, and a commission examining the problem called for spending more than $200 million for better barracks for soldiers and sheltered garages to maintain their combat vehicles.
2014年1月到2019年3月，位于阿拉斯加内陆的与世隔绝、气候严寒的温赖特堡（Fort Wain wright）里，有11名士兵死于自杀。这一死亡人数的激增警醒了军队官员，一个负责研究士兵自杀问题的委员会呼吁为士兵建造更好的营房和用于维护战车的有遮蔽车库。此项花费超过2亿美元。
Military spending didn't stop the suicide problem
军费开支并未解决自杀问题
The spending didn’t stem the problem. There were eight suicide deaths among soldiers posted to Alaska in 2019, seven in 2020 and a horrific 17 in 2021. Following a USA TODAY investigation, the Army, prodded by Congress, surged dozens of mental health professionals to the state and suicides dropped to six in 2022.
巨额的花销并没有遏制问题的发生。2019年，有8名驻扎在阿拉斯加的士兵自杀死亡，2020年有7名，2021年达到骇人的17名。在《今日美国》的调查后，在国会的推动下，军队向阿拉斯加增派了数十名心理健康专家，2022年自杀死亡得以降至6名。
Last September, acting on recommendations made by an independent commission studying suicide in the military, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin outlined the Pentagon's strategy to prevent more deaths. It includes improving access to mental health counseling and incentives for safe storage of firearms, which account for 70% of suicide deaths.
去年9月，根据研究军队自杀问题的独立委员会提出的建议，国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀（Lloyd Austin）概述了五角大楼防止更多死亡的战略。战略包括改善心理健康咨询的渠道，鼓励安全存放枪支，因为枪支占自杀死亡人数的70%。
The Pentagon plans to hire as many as 2,000 people over the next four years to focus on preventing problem behaviors, like excessive drinking, that can lead to suicide and sexual assault. The first members of the Integrated Primary Prevention Workforce were deployed to bases at highest risk last year.
五角大楼计划在未来4年雇用多达2000人，重点来阻止问题行为，如过度饮酒（可能会导致自杀和性侵犯）。去年，首批综合初级预防工作人员已经部署到最高风险的基地里。
Gunshot wounds accounted for 65% of the Army's suicide deaths, according to the study.
据该研究的信息显示，枪伤占了军队人员自杀死亡的65%。
"Evaluation of various public health suicide prevention programs and services, and a greater emphasis on firearm storage and safety, may be needed to reduce suicide," the study's authors noted.
该研究的作者指出：“要减少自杀，需要对许多公共卫生的自杀预防项目和服务进行评估，并要更大程度地强调枪支的存放和安全。”
The Army has been seeking to normalize safe storage of guns among soldiers a reflex, like fastening a seat belt, said Carrie Shult, the Army's suicide prevention program manager. Secured guns are less likely to be seized by a solider having a suicidal impulse.
军队预防自杀项目的管理者卡莉·舒尔特（Carrie Shult）说，军队一直在努力地让士兵安全存放枪支常态化，就像开车系安全带一样。安全保管的枪支被有自杀冲动的士兵拿走的可能性会更低。
At Fort Cavazos in Texas, a program that emphasizes regular conversations by leaders and peers about gun storage has resulted in better planning by soldiers, Shult said.
舒尔特说，在得克萨斯的卡瓦索斯堡（Fort Cavazos)，一个强调领导者和同辈们就枪支存放进行定期交流的项目已经让士兵们变得更好地制定计划。
"We've seen some great initial results from that project and we're also looking to extend that in other areas," she said.
她说：“我们已经从这项目中看待一些很好的初步结果，我们还打算推广到其它地区。”
The Army's approach to suicide prevention has evolved over the past four years, said Col. Kevin Goke, an official in the Army's directorate of Prevention, Resilience & Readiness. The focus has shifted from suicide as solely a mental-health problem to addressing a variety of stresses on soldiers, including financial woes and broken relationships that can contribute to a crisis.
军队预防恢复和准备局的官员凯文·戈克（Kevin Goke）上校说，军队预防自杀的方法在过去四年中发生了变化。重点已经从单纯的心理健康问题转向解决士兵面临的各种压力，包括可能会导致危机的经济困境和破裂的人际关系。
Training has also aimed at reducing the stigma about seeking help when needed, he said. Soldiers have been taught to ask one another if they're thinking of hurting themselves.
