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Oracle bone script is the earliest known form
of writing in China. According to archaeological evidence, it first appeared
during the Shang Dynasty and was inscribed on turtle shells and animal bones.
甲骨文是中国已知最早的书写形式。根据现有的考古资料，甲骨文最早出现于商朝，它是刻写在龟甲和兽骨上的文字。
Oracle bone script originated from divination
practices. Shang rulers and diviners would heat animal scapulae or turtle
plastrons until cracks formed, interpreting the crack patterns as guidance from
ancestors and deities regarding future weather, military actions, crop
harvests, royal births, and other matters. They would then meticulously record
the questions and corresponding answers on the oracle bones.
甲骨文源于占卜实践。商朝君主与卜官会加热动物肩胛骨或龟腹甲直至出现裂缝，将裂缝形态视为祖先与神灵对未来天气、军事行动、农作物收成、皇室生育等问题的启示，然后他们把问卜的问题与所得答案详尽地记录在甲骨上。
The discovery of oracle bone script is a story
filled with chance occurrences. As early as the 1870s and 1880s, farmers near
Xiaotun Village in Anyang, Henan Province would occasionally dig up turtle
shells and animal bones with inscriptions, mistaking them for "dragon
bones." According to local customs, these bones were believed to have
medicinal value and were commonly sold to herbal medicine shops for grinding
into powder to treat wounds. This marked the initial discovery of oracle bone
script among the general population.
甲骨文的发现过程是一个充满偶然的故事。
早在19世纪七八十年代，河南省安阳市小屯村附近的农民在田间劳作时，偶尔会挖出一些带有刻痕的龟甲和兽骨，以为是“龙骨”，并且按照当地的习俗，认为这些骨头具有药用价值，因此常将它们出售给中药铺，用于研磨成粉治疗创伤。这就是甲骨文在民间的初次发现。
In 1899, Wang Yirong, a Qing Dynasty official
and epigrapher in Beijing, noticed peculiar symbols on the "dragon
bones" he purchased for medicinal use. As an expert in studying ancient
artifacts and scripts, he keenly realized that these symbols could be ancient
writing. Wang immediately sent people to purchase a large number of these
inscribed oracle bones from the medicine shops and conducted preliminary
research on them. He confirmed that these symbols belonged to an ancient
writing system even older than the known seal script, thus opening the academic
study of oracle bone script.
1899年，北京的清代官员、金石学家王懿荣因病服药，发现所购中药中的“龙骨”上刻有奇特的符号。作为一名研究古代文物和文字的专家，他敏锐地意识到这些符号可能是古代的文字。王懿荣立即派人到药店大量收购这类刻有文字的甲骨，并对其进行了初步的研究。他确认这些符号是一种古老的文字体系，比已知的篆书更为久远，从而揭开了甲骨文的学术研究序幕。
Oracle bone script is complex in shape and
consists of numerous pictographic and ideographic characters. It records the
daily lives, social systems, religious beliefs, and various ritual activities
of the Shang Dynasty people. Through the study of oracle bone script, we can
gain insights into aspects of Shang Dynasty society such as social structure,
religious concepts, and economic activities. The discovery of oracle bone
script has played a significant role in the study of ancient Chinese history
and the origin and evolution of Chinese characters.
甲骨文的形状复杂，由许多象形和象声字组成。甲骨文记录了商朝人们的日常生活、社会制度、宗教信仰以及各种祭祀活动。通过研究甲骨文，我们可以了解商朝时期的社会结构、宗教观念和经济活动等方面的信息。甲骨文的发现对于研究古代中国历史和汉字的起源与演变起到了重要作用。
With further research on oracle bone script,
its historical value and academic significance have been widely recognized by
the international scholarly community. In 2017, UNESCO included "Oracle
Bone Inscriptions in China" in the Memory of the World Register,
signifying the international acknowledgment of its importance as a cultural
heritage of humanity.
随着甲骨文研究的深入，其历史价值和学术意义得到了国际学术界的广泛认同。2017年，联合国教科文组织将“甲骨文”列入《世界记忆名录》，标志着国际社会对其作为人类文明重要遗产的认可。
说明：文中部分图片来源于网络，如有侵权，请联系删除。
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