Original Title原标题：Warren Buffett’s Skill For Success: Reading
Charlie Munger praises this 1 trait of Warren Buffett’s—without it, ‘you won’t get very far in life’
查理·芒格对巴菲特这一特点充满赞誉——没有它，“你的人生不会有多少成就”
Without a doubt, Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett are a match made in heaven. After working together for more than 40 years, the two legendary investors still hold plenty of respect and admiration for one another.
毫无疑问，查理·芒格和沃伦·巴菲特是一对天作之合。经历了超过40年的合作，两位传奇的投资者至今仍对彼此充满敬意和钦佩。
As vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Munger says there’s one quality of Buffett’s that he holds in especially high esteem: His ability to be a lifelong “learning machine.”
伯克希尔哈撒韦的副主席的芒格说，他特别敬佩巴菲特的一个品质：巴菲特是一部终生运作的“学习机器”。
“If you take Warren Buffett and watched him with a time clock, I would say half of all the time he spends is sitting on his ass and reading,” Munger said in his 2007 commencement speech at the University of Southern California.
芒格在南加利福尼亚大学2007年毕业典礼上发表演讲时说：“如果把巴菲特和一个时钟放在一起观察，我会说他一半的时间是坐在椅子上阅读。”
How to be a learning machine
如何成为一部学习机器
As the cliche goes, success is about the journey and not the destination. So what does a learning machine look like?
正如老话说的一样，成功在于过程而不是目的。那么，一部学习机器是怎样的？
Lifelong learning is essential to long-term success
终身学习是长期成功的必要因素
“Without lifelong learning, you’re not going to do very well. You’re not going to get very far in life based on what you already know,” says Munger.
“没有终身学习，你就不会做得很好。仅依靠你现有的知识，你的人生不会走得更远。”
“If you take Berkshire Hathaway, which is certainly one of the best-regarded corporations in the world and may have the best long-term investment record in the entire history of civilization, the skill that got Berkshire through one decade would not have sufficed to get it through the next decade with the achievements made,” he says. “Without Warren Buffett being a learning machine — a continuous learning machine, the record would have been absolutely impossible.”
芒格说："伯克希尔哈撒韦公司绝对是世界上最受好评的公司之一，可能是拥有人类文明史上最好的长期投资记录的公司，我们就以它为例。能让伯克希尔在过去10年成功的技巧是无法让伯克希尔在下一个10年里取得成就。没有巴菲特作为一部持续的学习机器，将不会有伯克希尔哈撒韦的卓越投资记录。”
But Munger is also a learning machine.
芒格他本人也是一部学习机器。
In an interview with author Alice Schroeder for his biography, “The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life,” Buffett told a story about Munger’s early days as a lawyer. At the time, “he was probably getting about $20 an hour. He thought to himself, ‘Who’s my most valuable client?’ And he decided it was himself. So he decided to sell himself an hour each day.”
在接受个人自传《滚雪球：沃伦·巴菲特和他的财富人生》的作者艾利斯·施罗德（Alice Schroeder）的采访时，巴菲特讲了一个芒格在早期当律师的故事。当时，”芒格可能每小时赚20美元，他自己反思自己，'谁是我最有价值的客户？'然后他认定是他自己，所以他决定每天卖一个小时给自己（每天安排一小时完全属于自己的时间）。”
Munger made this a daily routine, Buffett explains. “He did it early in the morning, working on these construction projects and real estate deals. Everybody should do this — be the client, then work for other people, too, and sell yourself an hour a day.”
巴菲特解释道：“芒格每天都这样做，他在早上开始自己的一小时，用在建设项目和房地产交易上。每个人都应该这样做，做自己最有价值的客户，每天卖一个小时给自己，然后也为他人工作。”
1. Read, read, read
阅读、阅读、继续阅读
Munger’s observation lines up with what Buffett himself has said about himself — that he often reads up to 500 pages a day.
芒格观察到的巴菲特与巴菲特自己说的完全一致，巴菲特本人经常每天阅读达到500页。
（另一篇相关文章：知识像复利一样强大——巴菲特建议，要想变得富裕和成功，就要每天阅读500页）
In the book ” Working Together: Why Great Partnerships Succeed,” Buffett told author Michael Eisner: “Look, my job is essentially just corralling more and more and more facts and information, and occasionally seeing whether that leads to some action. And Charlie — his children call him a book with legs.”