他说，培训的目的是减少需要帮助时的耻辱感，教导士兵们相互询问是否有自我伤害的想法。
"As a behavioral health provider, it's a very easy question for me to ask," Goke said. "But we triggered that question down to a healthy-hand approach that folks are willing to ask that question."
戈克说：“作为一个行为健康提供者，这是个对我来说很容易问出来的问题。但是我们把这种问题简化为一个健康手法，成为人们愿意询问的问题。”
独家报道：五角大楼数据显示，美国士兵自杀死亡的概率高于死于战斗
WASHINGTON − U.S. soldiers were almost nine times more likely to die by suicide than by enemy fire, according to a Pentagon study for the five-year period ending in 2019.
来自华盛顿的报道——根据五角大楼的一份截至2019年的五年期研究显示，美国士兵死于自杀的概率几乎是被敌人射杀的概率的9倍。
The study, published in May by the Defense Health Agency, found that suicide was the leading cause of death among active-duty soldiers from 2014 to 2019. There were 883 suicide deaths during that time period. Accidents were the No. 2 cause with 814 deaths. There were 96 combat deaths.
这份由国防卫生局在五月份发布的研究发现，在2014年到2019年间，自杀是美国现役军人死亡的主要原因，在该时间段里有883例自杀死亡事件。意外是第二大死亡原因，有814例。战斗死亡有96例。
The suicide figures from 2019 predate some Army and Pentagon initiatives to combat suicide, including a workforce that addresses harmful behaviors like alcohol abuse that can contribute to deaths by suicide. In addition, combat deaths declined from 31 in 2014 to 16 in 2019 as deployments to war zones in the Middle East and Afghanistan decreased.
美军士兵的2019年自杀数字的出现早于军队和五角大楼推出的一些遏制自杀的举动，这些举动包括了采取措施处理可能导致自杀的有害行为（如酗酒）。另外，由于在中东和阿富汗的战争区域部署人员减少，战斗死亡从2014年的31例下降到2019年的16例。
Suicide, meanwhile, has increased among active-duty soldiers, according to figures obtained by USA TODAY. So far in 2024, 55 soldiers have died by suicide.
根据《今日美国》（USA TODAY）得到的数字，在战斗死亡数量下降死亡同时，自杀死亡的数量在美国现役士兵当中上升。就在2024年至今，已经有55名士兵死于自杀。
Army officials, in an interview with USA TODAY, pointed to increasing rates of suicide in U.S. society as whole that are reflected in their ranks. They also talked about new tactics they're using to reduce suicide.
陆军军官们在接受《今日美国》的一个采访时指出，美国社会自杀率总体上上升反映在军队当中。他们还谈及他们采取新的措施去减少自杀。
The rate of suicide, measured by deaths per 100,000 soldiers, generally has been climbing since 2019 when the rate was 28.8 per 100,000. For active-duty soldiers in 2020, the rate was 36.2 per 100,000. It declined in 2021 to 36.1, and in 2022 it fell to 28.9. In 2023, it jumped to 36.6. In 2024, the rate is 31.8 through most of May, according to figures obtained by USA TODAY.
以每10万名士兵的自杀死亡人数来衡量的自杀率，自2019年（当时自杀率是每10万名士兵有28.8名自杀死亡）来一直在上升。2020年的美国现役士兵的自杀率为每10万人中有36.2人自杀，2021年下降到36.1人，2022年下降到28.9人，2023年窜升到36.6人。根据《今日美国》获得的数据，在2024年五月份的大部分时间里，自杀率为每10万人中有31.8人。
For all Americans, the rate of suicide has climbed 37% since 2000. In 2021, the last year of available data, the rate per 100,000 was 14.1.
对全体美国人来说，自2000年以来，自杀率上升了37%。2021年，有效数据可查的最后一年，美国社会每10万人之中的自杀人数为14.1人。
The Army’s struggle to curb suicide grew especially acute in Alaska during the study’s timeframe and after.
在研究的时间范围内（2014-2019）及之后年份，在阿拉斯加的美军为遏止自杀的斗争尤为剧烈。
At Fort Wainwright in Alaska’s isolated, frigid interior, 11 soldiers died by suicide between January 2014 and March 2019. That spike alarmed Army officials, and a commission examining the problem called for spending more than $200 million for better barracks for soldiers and sheltered garages to maintain their combat vehicles.
