点击上方蓝字关注我们并星标，第一时间收到文章哦
The "morin khuur" is a symbolic
mark of the musical culture of the Chinese Mongolian ethnic group. It is not
only the musical companion of the Mongolian people but also the transmitter of
the prairie life, history, and legends, telling the world one touching story
after another in the form of musical notes about the heroic epics and the bits
and pieces of daily life of the Mongolian ethnic group.
The history of the morin khuur can be
traced back to the stringed instrument "Xi Qin" in the Tang and Song
Dynasties. After a long period of evolution and development, it finally spread
to the folk during the period of Genghis Khan (1155 - 1227). According to
"The Travels of Marco Polo", as early as the 12th century, a
two-stringed instrument similar to the morin khuur had already become popular
among the ancestors of the Mongolians - the Tatars. During the Ming and Qing
Dynasties, the morin khuur was introduced into the court orchestra and became a
part of the royal music.
The morin khuur gets its name from the
carved horse head shape on its headstock. This design not only gives the
instrument a unique appearance but also contains the deep affection and worship
of the horse by the Mongolians. The body of the instrument is trapezoidal, and
the sound box is generally made of pine wood and covered with horsehide. The
two strings are made of horsehair. In the early days, the inner and outer
reverse fourth-degree tuning was used, and now other tuning methods are mostly
used to adapt to different performance needs. The improved morin khuur uses
nylon strings and a larger sound box, which increases the volume and makes the
timbre brighter while still retaining the original prairie charm.
The playing techniques of the morin khuur
are rich, and the timbre is deep, rough, passionate, and full of passion,
perfectly capturing and expressing the prairie life and emotional world of the
Mongolian people. In its music, there is both the vastness and loneliness of
the vast prairie and the heroism and deep affection of the herdsmen, which can
instantly bring the audience into that distant and mysterious world. Whether it
is a solo or an ensemble, the morin khuur can, with its unique charm, be fascinating
and intoxicating.
Regarding the origin of the morin khuur,
there are several touching legends in circulation. One of the most widely known
is that a herdsman made this instrument with the remains of his beloved pony in
memory of it. The neck was taken from the horse's leg bone, the skull was made
into the headstock, and the tail hair was woven into the strings, thus reposing
his infinite yearning for the horse. This story not only explains the origin of
the name of the morin khuur but also reflects more deeply the Mongolian cultural
spirit of harmonious coexistence between man and nature and animals.
Today, the morin khuur not only continues
to thrive in the areas where the Mongolians live in compact communities but is
also favored by music lovers all over the world. In concerts, in film and
television works, and even on the stage of international cultural exchanges,
the sound of the morin khuur is heard more and more frequently, becoming a
bridge connecting different cultures and hearts.
At the same time, modern composers and
players are also exploring more possibilities of the morin khuur, integrating
it into modern musical styles and creating works that are both traditional and
innovative, allowing this ancient art form to regain new vitality in the new
era background.
马头琴是中国蒙古族音乐文化的标志性符号，它不仅仅是蒙古族人民的音乐伴侣，更是草原生活、历史与传说的传声筒，将蒙古族的英雄史诗与日常生活的点点滴滴，以音符的形式，向世界诉说着一个又一个动人的故事。
马头琴的历史可追溯至唐宋时期的拉弦乐器“奚琴”，经过长期的演变和发展，最终在成吉思汗时期（1155年—1227年）流传至民间。据《马可·波罗游记》记载，早在12世纪，类似马头琴的二弦琴已经在蒙古族先民——鞑靼人中流行。明清时期，马头琴被引入宫廷乐队，成为皇家音乐中的一员。
马头琴得名于其琴头上雕刻的马头形状，这一设计不仅赋予了乐器独特的外观，更蕴含了蒙古族对马的深厚情感和崇拜。琴身为梯形，共鸣箱一般由松木制成并蒙上马皮，两根弦由马尾制成，早期使用的是内外反四度定弦，现多采用其他定弦方式以适应不同的演奏需求。改良后的马头琴，采用尼龙弦和更大的共鸣箱，使得音量增大，音色更为亮丽，同时也保留了那份原始的草原韵味。
马头琴的演奏技巧丰富，音色深沉粗犷、激昂而又充满激情，完美地捕捉和表达了蒙古族人民的草原生活和情感世界。它的音乐中，既有苍茫草原的广阔与寂寥，又有牧马人的豪迈与深情，能够瞬间将听众带入那片遥远而神秘的天地之间。无论是独奏还是合奏，马头琴都能以其独有的魅力，引人入胜，令人沉醉。
关于马头琴的起源，流传着多个版本的动人传说。其中最广为人知的一个是，一位牧人为纪念他心爱的小马，用其遗骸制作了这把琴，琴杆取自马腿骨，头骨制成琴头，尾毛编为琴弦，以此寄托他对马儿的无限思念。这个故事不仅解释了马头琴名字的由来，更深层地反映了人与自然、与动物之间和谐共生的蒙古族文化精神。
时至今日，马头琴不仅在蒙古族聚居区继续繁荣，也被世界各地的音乐爱好者所青睐。音乐会上、影视作品中，甚至是国际文化交流的舞台上，马头琴的声音越来越频繁地响起，成为连接不同文化和心灵的桥梁。
与此同时，现代作曲家和演奏家们也在探索马头琴的更多可能性，将其融入现代音乐风格，创作出既传统又创新的作品，让这古老的艺术形式在新的时代背景下焕发新的生机。
说明：文中部分图片来源于网络，如有侵权，请联系删除。
学英语，让世界了解中国
欢迎关注、点赞、在看和转发分享
扫码关注并星标
第一时间收到更新文章
喜欢我，点“在看”，给我一朵小花花