在 《共事：为何伟大的合伙关系能够成功》 一书中，巴菲特对作者迈克尔·艾斯纳（Michael Eisner）说：“看，我的基本工作就是收集很多很多的事实和信息，偶然去看看这些事实和信息能到引发一些行动。而查理（芒格），他的孩子们称他是有脚的书。”
2. Exercise your brain
锻炼你的大脑
There are a variety of ways to work your mental muscles. (Netflix, unfortunately, isn’t one of them.)
有许多能锻炼你的脑力的方法。（不幸的是，视频网站Netflix不算）
Buffett plays bridge — and it keeps him, at 88, as sharp as ever. “I play a lot,” he said in a 2017 interview with The Washington Post. “At least four sessions a week, about two hours a session.”
巴菲特会玩桥牌。桥牌让他在88岁的年纪里仍然思维敏捷。“我玩桥牌很多。”他在2017年接受《华盛顿邮报》采访时说：“至少每星期4局，每局2小时。”
Munger practices “multidisciplinary thinking,” which essentially means constantly learning new perspectives of the world — and then putting them into practice.
芒格践行“多学科思维”，即不断地学习新的世界观，并将所学付诸实践。
In his speech, he argues that you can’t make smart decisions with just isolated facts. The knowledge you gather from “learning all the big ideas and all the big disciplines” will help you attack problems from different angles.
在他的演讲里，他说仅凭孤立的事实无法作出明智的决定。知识来自于“学习所有伟大思想和伟大学科”，它从不同角度帮你解决问题。
“I went through life constantly practicing this model of disciplinary approach,” he says. “I can’t tell you what that’s done for me. It’s made life more fun. It’s made me more constructive. It’s made me more helpful to others. It’s made me enormously rich.”
“我一生都在贯彻执行这种纪律严明的方法模式。”他说：“我无法告诉你它为我带来什么。但它让我的人生更有趣，让我更有建设性，让我对他人更有帮助，让我变得特别富裕。”
3. Pass on your wisdom
传授你的智慧
It’s impossible to achieve a legendary status by keeping valuable knowledge all to yourself.
把所有有价值的知识只留给自己独享是不可能成为一位传奇人物的。
According to a 2009 study published in The Journal of Science Education and Technology, teaching can also increase the motivation to learn, meaning that people who push themselves to learn with the intention to teach others have stronger communication, increased confidence and higher leadership skills. Researchers call this the “protégé effect.”
根据2009年发表在《科学教育与技术杂志 The Journal of Science Education and Technology》上的一项研究，教导他人还能提升学习的动机，也就是说，那些有着教导别人目的而推动自己学习的人，有更强的沟通能力，教导过程中还能增强自信心更强，提高领导能力。研究人员称这种现象为 "门徒效应"。
As Munger says, “the sacrifice, wisdom and value transfer that comes from one generation to the next can never be underrated.”
正如芒格所说，“代代相传的奉献、智慧和价值转移从来不能被低估。”
4.Knowledge is power, but you must learn to wield it
知识就是力量，但是你必须学会利用它
It would be downright silly to pretend that knowledge alone will turn you into a billionaire. There are many other factors at play, but the most important one is to take action.
如果认为仅靠知识就能让你成为亿万富翁，那就非常愚蠢了。成为亿万富翁（有钱人）还需要很多其它因素，但是最重要的一个是行动起来。
Munger’s advice? Just keep pushing yourself, and never stop.
芒格的建议是什么？就是不断地鞭策你自己，且不要停止。
“I constantly see people rise in life who are not the smartest, sometimes not even the most diligent, but they are learning machines,” he says. “They go to bed every night a little wiser than when they got up. And boy does that help — particularly when you have a long run ahead of you.”
“我经常看到有人走上人生巅峰，他们并不是最聪明的人，也不是最勤奋的人，但是他们是学习机器。”他说：“他们每天都获得一些进步（他们每天晚上睡觉时都比早上起床时更聪明）。这确实是有用的方法，特别是当你的人生还有很长的路等你走下去时。”
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