2014年1月到2019年3月，位于阿拉斯加内陆的与世隔绝、气候严寒的温赖特堡（Fort Wain wright）里，有11名士兵死于自杀。这一死亡人数的激增警醒了军队官员，一个负责研究士兵自杀问题的委员会呼吁为士兵建造更好的营房和用于维护战车的有遮蔽车库。此项花费超过2亿美元。
Military spending didn't stop the suicide problem
军费开支并未解决自杀问题
The spending didn’t stem the problem. There were eight suicide deaths among soldiers posted to Alaska in 2019, seven in 2020 and a horrific 17 in 2021. Following a USA TODAY investigation, the Army, prodded by Congress, surged dozens of mental health professionals to the state and suicides dropped to six in 2022.
巨额的花销并没有遏制问题的发生。2019年，有8名驻扎在阿拉斯加的士兵自杀死亡，2020年有7名，2021年达到骇人的17名。在《今日美国》的调查后，在国会的推动下，军队向阿拉斯加增派了数十名心理健康专家，2022年自杀死亡得以降至6名。
Last September, acting on recommendations made by an independent commission studying suicide in the military, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin outlined the Pentagon's strategy to prevent more deaths. It includes improving access to mental health counseling and incentives for safe storage of firearms, which account for 70% of suicide deaths.
去年9月，根据研究军队自杀问题的独立委员会提出的建议，国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀（Lloyd Austin）概述了五角大楼防止更多死亡的战略。战略包括改善心理健康咨询的渠道，鼓励安全存放枪支，因为枪支占自杀死亡人数的70%。
The Pentagon plans to hire as many as 2,000 people over the next four years to focus on preventing problem behaviors, like excessive drinking, that can lead to suicide and sexual assault. The first members of the Integrated Primary Prevention Workforce were deployed to bases at highest risk last year.
五角大楼计划在未来4年雇用多达2000人，重点来阻止问题行为，如过度饮酒（可能会导致自杀和性侵犯）。去年，首批综合初级预防工作人员已经部署到最高风险的基地里。
Gunshot wounds accounted for 65% of the Army's suicide deaths, according to the study.
据该研究的信息显示，枪伤占了军队人员自杀死亡的65%。
"Evaluation of various public health suicide prevention programs and services, and a greater emphasis on firearm storage and safety, may be needed to reduce suicide," the study's authors noted.
该研究的作者指出：“要减少自杀，需要对许多公共卫生的自杀预防项目和服务进行评估，并要更大程度地强调枪支的存放和安全。”
The Army has been seeking to normalize safe storage of guns among soldiers a reflex, like fastening a seat belt, said Carrie Shult, the Army's suicide prevention program manager. Secured guns are less likely to be seized by a solider having a suicidal impulse.
军队预防自杀项目的管理者卡莉·舒尔特（Carrie Shult）说，军队一直在努力地让士兵安全存放枪支常态化，就像开车系安全带一样。安全保管的枪支被有自杀冲动的士兵拿走的可能性会更低。
At Fort Cavazos in Texas, a program that emphasizes regular conversations by leaders and peers about gun storage has resulted in better planning by soldiers, Shult said.
舒尔特说，在得克萨斯的卡瓦索斯堡（Fort Cavazos)，一个强调领导者和同辈们就枪支存放进行定期交流的项目已经让士兵们变得更好地制定计划。
"We've seen some great initial results from that project and we're also looking to extend that in other areas," she said.
她说：“我们已经从这项目中看待一些很好的初步结果，我们还打算推广到其它地区。”
The Army's approach to suicide prevention has evolved over the past four years, said Col. Kevin Goke, an official in the Army's directorate of Prevention, Resilience & Readiness. The focus has shifted from suicide as solely a mental-health problem to addressing a variety of stresses on soldiers, including financial woes and broken relationships that can contribute to a crisis.
军队预防恢复和准备局的官员凯文·戈克（Kevin Goke）上校说，军队预防自杀的方法在过去四年中发生了变化。重点已经从单纯的心理健康问题转向解决士兵面临的各种压力，包括可能会导致危机的经济困境和破裂的人际关系。
Training has also aimed at reducing the stigma about seeking help when needed, he said. Soldiers have been taught to ask one another if they're thinking of hurting themselves.
他说，培训的目的是减少需要帮助时的耻辱感，教导士兵们相互询问是否有自我伤害的想法。
"As a behavioral health provider, it's a very easy question for me to ask," Goke said. "But we triggered that question down to a healthy-hand approach that folks are willing to ask that question."
戈克说：“作为一个行为健康提供者，这是个对我来说很容易问出来的问题。但是我们把这种问题简化为一个健康手法，成为人们愿意询问的问题。”